Part 15

Type.--Adult female, skin and skull, No. 10,020, Nat. Mus. Canada; near summit of Green Mountain, head of Murphy Creek, about 10 miles north of Rossland, West Kootenay district, British Columbia, at about, 6000 ft.; latitude 49° 13' north, longitude 117° 52' west; obtained on July 18, 1929, by R. M. Anderson, original No. 24.

Range.--From Glacier in the Selkirk Range, British Columbia, south to 5 mi. W Cocolalla, Bonner County, Idaho, west and north to Sullivan Lake, Pend Oreille County, Washington; and northwestward to Manning Park on the eastern summit of the Cascade Range in British Columbia. See fig. 46.

Description.--Size, medium; color moderately dark; upper parts noticeably dull and dusty; broad dorsal band of dull Ochraceous-Buff to near Warm Buff sprinkled with black hair to a varying degree, resulting in two color phases (dark has more black hair; Ochraceous phase or Warm Buff phase has more brown hair); sides paler than back owing to fewer black hairs; lateral line, when present, narrow and dull; ventral surface pure white; tail bicolored, pale brown above, yellowish-white to dull white below; ears dark with narrow white or yellowish-white edgings; feet white above; skull narrow across zygomata; incisive foramina narrow; bullae moderately inflated; nasals narrow at tips; postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molars; braincase moderately narrow; zygomatic arch short.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps saltator, Z. p. kootenayensis differs as follows: Upper parts generally dull with less ochraceous; sides with more yellow, less ochraceous; lateral line wanting or not bright; skull averaging slightly smaller; incisive foramina smaller and narrower posteriorly; small medium projection on inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of maxillary frequently present instead of absent; pterygoid fossae shorter and narrower.

For comparison with Zapus princeps idahoensis see account of that subspecies.

Remarks.--This subspecies is paler and averages smaller than either of the subspecies with adjoining geographic ranges. There is intergradation with Zapus princeps idahoensis in color, shape and size of incisive foramina, and in the shape of the nasals in Idaho-taken specimens from Glidden Lakes and Enaville. These individuals are thought to be Z. p. idahoensis. Specimens from the same state taken at Cascade Creek and 13 mi. E and 5 mi. N Coeur d'Alene show intergradation in color, size and inflation of bullae, configuration of nasals, and shape of the vomer between Zapus princeps idahoensis and Z. p. kootenayensis. The majority of characters studied show these animals to be referable to Z. p. idahoensis.

Specimens from Monashee Pass, 4000 ft., British Columbia, show relationship to Zapus princeps saltator in the posteriorly wide incisive foramina, in the narrow vomer, and, in some individuals, in the increased amount of ochraceous, dorsally and laterally. The majority of characters studied show these animals to be referable to Z. p. kootenayensis.

The animals available from Glacier, British Columbia, are in color more nearly like Z. p. saltator and cranially combine the characters of Z. p. idahoensis, Z. p. saltator, and Z. p. kootenayensis. The sum total of their characters places them with Z. p. saltator. Anderson (1932:108) remarks on the disparity of size between the two sexes of Z. p. kootenayensis, stating that females are considerably larger than males. I have examined most of the material used in the original description and find that animals of like age in the two sexes show no significant size difference. Anderson (loc. cit.) seems to have compared young males with adult females.

Specimens examined.--Total, 68, distributed as follows:

BRITISH COLUMBIA: Manning Park, 3 (PM); Good Fellow Creek, Manning Park, 1 (PM); Mt. Beaver Valley, 6300 ft., Manning Park, 1 (PM); Timberline Valley, 6500 ft., 3 (PM); Allison Pass, 1 mi. E Manning Park, 1 (PM); Monashee Pass, 4000 ft., 13 (PM); Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft., 1 (NMC); Hedley, Stirling Creek, 1 (NMC); Anarchist Mts., 1 (PM); Fairview-Keremeos Summit, 5 (NMC); Westbridge, 2 (NMC); Midway, 2 (NMC); Green Mtn., near Rossland, 6000 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ); Mt. Old Glory, 7000 ft., Rossland, 5 (4 NMC, 1 MVZ); Rossland, 5800 ft., 12 (11 NMC, 1 MVZ); Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE of Yahk, 1 (NMC).

IDAHO: Bonner County: 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft., 2 (MVZ). Boundary County: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft., 2 (MVZ).

