Part 18

Specimens examined.--Total, 264, distributed as follows:

CALIFORNIA: Alpine County: Carson River, 1/4 mi. SW Woodfords, 5700 ft., 3 (MVZ); Diamond Valley, 5500 ft., 1 mi. SE Woodfords, 6 (MVZ); Faith Valley, 1 (MVZ). El Dorado County: Glen Alpine Creek, near Fallen Leaf Lake, 6600 ft., 8 (MVZ); 1 mi. W Fyffe, 1 (MVZ); Fresno County: Hume, 1 (MVZ). Mariposa County: Chinquapin, 6700 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park, 12 (MVZ); E fork Indian Canyon, 7300 ft., 8 (MVZ); Merced Grove, Big Trees, 7 (MVZ); 1 mi. E Merced Lake, 5 (MVZ); near Mono Meadow, Yosemite Nat'l Park, 4 (MVZ); near Mt. Hoffman, 8100 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park, 5 (MVZ); Porcupine Flat, 8100 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park, 9 (MVZ); Yosemite Creek, Yosemite Valley, 7 (MVZ); foot Yosemite Falls, Yosemite Nat'l Park, 8 (MVZ). Mono County: Walker Lake, 8000 ft., 5 (MVZ); Swager Canyon, 7800 ft., 3; Mono Lake P. O. 6500 ft., 4 (MVZ). Placer Co.: Truckee River, Squaw Creek, 1 (SDM); W bank Truckee River, 1 (MVZ). Plumas County: Rich Gulch, 3850 ft., 11 mi. W and 8 mi. N Quincy, 2 (MVZ). Shasta County: Warner Creek, 8000 ft., Lassen Peak, 6 (MVZ). Siskiyou Co.: Donomore Meadow, 5800 ft., 15 mi. W Hilt, 7 (MVZ); Poker Flat, 5000 ft., 12 mi. NW Happy Camp, 7 (MVZ); Little Shasta, 1 (USBS); Siskiyou Mts., 6000 ft., 2 (USBS); Sisson, 1 (SDM); Mt. Shasta, 6500 ft., 6 (MVZ). Salmon River Divide, 2 (MVZ); S fork Salmon River, 5000 ft., 7 (MVZ). Tehama County: 2 mi. W Black Butte, on Lassen Rd., 6800 ft., 5 (MVZ); 2 mi. E Mineral, 5200 ft., 2 (MVZ); 2 mi. S Yolla Bolly Mtn., 11 (MVZ). Trinity Co.: N fork Coffee Creek, 4500 ft., 34 (MVZ); Canyon Creek, 4 (USBS); 8 mi. NE Hyampon, 2900 ft., 1 (MVZ); 3 mi. NNW Mad River Bridge, 2900 ft., South Fork Mtn., 5 (MVZ); 1-1/2 mi. N Mad River Bridge, 3000 ft., South Fork Mtn., 6 (MVZ); 1 mi. SW North Yolla Bolly Mtn., 14 (11 MVZ); 1/2 mi. S South Yolla Bolly Mtn., 3 (MVZ). Tulare County: Jordan Hot Springs, Sierra Nevada Mts., 6700 ft., 9 (MVZ); Sherman Creek, Sequoia Nat'l Park, 1 (MVZ); Tokopah Valley, 7000 ft., Sequoia Nat'l Park, 1 (MVZ); 2 mi. E Kern Peak, 9300 ft., Sierra Nevada Mts., 1 (MVZ). Tuolumne County: head Lyle Canyon, Yosemite Nat'l Park, 10,000 ft., 9 (MVZ); Tuolumne Meadows, 8600 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park, 1 (MVZ).

NEVADA: Douglas County: 1/2 mi. E Zephyr Cove, Lake Tahoe, 6400 ft., 1 (MVZ). Ormsby County: S end Marlette Lake, 8000 ft., 2 (MVZ); 1/2 mi. S Marlette Lake, 8150 ft., 3 (MVZ). Washoe County: 1/2 mi. S Mt Rose, 9500 ft., 3 (2 MVZ); 3 mi. S Mt. Rose, 8500 ft., 3 (MVZ).

OREGON: Jackson Co.: Prospect, 3 (2 USBS, 1 MVZ); W slope Grizzly Peak, 4600 ft., 1 (USBS); Siskiyou, 1 (USBS); Longs Camp, N base Ashland Peak, 3300 ft., 1 (USBS).

Marginal records.--Oregon: Prospect. Nevada: 3 mi. S Mt. Rose, 8500 ft.; 1/2 mi. E Zephyr Cove, Lake Tahoe, 6400 ft. California: Mono Lake P. O., 6500 ft.; 2 mi. E Kern Peak, 9300 ft., Sierra Nevada Mts.; Rich Gulch, 3850 ft., 11 mi. W and 8 mi. N Quincy; Warner Creek, 8000 ft., Lassen Peak; 2 mi. S Yolla Bolly Mtn.; 8 mi. NE Hyampon, 2900 ft.; Siskiyou Mts., 6000 ft.; Poker Flat, 5000 ft., 12 mi. NW Happy Camp.

