Part 77

Ordinances changed into statutes, ii. 298; of 1311, 189, 191, 194, 195

Orkneys, Northmen in the, i. 129

Orleans, Henry V. repulsed from, iii. 36; siege of, 45, 46; relieved, 50, 51

Orleans, Charles, Duke of, iii. 24, 26, 28

Orleans, Lewis I., Duke of, iii. 5, 6, 12, 16, 17

Orleans, Lewis II., Duke of, iii. 170. See Lewis XII.

Orleans, Philip II., Duke of, Regent of France, vii. 185, 213

Ormond, James Butler, twelfth Earl of, vi. 16; invites Charles II. to Ireland, 71; besieges Dublin, 76; Duke, 182, 193; Lord Steward, 193; retires, 244; returns to the Council, 278; supports Parliamentary government, vii. 1

Ormond, James Butler, second Duke of, Warden of the Cinque Ports, vii. 145; joins the Pretender, 168; tries to stir up a rising, 184; commands a Spanish fleet, 187

Orosius, Ælfred's translation of, i. 114

Orthez, battle of, viii. 202

Orvieto, Edward I. visits the Pope at, ii. 102

Osbern's Lives of English Saints, i. 243

Osgod Clapa, i. 148

Osney, abbey of, i. 284; annals of, 273

Oswald, king of Bernicia, i. 67, 69-71

Oswiu, king of Northumbria, i. 72, 73, 78-81, 86

Otterbourne's Chronicle, ii. 179

Otto of Saxony, king of the Germans, i. 264; his alliance with John, 334, 337; invades France, 338, 342

Oudenarde, battle of, vii. 134

Overbury, Sir Thomas, v. 192

Oxford, first mention of, i. 305; submits to Swein, 143; siege of, 220; condition after Norman conquest, 306, 307; in the twelfth century, 283-285; relations with Abbey of Abingdon, 306, 308; with London, 308, 309; mayor substituted for reeve, 310; town-life, ib., 311; barons swear fealty to Henry Fitz-Empress at, 227; Richard I. born at, 259; Friars settle in, ii. 12; Charles I. at, vi. 3, 4; blockade of, 19; "bargemen" of, i. 308; charters, 309; church of St. Martin, 283, 306, 310; of St. Mary, 287, 288; Jews at, 307; ii. 127-129; merchant-gild, i. 308; Parliament at, ii. 60; v. 246; vi. 226, 322, 323; Portmannimote of, i. 306, 309; Port-meadow, 296, 306; Provisions of, ii. 61; University of, i. 285-287; Gerald of Wales at, 285; a papal legate mobbed at, 287; ii. 42; study of Aristotle at, i. 288, 293, 294; foreign students at, 291; revival of theology at, ii. 14; Roger Bacon at, 16, 17; attitude towards English liberty in thirteenth century, 22; Wyclif at, 276; ordered to condemn and arrest him, 310; condemns him, 337; displaces his opponents, ib.; Wykeham's College at, 308; Lollardry at, 339-341; Duke Humphrey bequeaths his library to, iii. 40, 161; decay of scholarship at, 98; revival of Greek at, 190, 194, 202; Cardinal College at, 202, 262, 265; Lutheranism at, 262, 263; forced to approve Henry VIII.'s divorce, 292; opposes the royal supremacy, iv. 162; religious changes in, 304; Catholic refugees from, at Douay, 317; protests against the Millenary Petition, v. 152; declares for passive obedience, 170; vii. 1; James II.'s dealings with, 25, 26; Jacobitism in, 184; Methodists at, 205; supports the younger Pitt, viii. 69

Oxford, Robert de Vere, third Earl of. See Vere

Oxford, Robert de Vere, ninth Earl of. See Vere

Oxford, John de Vere, twelfth Earl of, iii. 142, 177

Oxford, Edward de Vere, seventeenth Earl of, iv. 318, 353, 358

Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, twentieth Earl of, vii. 23

Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of (see Harley), vii. 145