PART II.. Vegetable Organisms.

VEGETABLE ORGANISMS.

I. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE VEGETABLE WORLD 167

II. ALGÆ 179

III. FUNGI 260

IV. LICHENS 298

V. CHARACEÆ 312

VI. HEPATICÆ, OR LIVERWORTS 316

VII. MUSCI, OR MOSSES 323

VIII. FILICES, OR FERNS 335

IX. EQUISETACEÆ, OR HORSETAILS 367

X. MARSILEACEÆ, OR RHIZOSPERMÆ 371

XI. LYCOPODIACEÆ, OR CLUB MOSSES 373

XII. GENERAL STRUCTURE OF FLOWERING PLANTS 378

XIII. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS, OR ENDOGENOUS PLANTS 383

XIV. DICOTYLEDONOUS, OR EXOGENOUS PLANTS 404

ILLUSTRATIONS

THE FIRST VOLUME.

(The Author is indebted to the works of Dr. Carpenter, Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Mr. Gosse, and Mr. Darwin, for the larger part of these Illustrations.)

FIG. PAGE

89. Eucyrtidium cranoides frontispiece

1. Form of stratified discharge in a vacuum tube 79

2. Form of stratified discharge in a vacuum tube, as 81 affected by an electro-magnet

3. Development of Ulva 171

4. Vertical section of the cuticle of Iris germanica 173

5. Longitudinal section of stem of Italian reed 176

6. Palmoglœa macrococca 182

7. Protococcus pluvialis 184

8. Volvox globator 189

9. Various species of Staurastrum 192

10. Economy of Closterium Lunula 193

11. Diatoma vulgare and Grammatophora serpentina 197

12. Biddulphia pulchella 198

13. Pleurosigma angulatum 199

14. Actinocyclus undulatus 200

15. Meridion circulare 201

16. Bacillaria paradoxa 203

17. Cell multiplication in Conferva glomerata 207

18. Zoospores 208

19. Threads of Rivularia nitida 215

20. Trichodesmium erythræum 216

21. Conjugation of Zygnema quininum 217

22. Ulva latissima 225

23. Polyides rotundus and Furcellaria fastigiata 229

24. Vertical sections of conceptacles of Gracilaria 230 armata, Grinnelia americana, and Corallina officinalis

25. Callithamnion corymbosum 232

26. Rhabdonia Coulteri, Sphærococcus coronopifolius, 236 Wrangelia penicillata, and Cruoria pellita

27. Dictyurus purpurascens 242

28. Polyzonia cuneifolia 243

29. Fruit of various species of Ectocarpus 245

30. Dictyota dichotoma 247

31. Vertical section of receptacle of Fucus 254 platycarpus

32. Various species of Pucciniæi 276

33. Puccinia Graminis 280

34. Various species of Mucedines 286

35. Torula Cerevisiæ, showing successive stages of 287 cell-multiplication

36. Various species of Sphæriacei 294

37. Various species of Lichens 299

38. Sporopodium Leprieurii, Coccocarpia smaragdina, 300 and Lecanora affinis

39. Paulia perforata, Calicium tympanellum, and 301 Graphis Leprevostei

40. Nitella flexilis 302

41. Antheridia of Chara fragilis 314

42. Further development of antheridia of Chara 315 fragilis

43. Marchantia polymorpha 317

44. Anatomy of frond of Marchantia polymorpha 318

45. Archegonia of Marchantia polymorpha 319

46. Elater and spores of Marchantia 319

47. Funaria hygrometrica 324

48. Polytrichum commune, group of antheridia 325

49. Polytrichum commune, development of spermatozoids 325

50. Microscopic structure of leaves of mosses 330

51. Development of spores of Pteris serrulata 336

52. Antheridium and spermatozoids of Pteris serrulata 338

53. Archegonium of Pteris serrulata 338

54. Section of footstalk of fern frond 341

55. Pinnule of Polypodium bearing sori 342

56. Sporangia of Polypodiaceous ferns 343

57. Pinnule of Lastrea Filix-mas with sori 346

58. Sorus and indusium of Polystichum or Aspidium 347

59. Pinna of Polystichum Lonchitis 348

60. Sorus and cup-shaped indusium of Deparia prolifera 350

61. Scolopendrium vulgare 351

62. Athyrium Filix-fœmina 353

63. Asplenium Ruta-muraria 353

64. Ceterach officinarum 355

65. Blechnum Spicant 357

66. Pteris aquilina 357

67. Adiantum Capillus-Veneris 359

68. Trichomanes radicans 361

69. Hymenophyllum tunbridgense 362

70. Equisetum giganteum 368

71. Pilularia minuta 371

72. Orchis mascula, side view of flower 389

73. Orchis mascula, front view of flower 390

74. Orchis mascula, pollinium 391

75. Orchis mascula, pollen grains 391

76. Orchis mascula, pollinia 392

77. Orchis pyramidalis, front view of flower 393

78. Orchis pyramidalis, side view of flower 394

79. Orchis pyramidalis, disc with one pollinium 395

80. Orchis pyramidalis, pollinia, attached to disc 395

81. Orchis pyramidalis, pollinia, with disc contracted 395

82. Orchis pyramidalis, pollinia, withdrawn 395

83. Epipactis palustris, side views of flower 397

84. Epipactis palustris, side view and dissection of 398 flower

85. Listera ovata, side view of flower 399

Errata.

Page 3, line 5 from bottom, insert the before earth 59, line 19, dele the 59, line 21, dele the 59, lines 20 and 22, for part read parts 100, In the Table of Atomic Weights, read Copper 32; Zinc 32·5; Rubidium 86; Cæsium 133 101, lines 10 and 33, for 32 read 32·5 104, line 12 from bottom, for 29 read 32

MOLECULAR AND MICROSCOPIC SCIENCE.