History of Woman Suffrage, Volume Ii

CHAPTER XVI.. Woman's Patriotism in the War.

WOMAN'S PATRIOTISM IN THE WAR. PAGE The first gun on Sumter, April 12, 1861--Woman's military genius--Anna Ella Carroll--The Sanitary Movement--Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell--The Hospitals--Dorothea Dix--Services on the battle-field--Clara Barton--The Freedman's Bureau--Josephine Griffing--Ladies' National Covenant--Political campaigns--Anna Dickinson--The Woman's Loyal National League--The Mammoth Petition--Anniversaries--The Thirteenth Amendment 1

CHAPTER XVII.. Congressional Action.

CONGRESSIONAL ACTION.

First Petitions to Congress December, 1865, against the word "male" in the 14th Amendment--Joint resolutions before Congress--Messrs. Jenckes, Schenck, Broomall, and Stevens--Republicans protest in presenting petitions--The women seek aid of Democrats--James Brooks in the House of Representatives--Horace Greeley on the petitions--Caroline Healy Dall on Messrs. Jenckes and Schenck--The District of Columbia Suffrage Bill--Senator Cowan, of Pennsylvania, moved to strike out the word "male"--A three days' debate in the Senate--The final vote nine in favor of Mr. Cowan's amendment, and thirty-seven against 90

CHAPTER XVIII.. National Conventions in 1866-67.

NATIONAL CONVENTIONS IN 1866-67.

The first National Woman Suffrage Convention after the war--Speeches by Ernestine L. Rose, Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Henry Ward Beecher, Frances D. Gage, Theodore Tilton, Wendell Phillips--Petitions to Congress and the Constitutional Convention--Mrs. Stanton a candidate to Congress--Anniversary of the Equal Rights Association 152

CHAPTER XIX.. The Kansas Campaign--1867.

THE KANSAS CAMPAIGN--1867.

The Battle Ground of Freedom--Campaign of 1867--Liberals did not Stand by their Principles--Black Men Opposed to Woman Suffrage--Republican Press and Party Untrue--Democrats in Opposition--John Stuart Mill's Letters and Speeches Extensively Circulated--Henry B. Blackwell and Lucy Stone Opened the Campaign--Rev. Olympia Brown Followed--60,000 Tracts Distributed--Appeal Signed by Thirty-one Distinguished Men--Letters from Helen E. Starrett, Susan E. Wattles, Dr. R. S. Tenney, Lieut.-Governor J. B. Root, Rev. Olympia Brown--The Campaign closed by ex-Governor Robinson, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and the Hutchinson Family--Speeches and Songs at the Polls in every Ward in Leavenworth Election Day--Both Amendments lost--9,070 Votes for Woman Suffrage, 10,843 for Negro Suffrage 229

CHAPTER XX.. New York Constitutional Convention.

NEW YORK CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION.

Constitution Amended once in Twenty Years--Mrs. Stanton before the Legislature Claiming Woman's Right to Vote for Members to the Convention--An Immense Audience in the Capitol--The Convention Assembled June 4th, 1867. Twenty Thousand Petitions Presented for Striking the Word "Male" from the Constitution--"Committee on the Right of Suffrage, and the Qualifications for Holding Office" Horace Greeley, Chairman--Mr. Graves, of Herkimer, Leads the Debate in favor of Woman Suffrage--Horace Greeley's Adverse Report--Leading Advocates Heard before the Convention--Speech of George William Curtis on Striking the Word "Man" from Section 1, Article 11--Final Vote, 19 For, 125 Against--Equal Rights Anniversary of 1868 269

CHAPTER XXI.. Reconstruction.

RECONSTRUCTION.

