Part 19

Remarks.--The geographic range of Z. p. saltator, as here understood, includes several localities heretofore considered to be within the geographic ranges of neighboring subspecies. Specimens from Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. N of Barkerville, British Columbia, for example, which Hall (1934:379) considered nearer Z. p. princeps, are here referred to Z. p. saltator, with which they closely agree in cranial measurements and color of pelage. One individual from Glacier, British Columbia, thought to be Z. p. princeps by Preble (1899:32), is here considered to show intergradation between Z. p. kootenayensis and Z. p. saltator but is more nearly like Z. p. saltator to which it is here referred. Intergradation between Zapus princeps idahoensis and Z. p. saltator is noted, in color and in shape and size of the incisive foramina, in a specimen from Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay, British Columbia. The majority of cranial characters show these animals to be referable to Z. p. idahoensis. Specimens from Mt. Revelstoke, 3400 ft., British Columbia, show intergradation in shape of auditory bullae, in breadth of pterygoid fossae, and in shape and size of antorbital foramina between Z. p. idahoensis and Z. p. saltator. Resemblance in pelage and in the majority of cranial characters indicates that these specimens are best referred to Z. p. saltator.

Specimens examined.--Total, 187, distributed as follows:

ALASKA: Taku River, 1 (MVZ).

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Atlin, 7 (6 CAS; 1 PM); Deep Creek, 60 mi. above Telegraph Creek, 1 (USBS); Sawmill Lake, near Telegraph Creek, 6 (MVZ); junction 4 mi. N Telegraph Creek, 1 (ROM); McDame Post, Dease River, 1 (USBS); Stikine River, at Glenora, 28 (MVZ); Kispiox Valley, 23 mi. N Hazelton, 3 (MVZ); 9-mi. Mtn., 4500 ft., NE Hazelton, 1 (MVZ); Hazelton, 959 ft., 20 (MVZ); Bear River, 7 mi. N Bear Lake, 1 (USBS); Charlie Lake, Fort St. John, 1 (PM); Moose River, 2 (PM); Tupper Creek, 7 (PM); Babine, 2 (USBS); Port Simpson, 3 (USBS); 12 mi. N Summit Lake, Alaska Highway, 3300 ft., 3 (NMC); Giscome, 1 (USBS); Ootsa Lake, 3 (PM); Inverness, mouth Skeena River, 1 (USBS); W end Eutsuk Lake, 1 (PM); Wapiti, head of Middle Branches River, 1 (USBS); Hagensborg, 15 (NMC); Stuie, Cariboo Mtn., 4700 ft., 2 (NMC); Rainbow Mts., Mt. Brilliant, 5000 ft., 10 (NMC); N 7 Wistaria P. O., 13 (NMC); Mt. McLean, Lillooet, 1 (PM); Mt. Robson P. O., Mt. Robson Park, 1 (MVZ); Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville, 42 (29 MVZ; 18 PM); Cottonwood P. O., 2 (MVZ); Mt. Revelstoke, 3400 ft., 6 (PM); Glacier, 1 (ROM).

YUKON: Rose River, mile 95 on Canol Road, 1 (NMC).

Marginal records.--Yukon: Rose River, mile 95 on Canol Road, British Columbia; McDame Post, Dease River; Charlie Lake, Fort St. John; Tupper Creek; Wapiti, head of Middle Branches River; Mt. Robson P. O., Mt. Robson Park; Mt. Revelstoke, 3400 ft.; Cottonwood P. O.; Rainbow Mts., Mt. Brilliant, 5000 ft.; Inverness, mouth Skeena River. Alaska: Taku River. British Columbia: Atlin.

=Zapus princeps utahensis= Hall

Zapus princeps utahensis Hall, Occ. papers, Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 296:3, November 2, 1934.

Jaculus Hudsonius, J. A. Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 6:65, April, 1874 (part--the part concerning Great Salt Lake Valley, Utah).

Zapus princeps princeps, Wolfe, Jour. Mamm., 91:154, May 9, 1928.

Zapus princeps idahoensis, Davis, Recent Mammals of Idaho, Caxton Printers, Caldwell, Idaho, p. 341, April 5, 1939 (part--the part from southeast Idaho).

Type.--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 59153, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan; Beaver Creek, 19 mi. S Manila, Daggett County, Utah; obtained on July 16, 1928, by A. and R. D. Svihla, original No. 176.

Range.--Southeastern Idaho and extreme western Wyoming (Teton, Snake, and Uinta Mt's) southward through Uinta, Wasatch, Oquirrh, and Beaver Mt's of Utah. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Canadian, and Hudsonian.

Description.--Size, large; back from Cinnamon-Buff to Warm Buff overlaid with black hairs; sides lighter with less admixture of black hairs; lateral line indistinct, sometimes wanting; tail bicolored, brownish-black above, white to yellowish-white beneath; feet grayish-white above; ventral surface white to base of hairs; ears dark, edged with white to yellowish-white; skull large; palatal bridge relatively short; upper tooth-rows diverging anteriorly; occipitonasal length great; interorbital region broad; zygomata widely bowed; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molars; mastoid width great.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps princeps, Z. p. utahensis differs in: color dorsally and laterally less ochraceous, lacking broad lateral line; skull larger in every part measured, excepting length of palatal bridge and breadth of palate at M3; zygomata more bowed; upper tooth-rows more divergent anteriorly; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior border of last molars.

Compared with Zapus princeps cinereus, Z. p. utahensis differs as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts darker, Cinnamon-Buff not Pinkish-Buff; incisive foramina wider posteriorly; palate wider; zygomata more robust.

For comparison with Zapus princeps idahoensis see account of that subspecies.

