Section 1. Flowers in Unisexual Aments (_female Flowers of Juglans and

Quercus solitary or in spikes); ovary inferior (superior in Leitneriaceæ_) when a calyx is present.

V. Salicaceæ (p. 119). Flowers diœcious, without a calyx. Fruit a 2—4-valved capsule. Leaves simple, alternate, with stipules, deciduous. VI. Myricaceæ (p. 163). Flowers monœcious or diœcious; fruit a dry drupe, covered with waxy exudations; leaves simple, alternate, resinous-punctate, persistent. VII. Leitneriaceæ (p. 167). Flowers diœcious, the staminate without a calyx; ovary superior; fruit a compressed oblong drupe; leaves alternate, simple, without stipules, deciduous. VIII. Juglandaceæ (p. 168). Flowers monœcious; fruit a nut inclosed in an indehiscent (Juglans) or 4-valved (Carya) fleshy or woody shell; leaves alternate, unequally pinnate without stipules, deciduous. IX. Betulaceæ (p. 200). Flowers monœcious; fruit a nut at the base of an open leaf-like involucre (Carpinus), in a sack-like involucre (Ostrya), in the axil of a scale of an ament (Betula), or of a woody strobile (Alnus); leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, deciduous. X. Fagaceæ (p. 227). Flowers monœcious; fruit a nut more or less inclosed in a woody often spiny involucre; leaves alternate, simple, with stipules, deciduous (in some species of Quercus and in Castanopsis and Lithocarpus persistent).