Part I. P. 171.

Footnote 599:

Report of R. S. L., 1824, p. 21.

Footnote 600:

We might expressly wish to know a coat’s value in money or its value in cutlery or coals. The Professor at the Breakfast-table talks of “Madeira worth from two to six Bibles a bottle.”

Footnote 601:

Definitions (1827), p. 235.

Footnote 602:

I. e. to the object which measures that cost-value.

Footnote 603:

Ibid., p. 243.

Footnote 604:

See above, p. 254. Ricardo’s long correspondence with Malthus on the subject is mentioned by Empson, Edin. Rev., l. c. p. 469. Empson’s extracts from it are the most valuable part of his article.

Footnote 605:

R. Torrens, Production of Wealth, 1821, pp. iv, v.

Footnote 606:

Held, Sociale Geschichte Englands, p. 205.

Footnote 607:

Dialogues of Three Templars on Political Economy, 1824 (Works, Black, 1863, vol. iv.). All depends on the assumption in the middle of Dialogue I. p. 196, (“it is Mr. Ricardo’s doctrine that,” &c.), and on the confinement of the discussion to natural value (p. 198).

Footnote 608:

Measure of Value, p. 20 n.

Footnote 609:

London, 1832; Birmingham, 1833. The Constituent Assembly applied the same measure, but in a different way, in 1791. See Roscher, National-ökon. (1879), p. 298.

Footnote 610:

The words are, “enable the labourers to maintain a stationary or an increasing population” (Pol. Econ., 1836, p. 218). The awkwardness of the sentence may be due to bad editing; but we read elsewhere of the “price of wages.”

Footnote 611:

Pol. Econ., 1836, pp. 218, 223.

Footnote 612:

See Lassalle and Marx.

Footnote 613:

Cf. Malthus, Pol. Econ. (1836), pp. 224, 225, &c. Essay on Population, 7th ed., III viii. 323, but especially IV. xiii. 473. See also Rogers, Six Centuries, ch. viii., ‘The Famine and the Plague,’ especially pp. 233–242.

Footnote 614:

Malthus, Essay on Pop., IV. xiii. 473; cf. pp. 373 and 434.

Footnote 615:

Cf. especially Essay on Pop. (2nd ed.), III. ix. 444. “The price of labour has been rising—not to fall again.”

Footnote 616:

Emigr. Comm. (1827), p. 326, qu. 3411; cf. 3408, 3409. Cf. above, p. 197.

Footnote 617:

The chief of them being the rate of profits which is at the given time enough to induce the “undertaker” (or “enterpriser”) to continue business.

Footnote 618:

See Mill on Thornton’s ‘Labour,’ Fortnightly Review, May 1869. Cf. Walker on The Wages Question, pp. 140 seq.

Footnote 619:

So in Quarterly Review, Jan. 1824, p. 315, Malthus says profits depend rather on the demand for produce than on the demand for labour.

Footnote 620:

Discourse on Pol. Econ., by J. R. MacCulloch, pp. 61, 62 (1st and 2nd edd.), 1825.

Footnote 621:

Conversations on Pol. Econ., 1817 (1st and 2nd edd.), p. 137. Mrs. Marcet’s memory is preserved for latter-day readers by Macaulay’s reference to her in the essay on Milton.

Footnote 622:

Discourse, l. c. Cf. MacC.’s Pol. Econ., Pt. III. ch. ii. p. 378 (ed. 1843); Prof. Fawcett’s Manual of Pol. Econ., p. 131 (1876).

Footnote 623:

James Mill, Elem. (1821), p. 25; John Mill, Principles, II. xi. § 1. Cf. Fort. Rev., 1869, May; Thornton, Labour, II. i. p. 83.

Footnote 624:

Wealth of Nations, I. viii. p. 31, 2.

Footnote 625:

Ibid., IV. ix. 306, 1.

Footnote 626:

Ibid., IV. ix. 310, 2.

Footnote 627:

Ibid., V. i. 327, 2.

Footnote 628:

Pol. Econ., ed. 1836, ch. iv. sect. ii. p. 224.

Footnote 629:

Ibid. ed. 1820, ch. iv. p. 248.

Footnote 630:

Quarterly Review, Jan. 1824. Cf. below, p. 288.

Footnote 631:

Supplement to Encyclopædia Britannica. Cf. above, p. 71.

Footnote 632:

Empson in Edin. Rev., Jan. 1837, p. 496.

Footnote 633:

Quart. Rev., Jan. 1824 (no. lx.), pp. 333–4.

Footnote 634:

Ricardo, Pol. Econ. and Tax., ch. i. sections iv., v.; Works, pp. 20, 25. Cf. Malthus, Pol. Econ., 1820, p. 104, and the whole of