=Zapus princeps princeps= J. A. Allen

Zapus princeps J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:71-72, April 28, 1893; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899.

Type.--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 5260/4140, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Florida, La Plata County, Colorado; obtained on June 27, 1892, by Charles P. Rowley.

Range.--Sierra Madre, Medicine Bow, Laramie, and Big Horn mountains of Wyoming southward through Colorado into the Taos and San Juan mountains in northern New Mexico. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Canadian and Hudsonian.

Description.--Size, medium; back dark usually with broad mid-dorsal band of black mixed with Warm Buff or Ochraceous-Buff; sides light (Warm Buff) but varying to Ochraceous-Buff, always with admixture of black hair; lateral line distinct and broad, varying from Light Ochraceous-Buff to Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface white to base of hairs, frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears edged with white or yellowish-white; skull medium; large medial projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary; palate moderately long; postpalatal notch usually broadly rounded and posterior to posterior part of last molar; proximal part of inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary broad; pterygoid fossae broad; auditory bullae moderately inflated.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps luteus, Z. p. princeps differs as follows: Total length, tail and hind foot longer; color darker, being less ochraceous; ears darker, edged with white or yellowish-white instead of Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line more distinct; skull larger, except least interorbital breadth which is smaller; auditory bullae larger, more inflated; pterygoid fossae larger; incisive foramina broader, longer, and posteriorly more truncate; nasals broader, tapering less distally.

From Zapus princeps idahoensis, Z. p. princeps differs in: Size larger; darker with more Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line much more distinct; underparts frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff rather than seldom so; skull larger as regards length of palatal bridge, length of zygomatic arch, and width of proximal part of inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary; pterygoid fossae broader; medial projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary large instead of reduced or absent; postpalatal notch usually anterior to, or on a plane with, posterior face of last molars rather than posterior to same.

Remarks.--This subspecies retains most of its diagnostic characters in all parts of its geographic range. An individual from the type locality, Florida, Colorado, resembles Zapus princeps luteus in color, but cranially is most nearly like Z. p. princeps. A specimen from Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico, a locality 25 miles north of, and in homogeneous habitat with, El Rito, New Mexico, from which specimens of Z. p. luteus are known, shows resemblance to the latter in some cranial characters (see account of Zapus princeps luteus) but is most nearly like Z. p. princeps to which it is referred.

Animals from Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, Wyoming, which are here referred to Z. p. princeps, show intergradation with Zapus princeps idahoensis, being similar in size of pterygoid fossae, breadth of postpalatal notch, and in size and degree of inflation of the auditory bullae, but differ in color and in other cranial characters. Specimens from 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft., Montana, which lack the distinct lateral line and ventral suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff, are here referred to Z. p. idahoensis.

Specimens examined.--Total, 344, distributed as follows:

COLORADO: Archuleta County: upper Navajo River, 5 (CMNH); Navajo River, 6 (CMNH). Boulder Co.: 12-1/2 mi. S Estes Park, 2; 3 mi. S Ward, 3; Gold Hill, 1 (USBS); 7 mi. NW Nederland's, 2 (UM); 3 mi. E Pine Cliff, 3 (CMNH). Chaffee County: 1-1/2 mi. S Monarch, 10,500 ft., 2 (OKLA). Conejos Co.: Antonito, 1 (USBS); 5 mi. S and 24 mi. W Antonito, 9600 ft., 2. Costilla Co.: 7 mi. SE Russell, 9200 ft., 1 (MVZ); Fort Garland, 6 (USBS). El Paso County: Minnehaha, Half Way, 5 (UM). Grand Co.: Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park, 5 (UM). Gunnison County: Gothic, 10 (8 OKLA; 2 USBS); Major Creek, foot of Monarch Pass, 1 (OKLA). Jackson Co.: Arapahoe Pass, Rabbit Ear Mts., 1 (USBS). La Plata Co.: 7 mi. N Florida, Florida River, 7146 ft., 8 (MVZ); Florida, 6500 ft., 11 (1 FM; 9 AMNH). Larimer Co.: Elkhorn, 7000 ft., 1 (USBS); 19-1/2 mi. W and 2-1/2 mi. S Loveland, 7300 ft., 3. Mineral Co.: Wasson Ranch, Creede, 1; 3 mi. E Creede, 1; 23 mi. S and 11 mi. E Creede, 9300 ft., 5. Rio Blanco Co.: 9-1/2 mi. SW Pagoda Peak, 7700 ft., 5; Meeker, 1 (USBS). Rio Grande County: Rock Creek Camping Area, 1 (OKLA). Saguache Co.: Saguache Park, Cochetopa Forest, 1 (USBS); 22 mi. W Saguache, 1 (MVZ); 20 mi. S Saguache, Cochetopa Pass, 1 (USBS). San Juan County: 6-1/2 mi. SW Silverton, 4.

