Part 8

Edward S. Dingle (MS.) has sent to A. C. Bent a remarkable winter record of a black-and-white warbler seen on Middleburg plantation, Huger, S. C., on January 13, 1944.

DISTRIBUTION

Range.--Canada to northern South America.

Breeding range.--The black-and-white warbler breeds =north= to southwestern Mackenzie, rarely (Simpson and Providence; has been collected at Norman); northern Alberta (Chipewyan and McMurray); central Saskatchewan (Flotten Lake, probably Grand Rapids, and Cumberland House); southern Manitoba (Duck Mountain, Lake St. Martin, Winnipeg, and Indian Bay); central Ontario (Kenora, Pagwachuan River mouth, and Lake Abitibi; has occurred at Piscapecassy Creek on James Bay, and at Moose Factory); southern Quebec (Lake Tamiskaming, Blue Sea Lake, Quebec, Mingan, and Mascanin; has occurred at Sandwich Bay, Labrador); and central Newfoundland (Deer Lake, Nicholsville, Lewisport, and Fogo Island). =East= to Newfoundland (Fogo Island and White Bear River); Nova Scotia (Halifax and Yarmouth); the Atlantic coast to northern New Jersey (Elizabeth and Morristown); eastern Pennsylvania (Berwyn); Maryland (Baltimore and Cambridge); eastern Virginia (Ashland and Lawrenceville); North Carolina (Raleigh and Charlotte); South Carolina (Columbia and Aiken); and central Georgia (Augusta and Milledgeville). =South= to central Georgia (Milledgeville); south central Alabama (Autaugaville); north-central Mississippi (Starkville and Legion Lake); northern Louisiana (Monroe; rarely to southern Louisiana, Bayou Sora); and northeastern and south-central Texas (Marshall, Dallas, Classen, Kerrville, and Junction). =West= to central Texas (Junction and Palo Dura Canyon); central Kansas (Clearwater); central-northern Nebraska (Valentine); possibly eastern Montana (Glasgow); central Alberta (Camrose, Glenevis, and Lesser Slave Lake); to southwestern Mackenzie (Simpson). There is a single record of its occurrence in June at Gautay, Baja California, 25 miles south of the international border.

Winter range.--In winter the black-and-white warbler is found =north= to southern Texas (Cameron County, occasionally Cove, and Texarkana); central Mississippi, occasionally (Clinton); accidental in winter at Nashville, Tenn.; southern Alabama (Fairfield); southern Georgia (Lumber City, occasionally Milledgeville, and Athens); and rarely to central-eastern South Carolina (Edisto Island and Charleston). =East= to the coast of South Carolina, occasionally (Charleston); Georgia (Blackbeard Island); Florida (St. Augustine, New Smyrna, and Miami); the Bahamas (Abaco, Watling, and Great Abaco Islands); Dominican Republic (Samaná); Puerto Rico; Virgin Islands and the Lesser Antilles to Dominica; and eastern Venezuela (Paria Peninsula). =South= to northern Venezuela (Paria Peninsula, Rancho Grande, and Mérida); west-central Colombia (Bogotá); and central Ecuador (Pastazo Valley). =West= to central and western Ecuador (Pastazo Valley and Quito); western Colombia (Pueblo Rico); western Panamá (Dvala); El Salvador (Mount Cacaguatique); western Guatemala (Mazatenango); Guerrero (Acapulco and Coyuca); Colima (Manzanillo); northwestern Pueblo (Metlatayuca); western Nuevo León (Monterey); and southern Texas (Cameron County). It also occurs casually in the Cape region of Baja California and in southern California (Dehesa and Carpenteria). There are also several records in migration from California and from western Sinaloa.

Migration.--Late dates of spring departure from the winter home are: Venezuela--Yacua, Paria Peninsula, March 20. Colombia--Santa Marta region, March 12. Panamá--Gatún, March 26. Costa Rica--El General, April 9. Honduras--Tola, April 22. Guatemala--Quiriguá, April 17. Veracruz--El Conejo, May 15. Puerto Rico--Algonobo, April 27. Haiti--Île à Vache, May 6. Cuba--Habana, May 25. Bahamas--Abaco, May 6. Florida--Orlando, May 21. Georgia--Cumberland, May 26. Louisiana--Avery Island, April 27.

Early dates of spring arrival are: South Carolina--Clemson College, March 20. North Carolina--Weaverville, March 3. Virginia--Lawrenceville, March 23. District of Columbia--Washington, March 30. New York--Corning, April 18. Massachusetts--Stockbridge, April 16. Vermont--St. Johnsbury, April 19. Maine--Lewiston, April 27. Quebec--Montreal, April 26. Nova Scotia--Wolfville, April 29. Mississippi--Deer Island, March 4. Louisiana--Schriever, March 8. Arkansas--March 12. Tennessee--Nashville, March 20. Illinois--Chicago, April 17. Michigan--Ann Arbor, April 6. Ohio--Toledo, April 7. Ontario--Guelph, April 22. Missouri--Marionville, April 3. Iowa--Grinnell, April 16. Wisconsin--Milwaukee, April 20. Minnesota--Lanesboro, April 23. Kansas--Independence, April 1. Omaha--April 21. North Dakota--April 28. Manitoba--Winnipeg, April 28. Alberta--Edmonton, May 6; McMurray, May 15. Mackenzie--Simpson, May 22.

