Part 16

Zapus hudsonius campestris, Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 49:117, January 8, 1927 (part).

Type.--Adult female, skin and skull, No. 73673, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Wingard, near Carlton House, Saskatchewan; obtained on July 23, 1895, by J. Alden Loring, original No. 3123.

Range.--Most of southern half of Saskatchewan and Alberta, northeastern Montana southeastward to Aweme, Manitoba, and Webster, South Dakota. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Hudsonian, and Canadian.

Description.--Size, small; back dark, usually with a distinct mid-dorsal band of black mixed with Warm Buff; sides lighter, more yellowish, but always with an admixture of black hairs; lateral line distinct, near Ochraceous-Buff, ventral surface characteristically suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored, grayish-white to yellowish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears dark, edged with white or yellowish-white; skull small; postpalatal notch often anterior to posterior part of molars; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary often with well developed medial projection; auditory bullae flattened; nasals narrower anteriorly and proximal third depressed; base of zygomatic process of squamosal broad.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps princeps, Z. p. minor differs as follows: Size averaging smaller in all measurements taken, except least interorbital constriction which is approximately the same; color dorsally and laterally more yellowish, less Ochraceous-Buff; ventrally greater suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff.

For comparison with Zapus princeps idahoensis see account of that subspecies.

Remarks.--This geographic race is notably stable and retains most of its diagnostic characters throughout nearly all parts of its range. Intergradation occurs with Zapus princeps idahoensis at various localities in Montana, as is described in more detail in the account of idahoensis. Crowe (1943:406) gives evidence of intergradation between Zapus princeps idahoensis and Z. p. minor in specimens from Entrance in western Alberta. Crowe (loc. cit.) described these individuals as intermediate in color (lateral line present, under parts washed with buff, sides and dorsal stripe rich in ochraceous), and in cranial characters (smaller skulls, anteriorly narrower nasals, shorter more deflected rostrum, and higher cranium); but he considered them closer to Z. p. minor.

A skin without skull from Kananaskis Valley, Alberta, shows intergradation between Z. p. idahoensis and Z. p. minor. This individual is like Z. p. idahoensis in dorsal and lateral coloring, but is nearer Z. p. minor in ventral coloring and in the presence of a distinct lateral line. External measurements provide basis for tentatively assigning the skin to Z. p. minor.

Specimens examined.--Total, 118, distributed as follows:

ALBERTA: 4 mi. N Marinville, 2; Blindman River, 1 (USBS); Camrose, 1 (ROM); Red Deer River, 1 (USBS); Didsbury, Little Red Deer River, 1 (ROM); Kananaskis Valley, 7000 ft., 1 (ROM); High River, 2 (ROM); Lodge Creek, 2 (NMC).

MANITOBA: Shoal Lake, 6 (NMC); Oak Lake, 4 (NMC); Aweme, 7 (6 ROM; 1 USBS).

MONTANA: Chouteau County: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy, 3 (UM). Hill Co.: Fort Assiniboine, 1 (USBS); Bear Paw Mt's, 20 mi. SE Fort Assiniboine, 4 (USBS); head Eagle Creek, Bear Paw Mt's, 7 (UM). Valley Co.: Glasgow, 1 (USBS).

NORTH DAKOTA: Benson Co.: 4 mi. W Leeds, 1400 ft., 2; 2 mi. W Fort Totten, 1400 ft., 13; Fort Totten, 4 (USBS). Bottineau Co.: 4-8/10 mi. N Bottineau, 2100 ft., 2; 3-1/2 mi. N Bottineau, 1920 ft., 2; 2-1/10 mi. N Bottineau, 1800 ft., 3; Bottineau, 1 (USBS). Dickey Co.: Oakes, 3 (USBS). Grand Forks Co.: Larimore, 3 (USBS). Montrail Co.: 6 mi. N Lostwood, 2 (USBS). Nelson Co.: Stump Lake, 1 (USBS). Richland Co.: Lidgerwood, 1 (USBS); 4 mi. S Blackner, (USBS). Rolette Co.: St. John, 1 (USBS). Sargent County: 7-1/5 mi. E and 1-1/5 mi. S Oakes, 1200 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Cayuga, 1000 ft., 2. Walsh Co.: Grafton, 2. Ward Co.: Minot, 3 (CMNH). Williams Co.: Grinnell, 2 (USBS); Buford, 2 (USBS).

SASKATCHEWAN: Wingard, near Carlton House, 2 (USBS); Fort Carlton, 1 (MVZ); Indian Head, 2 (USBS); Cypress Hills, N Maple Creek, 18 (NMC); Battle Creek, 1 (NMC).

SOUTH DAKOTA: Day Co.: Webster, 1 (Chic. AS).

Marginal records.--Saskatchewan: Wingard, near Carlton House; Fort Carlton. Manitoba: Shoal Lake; Aweme. North Dakota: Larimore; 4 mi. S Blackner. South Dakota: Webster. North Dakota: Oakes; Grinnell. Montana: Eagle Creek, 25 mi. SE Big Sandy. Alberta: High River; Kananaskis Valley, 2000 ft.; Red Deer River; Blindman River; 4 mi. N Marinville.

=Zapus princeps oregonus= Preble

Zapus princeps oregonus Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:24, August 8, 1899.

Zapus major Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:24, August 8, 1899, type from Warner Mt's, Lake County, Oregon.

Zapus princeps major, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:10, April 10, 1931.

Zapus nevadensis Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:25, August 8, 1899, type from Ruby Mt's, Elko County, Nevada.

Zapus princeps nevadensis, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:10, April 10, 1931.

Zapus princeps palatinus Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool., 37:8, April 10, 1931, type from Wisconsin Creek, 7800 ft., Toyabe Mt's, Nye County, Nevada.

Zapus princeps princeps, Anthony, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 33:17, March 17, 1913.

Type.--Male, adult, skin and skull; No. 78156, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll.; Elgin, Blue Mountains, Union Co., Oregon; obtained on May 29, 1896, by Edward A. Preble, original No. 959.

Range.--Southeastern Washington, eastern Oregon east of Cascades, northeastern California, central and northeastern Nevada, and southwestern Idaho. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition and Canadian.

Description.--Size large; back from near Light Ochraceous-Buff to near Cinnamon-Buff, usually overlaid with black hairs forming broad dorsal band, which in some individuals is almost black; sides lighter than back, from near Light Pinkish-Cinnamon to near Cinnamon-Buff and Ochraceous-Buff, often with black hairs interspersed; lateral line faintly marked or wanting; belly pure white; tail bicolored, grayish-brown above and grayish-white to yellowish-white below; ears dark, edged with color of sides; palatal bridge long; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary usually with median projection; auditory bullae relatively small; incisive foramina greatly enlarged posteriorly; tooth-rows divergent anteriorly; nasals narrow posteriorly.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps curtatus, Z. p. oregonus differs as follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts darker; tooth-rows more divergent anteriorly; palatal bridge longer; mastoid region broader; incisive foramina relatively wider posteriorly.