Marginal records.--British Columbia: Monashee Pass, 4000 ft.; Camp 6, Meadow Creek, 7 mi. SE Yahk. Idaho: 4 mi. W Meadow Creek, 3000 ft.; 5 mi. W Cocolalla, 3500 ft. British Columbia: Hope-Princeton Summit, 5500 ft.; Manning Park.

=Zapus princeps luteus= Miller

Zapus luteus, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 24:253, December 23, 1911.

Zapus luteus australis, Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:132, May 21, 1913. Type from Socorro, Socorro County, New Mexico.

Type.--Female, adult, skin and skull, No. 133601, U. S. Nat. Mus. Biol. Surv. Coll., Espanola, 5000 ft., Rio Arriba Co., New Mexico; obtained on June 24, 1904, by McClure Surber, original No. 162.

Range.--White Mt's of southern Apache County and northern Greenlee County, Arizona; in New Mexico, from the Sacramento Mt's, Otero County, northward to the San Juan Mt's, Rio Arriba County. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Lower Sonoran (1 individual), Upper Sonoran, Transition, and Canadian.

Description.--Size, small; back near Ochraceous-Buff, having black hair interspersed; mid-dorsal band not always well marked; sides Ochraceous-Buff with fine admixture of black hair; lateral line blending with Ochraceous-Buff of sides, not distinct; ventral surface white to base of hairs, in some cases lightly suffused with color of sides; tail indistinctly bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and brown above; hind feet grayish-white above; ears brownish, narrowly edged with Ochraceous-Buff; skull small; antorbital foramina relatively large; interorbital region broad; inferior ramus of the zygomatic process of the maxillary broad, often with medial projection; incisive foramina narrow posteriorly becoming broadly rounded anteriorly; palatal bridge relatively long; pterygoid fossae narrow; zygomatic arches relatively robust; nasals tapering at each end.

Comparisons.--From Zapus princeps princeps, Z, p. luteus differs as follows: Size, smaller; color lighter, more Ochraceous-Buff; ears lighter, edged with Ochraceous-Buff as compared with white or yellowish-white; lateral line indistinct or wanting as opposed to distinct; dorsal stripe not well defined; interorbital region broader; antorbital foramina relatively larger; zygomatic arches more robust; nasals tapering at each end as opposed to parallel sided; auditory bullae smaller, less inflated.

Remarks.--The characters of this subspecies are relatively stable throughout most of its geographic range. Hall and Davis (1934:56) remarked that their material from the White Mountains of Arizona answered precisely to Miller's original description (1911:253) of the species, and my examination of these and other specimens from that area indicates the same thing except that the specimens average slightly darker mid-dorsally than those from New Mexico.

Zapus luteus australis, based on a single individual taken in a riparian thicket along the Rio Grande at Socorro, New Mexico, is referable to Z. p. luteus. The diagnostic characters, referred to in the original description, are as follows: Small, slender, and very narrow skull; especially narrow braincase; slender rostrum; and light dentition. These are expressions of age, rather than of geographic variation, in that the individual is a subadult (young of the year). The color, which is paler than in adults of Z. p. luteus, is almost identical with that of a subadult (No. 205585 USBS) from Alpine, Arizona. I can see no basis for recognition of Z. p. australis and the name, therefore, is placed as a synonym of Z. p. luteus.

Four specimens from 4 mi. NE El Rito, 7000 ft., New Mexico, show intergradation, in the shape of the nasals and incisive foramina, in the robustness of the zygomatic arch, and in the breadth of the braincase with a specimen of Zapus princeps princeps from Tierra Amarilla, New Mexico. In color and in external measurements as well as in other cranial characters they closely agree with typical Z. p. luteus and are here referred to the latter.

Specimens examined.--Total, 49, distributed as follows:

ARIZONA: Apache Co.: North Fork White River, White Mts., 24 (SDM); Alpine, 8500 ft., 6 (USBS); West Fork Black River, 7700 ft., 8 (MVZ); Greenlee County: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft., 2 (MVZ).

NEW MEXICO: Otero Co.: 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft., 2 (USBS). Rio Arriba Co.: 4 mi. NE of El Rito, 7000 ft., 4; Espanola, 5000 ft., 2 (USBS). Socorro Co.: Socorro, 1 (USBS).

Marginal records.--New Mexico: 4 mi. N El Rito, 7000 ft.; Espanola, 5000 ft.; 12 mi. E Cloudcroft, 7500 ft. Arizona: Hannagan Creek, 8200 ft.; W. Fork Black River, 7700 ft.; N. Fork White River, White Mts. New Mexico: Socorro.

=Zapus princeps minor= Preble

Zapus princeps minor Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899.