Late dates of fall departure are: Alberta--Athabaska Landing, September 11. Manitoba--Aweme, September 22. North Dakota--Argusville, October 2. Minnesota--Minneapolis, October 10. Iowa--Davenport, October 1. Missouri--Columbia, October 24. Wisconsin--Madison, October 7. Illinois--Port Byron, October 15. Ontario--Hamilton, October 3. Michigan--Detroit, October 15. Ohio--Youngstown, October 15. Kentucky--Danville, October 14. Tennessee--Athens, October 17. Arkansas--Winslow, October 17. Louisiana--New Orleans, October 25. Mississippi--Gulfport, November 19. Quebec--Quebec, September 18. New Brunswick--St. John, September 19. Nova Scotia--Yarmouth, September 23. Maine--Portland, October 17. New Hampshire--Ossipee, October 18. Massachusetts--Cambridge, October 15. New York--New York, October 6. Pennsylvania--Atglen, October 29. District of Columbia--Washington, October 18. Virginia--Charlottesville, October 18. North Carolina--Raleigh, October 29. South Carolina--Charleston, November 15. Georgia--Savannah, October 29.

Early dates of fall arrival are: South Carolina--Charleston, July 19. Florida--Pensacola, July 12. Cuba--Artemisa, Pinar del Río, August 1. Dominican Republic--Ciudad Trujillo, September 27. Puerto Rico--Mayagüez, October 9. Louisiana--New Orleans, July 21. Mississippi--Bay St. Louis, July 4. Michoacán--Tancitaro, August 7. Guatemala--Huehuetenango, August 14. Honduras--Cantarranas, August 7. Costa Rica--San José, August 20. Panamá--Tapia, Canal Zone, August 24. Colombia--Bonda, Santa Marta region, August 21. Ecuador--Pastaza Valley, October 17. Venezuela--Estado Carabobo Las Trincheras, October 9.

Banding.--A single banding recovery is of considerable interest: A black-and-white banded at Manchester, N. H., on August 31, 1944, was found on March 17, 1945, at Friendship P. O., Westmoreland, Jamaica.

Casual records.--This warbler is casual in migration or winters in Bermuda, having been recorded in six different years from October to May.

At Tingwall, Shetland Islands, north of Scotland one was picked up on November 28, 1936. This is almost as far north as the northernmost record of occurrence in North America and later than it is normally found in the United States.

A specimen was collected near Pullman, Wash., on August 15, 1948, the first record for the State.

Egg dates.--Massachusetts: 31 records, May 18 to June 14; 17 records, May 25 to June 3, indicating the height of the season.

New Jersey: 7 records, May 18 to June 8.

Tennessee: 3 records, May 1 to 17.

North Carolina: 6 records, April 20 to 28.

West Virginia: 7 records, May 6 to 29 (Harris).

PROTONOTARIA CITREA (Boddaert)

PROTHONOTARY WARBLER

PLATES 4-6

HABITS

I do not like the above name for the golden swamp warbler. The scientific name Protonotaria, and evidently the common name, were apparently both derived from the Latin protonotarius, meaning first notary or scribe. I sympathize with Bagg and Eliot (1937), who exclaimed:

What a name to saddle on the Golden Swamp-bird! Wrongly compounded in the first place, wrongly spelled, wrongly pronounced! We understand that Protonotarius is the title of papal officials whose robes are bright yellow, but why say "First Notary" in mixed Greek and Latin, instead of Primonotarius? Proto is Greek for first, as in prototype. Why and when did it come to be misspelled Protho? Both Wilson and Audubon wrote Protonotary Warbler, a name seemingly first given to the bird by Louisiana Creoles. Both etymology and sense call for stress on the third syllable, yet one most often hears the stress laid on the second. Here, certainly, is a bothersome name fit only to be eschewed!

The scientific name cannot be changed under the rules of nomenclature, but a change in the common name would seem desirable. However, the name does not make the bird or detract from its charm and beauty. It will still continue to thrill with delight the wanderer in its swampy haunts.

The center of abundance of the prothonotary warbler as a breeding bird in this country is in the valleys of the Mississippi River and its tributaries, notably the Ohio, the Wabash, and the Illinois Rivers. Its summer range extends eastward into Indiana and Ohio, northward into southern Ontario, Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota, and westward into Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and eastern Texas--wherever it can find suitable breeding grounds.

It also breeds in the Atlantic Coast States from Virginia to Florida.

It is essentially a bird of the damp and swampy river bottoms and low-lying woods, which are flooded at times and in which woodland pools have been left by the receding water. Perhaps this warbler abounds more than anywhere else in the valley of the lower Wabash, where William Brewster (1878) found it to be--