Part 9

less rough (e.g. Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Heliotropium):

stellate leaves (e.g. Asparagus, Galium).

HERBS CONSIDERED ACCORDING TO THEIR FLOWERS: "having no seed-vessel besides the Cup which covers the flower":

Herbs of Stamineous Flowers, "whose flower doth consist of threddy Filaments or Stamina, having no leaves besides the Perianthium: or those herbaceous leaves encompassing these stamina, which do not wither or fall away before the seed is ripe"; and not of grassy leaves, may be distributed into such whose seeds are

Triangular (Polygonaceae);

Round: "distinguishable by sex, of male and female; because from the same seed some plants are produced which bear flowers and no seeds, and others which bear seeds and no flowers" (e.g. Cannabis, Humulus, Mercurialis): not distinguishable by sex (e.g. Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceæ, Resedaceae).

Herbs having a Compound Flower not Pappous } } (Compositae). Pappous Herbs }

Umbelliferous Herbs (Umbelliferae, with Valeriana).

Verticillate Fruticose Herbs } } (Labiatae). Verticillate Not Fruticose Herbs }

Spicate Herbs (a curious medley, including Dipsacus, Eryngium, Echinops, Agrimonia, Circaea, Poterium Sanguisorba, Polygonum Persicaria, Trifolium stellatum, T. arvense, and Potamogeton angustifolium).

Herbs bearing Many Seeds together in a Cluster or Button (e.g. Geum, Potentilla, Anemone, Ranunculus, Adonis, Malva).

HERBS CONSIDERED ACCORDING TO THEIR SEED-VESSEL:

Of a divided Seed-vessel, which may be called Corniculate (Paeonia, Dictamnus, Delphinium, Aquilegia, Aconitum, Geranium, Scandix).

Of an entire Seed-vessel:

Siliquous: Papilionaceous Climbing Herbs } } (Papilionaceae). Papilionaceous Herbs not Climbing }

Not papilionaceous (mostly Cruciferae).

Capsulate: bearing Flowers of Five Leaves (Caryophyllaceae, Hypericaceae, Euphorbia, Linum, Lysimachia, Ruta, Nigella).

whose flowers consist of three or four Leaves (some Cruciferae, Epimedium, Papaver, Verbena, Statice, Veronica).

Campanulate Herbs:

climbing (most Cucurbitaceae and Convolvulaceae):

erect (Campanulaceae, some Solanaceae, Digitalis).

Not campanulate (Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Acanthaceae, Aristolochia, Vinca).

Bacciferous herbs: may be distinguished according to their Qualities:

Esculent fruit: more pleasant (Strawberry), less pleasant (Tomato).

Esculent root (Potato):

Malignant: of simple leaves (Nightshade, Mandrake), of compound leaves (Herb Christopher, Paris).

Or Manner of Growth:

being climbers (Bryonia, Tamus, Smilax):