Remarks.--Zapus princeps utahensis most closely resembles the several subspecies in the Great Basin in its large size, widely bowed zygomata, and posteriorly broadened incisive foramina. Intergradation between Z. p. utahensis and Zapus princeps cinereus, geographically the nearest of the Great Basin subspecies, is not known. Intergradation in color and cranial characters occurs between Zapus princeps idahoensis and Z. p. utahensis in specimens from 17 mi. E and 4 mi. N of Ashton, Idaho. All these specimens are, however, referable to Z. p. idahoensis. Animals from 9 mi. SE Irwin and from 3 mi. SW Victor, Idaho, resemble Z. p. utahensis in most differential characters (dorsally ochraceous, lateral line more distinct, incisive foramina large, palate broad anteriorly, auditory bullae less inflated), and are here referred to Z. p. utahensis. A series of specimens from the head of Crow Creek, Idaho, were considered by Davis (1939:340) to be intergrades between Z. p. idahoensis and Z. p. utahensis; he thought that the specimens were more nearly like Z. p. utahensis in color, but cranially (80 per cent in average ratio of anterior width of palate to posterior width of palate), more nearly like Z. p. idahoensis, to which subspecies he referred them. I have examined these specimens and find them to be more nearly like Z. p. utahensis not only in color but in cranial characters as well. For example, the average ratio obtained by me for anterior width of palate to posterior width of palate is 72 per cent, rather than 80 per cent as given by Davis (loc. cit.). Other cranial characters, size of the incisive foramina, shape of the foramen magnum, and shape of the auditory bullae, indicate relationship with Z. p. utahensis to which they are here referred. Two immature individuals from Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. E Preston, Idaho, considered to be Z. p. idahoensis by Davis (op. cit.:341), also are here referred to Z. p. utahensis.

Specimens examined.--Total, 178, distributed as follows:

IDAHO: Bonnerville County: 9 mi. SE Irwin, 6400 ft., 3. Caribou Co.: Head Crow Creek, Preuss Mts., 7500 ft., 6 (USBS). Franklin County: Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. NE Preston, 6700 ft., 2 (MVZ). Teton County: 3 mi. SE Victor, 6 (MVZ).

UTAH: Beaver County: Puffer Lake, 1 (UU). Daggett County: junction Deep Creek and Carter Creek, 7900 ft., 2 (UU). Duchesne Co.: Currant Creek, Uinta Forest, 2 (USBS). Morgan Co.: exact locality not given, 1 (UU). Rich County: 12 mi. SW Woodruff, 1 (MVZ). Salt Lake County: Lambs Canyon, 2 mi. above Parleys Canyon, 7000 ft., 1 (UU); head Lambs Canyon, 9000 ft., 3 (UU); Salamander Lake and Lambs Canyon, 9000 ft., 11 (UU); "The Firs," Mill Creek Canyon, 2 (UU); Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8700 ft., Cottonwood Canyon, 1 (UU); Brighton, Big Cottonwood Canyon, 8000 ft., 1 (UU); 1 mi. above Alta, 4 (UU); Butterfield Canyon, approximately 5 mi. above Butterfield Tunnel, 3 (UU). Sanpete Co.: 8 mi. E Fairview and 5 mi. S Mammoth R. S., Manti Nat'l Forest, 9000 ft., 1 (USBS); Baldy R. S., Manti Nat'l Forest, 1 (UU); Ephraim, 8850 ft., 1 (USBS). Summit County: Henrys Fork, Uinta Mts., 8000 ft., 4 (UU); 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9300 ft., 3. Uintah County: 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, 10,050 ft., 1. Utah County: Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 12 mi. SE Payson, Mt. Nebo, 12 (UU); 1 mi. E Payson Lake, 8300 ft., Mt. Nebo, 3 (UU). Wasatch County: Provo River, 3 mi. N Soapstone R. S., Wasatch Nat'l Forest, 1 (UU).

WYOMING: Lincoln County: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5650 ft., 37. Teton County: 1/4 mi. E Moran, 6700 ft., 4; Bar B. G. Ranch, 6500 ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 11; Moose, 6225 ft., 1. Uinta County: 2 mi. E Robertson, 7200 ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8000 ft., 21; 9 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E Robertson, 8000 ft., 1; 9-1/2 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8700 ft., 18; 10-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 8900 ft., 1; 13 mi. S and 1 mi. E Robertson, 9000 ft., 4; 5 mi. E Lonetree, 1 (ROM).

Marginal records.--Wyoming: 1/4 mi. E Moran, 6700 ft.; 2 mi. E Robertson, 7200 ft. Utah: junction Deep Creek and Carter Creek, 7900 ft.; Paradise Park, 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, 10,500 ft.; Ephraim, 8500 ft.; Puffer Lake; Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 12 mi. SE Payson, Mt. Nebo; Butterfield Canyon, approximately 5 mi. above Butterfield Tunnel. Idaho: Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. NE Preston, 6700 ft.; 3 mi. SW Victor.

=Zapus hudsonius= (Zimmerman)

(Synonymy under subspecies)

Range.--From Pacific Coast of Alaska eastward to Atlantic Coast; from northern limit of tree-growth south into central Colorado and northeastern parts of Oklahoma and Georgia. See fig. 47.

Guide to subspecies

1. Z. h. acadicus 6. Z. h. hudsonius 2. Z. h. alascensis 7. Z. h. intermedius 3. Z. h. americanus 8. Z. h. ladas 4. Z. h. campestris 9. Z. h. pallidus 5. Z. h. canadensis 10. Z. h. preblei 6. Z. h. hudsonius 11. Z. h. tenellus]