The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments--Universal Suffrage and Universal Amnesty the Key-note of Reconstruction--Gerrit Smith and Wendell Phillips hesitate--A Trying Period in the Woman Suffrage Movement--Those Opposed to the word "Male" in the Fourteenth Amendment Voted Down in Conventions--The Negro's Hour--Virginia L. Minor on Suffrage in the District of Columbia--Women Advised to be Silent--The Hypocrisy of the Democrats preferable to that of the Republicans--Senator Pomeroy's Amendment--Protests against a Man's Government--Negro Suffrage a Political Necessity--Charles Sumner Opposed to the Fourteenth Amendment, but Voted for it as a Party Measure--Woman Suffrage for Utah--Discussion in the House as to who Constitute Electors--Bills for Woman Suffrage presented by the Hon. George W. Julian and Senators Wilson and Pomeroy--The Fifteenth Amendment--Anna E. Dickinson's Suggestion--Opinions of Women on the Fifteenth Amendment--The Sixteenth Amendment--Miss Anthony chosen a Delegate to the Democratic National Convention July 4, 1868--Her Address Read by a Unanimous Vote--Horatio Seymour in the Chair--Comments of the Press--The Revolution 313

CHAPTER XXII.. National Conventions--1869.

NATIONAL CONVENTIONS--1869.

First Convention in Washington--First hearing before Congress--Delegates Invited from Every State--Senator Pomeroy, of Kansas--Debate between Colored Men and Women--Grace Greenwood's Graphic Description--What the Members of the Convention Saw and Heard in Washington--Robert Purvis--A Western Trip--Conventions in Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, Springfield, and Madison--Editorial Correspondence in The Revolution--Anniversaries in New York and Brooklyn--Conventions in Newport and Saratoga 345

CHAPTER XXIII.. The New Departure--Under the Fourteenth Amendment.

THE NEW DEPARTURE--UNDER THE FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT.

Francis Minor's Resolutions--Hearing before Congressional Committee--Descriptions by Mrs. Fannie Howland and Grace Greenwood--Washington Convention 1870--Rev. Samuel J. May--Senator Carpenter--Professor Sprague, of Cornell University--Notes of Mrs. Hooker--May Anniversary in New York--The Fifth Avenue Conference--Second Decade Celebration--Washington, 1871--Victoria Woodhull's Memorial--Judiciary Committee--Majority and Minority Reports--George W. Julian and A. A. Sargent in the House--May Anniversary, 1871--Washington in 1872--Senate Judiciary Committee--Benjamin F. Butler--The Sherman-Dahlgren Protest--Women in Grant and Wilson Campaign 407

CHAPTER XXIV.. National Conventions--1873, '74, '75.

NATIONAL CONVENTIONS--1873, '74, '75.

Fifth Washington Convention--Mrs. Gage on Centralization--May Anniversary in New York--Washington Convention, 1874--Frances Ellen Burr's Report--Rev. O. B. Frothingham in New York Convention--Territory of Pembina--Discussion in the Senate--Conventions in Washington and New York, 1875--Hearings before Congressional Committees 521

CHAPTER XXV.. Trials and Decisions.

TRIALS AND DECISIONS.

Women Voting under the XVI. Amendment--Appeals to the Courts--Marilla M. Ricker, of New Hampshire, 1870--Nannette B. Gardner, Michigan--Sara Andrews Spencer, District of Columbia--Ellen Rand Van Valkenburgh, California--Catherine V. Waite, Illinois--Carrie S. Burnham, Pennsylvania--Sarah M. T. Huntingdon, Connecticut--Susan B. Anthony, New York--Virginia L. Minor, Missouri--Judges McKee, Jameson, Sharswood, Cartter--Associate Justice Hunt--Chief Justice Waite--Myra Bradwell--Hon. Matt. H. Carpenter--Supreme Court Decisions 586

CHAPTER XXVI.. American Woman Suffrage Association.

AMERICAN WOMAN SUFFRAGE ASSOCIATION.

Circular Letter--Cleveland Convention--Association Completed--Henry Ward Beecher, President--Convention in Steinway Hall, New York--George William Curtis Speaks--The First Annual Meeting held in Cleveland--Mrs. Tracy Cutler, President--Mass Meeting in Steinway Hall, New York, 1870--State Action Recommended--Moses Coit Tyler Speaks--Mass Meetings in 1871 in Philadelphia, Washington, Baltimore, Pittsburgh--Memorial to Congress--Letters from William Lloyd Garrison and others--Hon. G. F. Hoar Advocates Woman Suffrage--Anniversary celebrated at St. Louis--Dr. Stone, of Michigan--Thomas Wentworth Higginson, President, 1872--Convention in Cooper Institute, New York--Two Hundred Young Women march in--Meeting in Plymouth Church--Letters from Louise May Alcott and Elizabeth Stuart Phelps--The Annual Meeting in Detroit--Julia Ward Howe, President--Letter from James T. Field--Mary F. Eastman Addresses the Convention. Bishop Gilbert Haven President for 1875--Convention in Steinway Hall, New York--Hon. Charles Bradlaugh Speaks--Centennial Celebration, July 3d--Petition to Congress for a XVI. Amendment--Conventions in Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Washington, and Louisville 756

Appendix 863

LIST OF ENGRAVINGS.

