CHAPTER VI.. Evolution and Ethical Theories.

EVOLUTION AND ETHICAL THEORIES.

Bearing of the theory of evolution, 126 1. On theories depending on moral sentiment or intuition, 127 (a) Ethical value of moral sentiments affected by their origin, 130 (b) Organic character of moral sentiments, 132 Resultant attitude of evolutionism to intuitionism, 133 2. On egoism: relation of egoism to altruism, 134 (a) Social nature of the individual, 135 (b) Limits to conciliation of egoism and altruism, 141 (α) Continued existence of competition, 142 (β) Different and conflicting degrees of altruism, 143 (γ) Altruism of interest and altruism of motive, 143 (δ) Weakness of altruistic feelings, 146 (c) Tendency of evolution opposed to egoism, 148 Evolution not the basis of psychological hedonism, 148 Nor of ethical hedonism, 150 3. On utilitarianism, 152 Modification of the utilitarian method, 153 And of its principle, 155 Evolutionist objections to utilitarianism, 155 (a) As prescribing an unprogressive ideal, 156 (b) As a theory of consequences, 160 (c) As related solely to sensibility, 161