NEW MEXICO: Rio Arriba Co.: Tierra Amarilla, 1 (USBS). Taos Co.: Hondo Canyon, 8200 ft., west slope Taos Mts., 1 (USBS); east slope Taos Mts., 8800 ft., 1 (USBS).

WYOMING: Albany County: 32 mi. N and 12-1/2 mi. E Laramie, 6080 ft., 1; 30 mi. N and 10 mi. E Laramie, 6760 ft., 1; 29 mi. N and 8-3/4 mi. E Laramie, 6420 ft., 6; 2 mi. S Browns Peak, 10,600 ft., 2; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 8; 8 mi. E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8600 ft., 2; 8 mi. E and 6 mi. S Laramie, 8500 ft., 1; 1 mi. ESE Pole Mtn., 8350 ft., 2; 1-1/2 mi. ESE Pole Mtn., 8200 ft., 1; 2 mi. SE Pole Mtn., 8300 ft., 3; Centennial, 8120 ft., 1. Big Horn County: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 36; 12 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 7500 ft., 13; 17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9000 ft., 1; 17-1/2 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S Shell, 9100 ft., 6. Carbon County: Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7500 ft., 6; Lake Marie, Medicine Bow Nat'l Forest, 10,400 ft., 6; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 5; 10 mi. N and 10 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 1; 10 mi. N and 12 mi. E Encampment, 7200 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft., 28; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Encampment, 2; 8 mi. N and 8 mi. E Encampment, 8900 ft., 1; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 5; 8 mi. N and 14-1/2 mi. E Encampment, 8100 ft., 12; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft., 6; 8 mi. N and 22 mi. E Encampment, 10,000 ft., 1; 8 mi. N and 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8800 ft., 12; 8 mi. N and 20 mi. E Savery, 8800 ft., 1; 7-1/2 mi. N and 18 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft., 2; 7-1/2 mi. N and 18-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft., 1; 7 mi. N and 18 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 13-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft., 6; 6 mi. N and 14 mi. E Savery, 8350 ft., 6; 4 mi. N and 8 mi. E Savery, 7300 ft., 1. Converse County: 21 mi. S and 24 mi. W Douglas, 7400 ft., 6; 21 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7400 ft., 3; 21-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 15; 22-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft., 1; 23 mi. S and 25 mi. W Douglas, 7800 ft., 7. Johnson County: 6-1/2 mi. W and 2 mi. S Buffalo, 5700 ft., 4; 5-1/2 mi. W and 1-1/2 mi. S Buffalo, 5520 ft., 3; 5-1/2 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 4800 ft., 1; 1 mi. W and 4/5 mi. S Buffalo, 4800 ft., 1. Laramie County: 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 3. Natrona County: 2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6370 ft., 2. Washakie County: 9 mi. E and 5 mi. N Tensleep, 7400 ft., 2; 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7000 ft., 5.

Marginal records.--Wyoming: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell; 21 mi. S and 24 mi. W Douglas, 7400 ft.; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O. Colorado: Gold Hill; Minnehaha. New Mexico: E slope Taos Mts.; Tierra Amarilla. Colorado: Florida; 6-1/2 mi. SW Silverton; Meeker. Wyoming: Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. W Rawlins, 7500 ft.

=Zapus princeps saltator= J. A. Allen

Zapus saltator J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:3-4, March 4, 1899; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:31, August 8, 1899.

Zapus princeps, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899 (part--the part from Glacier, British Columbia).

Zapus hudsonius, Kermode and Anderson, Rep. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist. for 1913:21, 1914.

Zapus princeps saltator, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:10, April 10, 1931.

Type.--Female, subadult, skin and skull, No. 14408, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Telegraph Creek, British Columbia; obtained on August 23, 1897, by A. J. Stone.

Range.--Southern Yukon and southeastern Alaska south in British Columbia, to Bella Coola Inlet and Glacier. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Canadian and Hudsonian.

Description.--Size medium; back near Ochraceous-Buff, overlaid with black hairs forming dark dorsal band thickly flecked with ochraceous; sides lighter than back; lateral line usually distinct; belly pure white, sometimes faintly suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, dark above and grayish-white below; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with yellowish-white or Ochraceous-Buff; incisive foramina long, broad posteriorly; palatal bridge relatively short; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior border of last molars; proximal part of inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary without enlarged median projection; zygomatic arch short.

Comparisons.--For comparison with Zapus princeps kootenayensis and Zapus princeps idahoensis see accounts of those subspecies.