Part 10

not climbers (Physalis Alkekengi, Cucubalus, Sambucus Ebulus).

OF SHRUBS.

I. Bacciferous Spinous Shrubs of Deciduous Leaves

(the genera Rubus and Rosa, Gooseberry, Sloe, Barberry, Rhamnus, Lycium).

II. Bacciferous Shrubs of Deciduous Leaves, not Spinous

(Vine, Currant, Bilberry, Viburnum, White Beam, Cornus, Prunus Padus, P. Mahaleb, Diospyros, Honeysuckle, Pepper, Daphne, Euonymus, Privet, Salicornia).

III. Bacciferous Sempervirent Shrubs

(Rhamnus Alaternus, Phillyraea, Arbutus, Daphne Laureola, Ruscus, Chamaerops humilis, Laurustinus, Juniper, Myrtle, Ivy, Mistletoe).

IV. Siliquous Shrubs

(Lilac, Cytisus, Colutea, Ulex, Genista, Mimosa).

V. Graniferous Deciduous Shrubs

(Vitex, Spiraea, Tamarix, Jasminum, Althaea, Elaeagnus, Clematis, Ampelopis).

VI. Graniferous Evergreen Shrubs

(Cistus, Oleander, Rosemary, Phlomis fruticosa, Erica, &c.).

OF TREES.

I. Pomiferous Trees (Apple, Pear, &c., Sorbus, Fig, Pomegranate, Orange, Lemon, Banana).

II. Pruniferous Trees (Peach, Plum, Cherry, &c., Olive, Date, Jujube).

III. Bacciferous Trees (Mulberry, Elder, Sumach, Celtis, Bay, Yew, Holly, Box, &c.).

IV. Nuciferous Trees (Walnut, Almond, Hazel, Castanea, Beech, Coco-Palm, Coffee, Cocoa, Cotton).

V. Glandiferous and Coniferous Trees (Oak, Alder, Larch, Cedar, Pine, Spruce, Cypress).

VI. Trees bearing their Seeds in Single Teguments or Coverings (Carob, Tamarind, Elm, Hornbeam, Maple, Poplar, Willow, Lime, Plane).

VII. Trees considered according to their Woods or Barks (Lignum Vitae, Snakewood, Sandal-wood, Log-wood, Cinnamon, Cinchona, &c.).

VIII. Trees considered according to their Gumms or Rosins (Myrrh, Gum Arabic, Copal, Benzoin, Liquidambar, Camphor).

Such is the classification of which Morison spoke so slightingly in the Dialogus: though the character of the leaf is not made so much of as his criticism implied. There is no need to dwell upon the strained relations that arose between Ray and Morison; it may suffice to say that Morison laid himself open to the charge of jealousy, and that Ray never forgave the criticisms, both written and oral, that Morison had made on him. Those who are interested in the unfortunate quarrel will find an account of it, with a most loyal apology for Morison, in Blair's Botanical Essays (1720). Ray may certainly be acquitted of plagiarism which is suggested by Blair, for he had no opportunity of studying Morison's system in its entirety: since, as already explained, it was not published in a complete form until the appearance of the Sciagraphia in 1720, long after Ray's death. When Ray wrote the Tables of Plants for Dr Wilkins, not even the Preludia Botanica had been published: the only work that he produced after the publication of both parts of Morison's Historia was the last edition of his Methodus Plantarum (1703) which displays principles of classification of which Morison had no conception.

The Tables of Plants does not illustrate any very definite principles. It was a tentative production, written to order: in fact, it appears (as explained in the preface to his Methodus emendata, 1703) that Ray, in writing it, was not free to follow what he really believed to be the order of Nature. It is interesting, however, as being the first systematic work published in England. The classification is based, to some extent, upon the character of the fruit, a principle borrowed, probably not from Morison but directly from Cesalpino. Before long it was superseded by a much more comprehensive and ambitious attempt, the Methodus Plantarum Nova, issued in 1682, two years after Morison's Historia (Pars Secunda).

=Ray's= Methodus Plantarum Nova, 1682.

DE HERBIS.

Genus i. Imperfectae, flore et semine carentes: Algae, Fungi. " ii. Semine minutissimo: Bryophyta, most Pteridophyta. " iii. Acaules Epiphyllospermae, vulgo Capillares: Filices. " iv. Flore imperfecto, sexu distinctae: e.g. Humulus, Cannabis, Spinachia, Urtica. " v. " imperfecto, sexu carentes: e.g. Chenopodium, Alchemilla, Artemisia. " vi. " imperfecto, Monospermae, semine triquetro: Polygonaceae. " vii. " composito, Lactescentes: Compositae, Cichorieae. " viii. " discoide, Papposae: Compositae, most Asteroideae and Senecionideae. " ix. " discoide nudo, Papposae: Compositae, Eupatorium, Senecio, Gnaphalium. " x. " composito discoide, Corymbiferae: Compositae, some Anthemideae. " xi. " discoide nudo, Corymbiferae: Compositae, the rest of the Anthemideae. " xii. " ex flosculis fistularibus, Capitatae: Compositae, Cynareae. " xiii. " composito, Anomalae: Dipsacus, Scabiosa, Echinops, Armeria. " xiv. " perfecto, seminibus nudis singulis: Valeriana, Thalictrum, Statice, Agrimonia, &c. " xv, xvi. Umbelliferae. " xvii. Stellatae dictae: Rubiaceae. " xviii. Asperifoliae: Boraginaceae. " xix, xx. Verticillatae: Labiatae. " xxi, xxii. Semine nudo, Polyspermae: acheniferous Ranunculaceae and Rosaceae, Malvaceae. " xxiii. Pomiferae: Cucurbitaceae. " xxiv. Bacciferae: e.g. Smilax, Bryonia, Tamus, some Solanaceae, &c. " xxv. Multisiliquae seu Corniculatae: folliculate Ranunculaceae, Sedum, Dictamnus, &c. " xxvi. { Flore monopetalo uniformi: e.g. Hyoscyamus, Gentiana, Convolvulus, Campanula. " xxvii. { " xviii. { Flore monopetalo difformi: e.g. Impatiens, Aristolochia, most Scrophulariaceae. " xxix, xxx, xxxi. Flore tetrapetalo uniformi siliquosae: Cruciferae. " xxxii. Flore tetrapetalo uniformi, Anomalae: e.g. Papaver, Ruta, Plantago, Veronica. " xxxiii-vi. Flore papilionaceo: Leguminosae. " xxxvii. Flore pentapetalo aut polypetalo, foliis conjugatim dispositis: Caryophyllaceae, Cistaceae, Hypericaceae. " xxxviii. Flore pentapetalo aut polypetalo, foliis nullo aut alterno ordine dispositis: e.g. Portulaca, Viola, Reseda, Geranium, Linum. " xxxix. Flore pentapetaloide, Anomalae: e.g. Primula, Asclepias, Erythraea, Verbascum. " xl, xli. Culmiferae: Gramineae. " xlii. Graminifoliae non culmiferae: Cyperaceae, Juncaceae. " xliii-v. Radice bulbosa: bulbous Monocotyledons. " xlvi. Bulbosis Affines: e.g. Iris, Aloe, Orchidaceae, Araceae, Cyclamen. " xlvii. Anomalae et sui generis: e.g. Potamogeton, Nymphaea, Callitriche, Trapa, Stratiotes, Sagittaria, Cuscuta, Adoxa, Polygala.