Vol. II.

ANNA E. DICKINSON Frontispiece. CLARA BARTON page 25 CLEMENCE S. LOZIER, M. D. 153 REV. OLYMPIA BROWN 265 JANE GRAHAM JONES 313 VIRGINIA L. MINOR 409 ISABELLA BEECHER HOOKER 489 BELVA A. LOCKWOOD 521 ELLEN CLARK SARGENT 553 MYRA BRADWELL 617 LUCY STONE 761 JULIA WARD HOWE 793

CHAPTER XVI.. Woman's Patriotism in the War.

WOMAN'S PATRIOTISM IN THE WAR.

The first gun on Sumter, April 12, 1861--Woman's military genius--Anna Ella Carroll--The Sanitary Movement--Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell--The Hospitals--Dorothea Dix--Services on the battle-field--Clara Barton--The Freedman's Bureau--Josephine Griffing--Ladies' National Covenant--Political campaigns--Anna Dickinson--The Woman's Loyal National League--The Mammoth Petition--Anniversaries--The Thirteenth Amendment.

Our first volume closed with the period when the American people stood waiting with apprehension the signal of the coming conflict between the Northern and Southern States. On April 12, 1861, the first gun was fired on Sumter, and on the 14th it was surrendered. On the 15th, the President called out 75,000 militia, and summoned Congress to meet July 4th, when 400,000 men and $400,000,000 were voted to carry on the war.

These startling events roused the entire people, and turned the current of their thoughts in new directions. While the nation's life hung in the balance, and the dread artillery of war drowned alike the voices of commerce, politics, religion and reform, all hearts were filled with anxious forebodings, all hands were busy in solemn preparations for the awful tragedies to come.

At this eventful hour the patriotism of woman shone forth as fervently and spontaneously as did that of man; and her self-sacrifice and devotion were displayed in as many varied fields of action. While he buckled on his knapsack and marched forth to conquer the enemy, she planned the campaigns which brought the nation victory; fought in the ranks when she could do so without detection; inspired the sanitary commission; gathered needed supplies for the grand army; provided nurses for the hospitals; comforted the sick; smoothed the pillows of the dying; inscribed the last messages of love to those far away; and marked the resting-places where the brave men fell. The labor women accomplished, the hardships they endured, the time and strength they sacrificed in the war that summoned three million men to arms, can never be fully appreciated.

Think of the busy hands from the Atlantic to the Pacific, making garments, canning fruits and vegetables, packing boxes, preparing lint and bandages for soldiers at the front; think of the mothers, wives and daughters on the far-off prairies, gathering in the harvests, that their fathers, husbands, brothers, and sons might fight the battles of freedom; of those month after month walking the wards of the hospital; and those on the battle-field at the midnight hour, ministering to the wounded and dying, with none but the cold stars to keep them company.

Think of the multitude of delicate, refined women, unused to care and toil, thrown suddenly on their own resources, to struggle evermore with poverty and solitude; their hopes and ambitions all freighted in the brave young men that marched forth from their native hills, with flying flags and marshal music, to return no more forever. The untiring labors, the trembling apprehensions, the wrecked hopes, the dreary solitude of the fatherless, the widowed, the childless in that great national upheaval, have never been measured or recorded; their brave deeds never told in story or in song, no monuments built to their memories, no immortal wreaths to mark their last resting-places.

How much easier it is to march forth with gay companions and marshal music; with the excitement of the battle, the camp, the ever-shifting scenes of war, sustained by the hope of victory; the promise of reward; the ambition for distinction; the fire of patriotism kindling every thought, and stimulating every nerve and muscle to action! How much easier is all this, than to wait and watch alone with nothing to stimulate hope or ambition.

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