Fossil Plants, Vol. 3

CHAPTER XXXII. Cycadofilices. Pp. 175–213.

CYCADOFILICES. Pp. 175–213.

I. =MEGALOXYLEAE= 175–180 =Megaloxylon= 175–180

II. =RHETINANGIEAE= 181–183 =Rhetinangium= 181–183

III. =STENOMYELEAE= 183–185 =Stenomyelon= 183–185

IV. =CYCADOXYLEAE= 185–190 =Cycadoxylon= 185–187 =Ptychoxylon= 187–190

V. =CALAMOPITYEAE= 190–200 =Calamopitys= 190–196 Kalymma 194–196 =Eristophyton= 197–200

VI. =CLADOXYLEAE= 200–210 =Cladoxylon= 201–207 =Völkelia= 208–210

VII. =PROTOPITYEAE= 210–213 =Protopitys= 210–213

CHAPTER XXXIII. Cordaitales. Pp. 214–299.

CORDAITALES. Pp. 214–299.

A. =POROXYLEAE= 214–219 =Poroxylon= 214–219

B. =CORDAITEAE= 219–284 =Cordaites= 219–265 Noeggerathiopsis 238–243; Rhiptozamites 244, 245; Phylladoderma 244; Euryphyllum 245; Artisia 246–248; Dadoxylon 248–260; Metacordaites 260, 261; Cordaianthus 264–270; =Mesoxylon= 270–275; =Pelourdea= 277–281; =Niponophyllum= 282, 283; =Titanophyllum= 283, 284.

CHAPTER XXXIV

C. =PITYEAE= 285–299 =Pitys= 285–289 =Archaeopitys= 290 =Callixylon= 291–293 =Coenoxylon= 293, 294 =Parapitys= 294, 295 =Mesopitys= 295, 296 =Antarcticoxylon= 296–299

CHAPTER XXXV. Palaeozoic Gymnospermous Seeds. Pp. 300–365.

PALAEOZOIC GYMNOSPERMOUS SEEDS. Pp. 300–365.

I. +Lagenostomales+ 308–318 =Physostoma= 309–312; =Conostoma= 313–316; =Sphaerostoma= 316; =Lagenostoma= 316; =Gnetopsis= 317, 318.

II. +Trigonocarpales+ 318–332 =Trigonocarpus= 319–321; =Tripterospermum= 321; =Ptychotesta= 321; =Hexapterospermum= 321–323; =Polypterospermum= 323; =Pachytesta= 323–326; =Stephanospermum= 326–329; =Polylophospermum= 329, 330; =Codonospermum= 330, 331; =Aetheotesta= 331, 332; =Eriotesta= 332; =Gaudrya= 332.

III. +Cardiocarpales+ 332–356 =Cardiocarpus= 338–340; =Cyclospermum= 340, 341; =Cycadinocarpus= 341; =Rhabdocarpus= and =Rhabdospermum= 341–345; =Mitrospermum= 345, 346; =Diplotesta= 346; =Leptocaryon= 346, 347; =Taxospermum= 347; =Compsotesta= 347, 348; =Samaropsis= 348–354; =Cordaicarpus= 354–356.

IV. +Miscellaneous Seeds+ 356–365 i. =Hexagonocarpus= 356,357; =Decagonocarpus= 357; =Polypterocarpus= 357, 358; =Rhynchogonium= 358–360; =Boroviczia= 360; =Diplopterotesta= 360, 361; =Musocarpus= 361; =Holcospermum= 361–363.

ii. =Malacotesta= 363; =Thysanotesta= 364; =Carpolithus= 364, 365; Microspermum 365.

CHAPTER XXXVI. Cycadophyta (+fossil+). Pp. 366–420.

CYCADOPHYTA (+Fossil+). Pp. 366–420.

=BENNETTITALES= 367–420 =Cycadeoidea= 367–417 =Cycadella= 417, 418 =Amphibennettites= 418 =Vectia= 419, 420

CHAPTER XXXVII

=BENNETTITALES= (continued) 421–477 =Williamsonia= 421–463 =Wielandiella= 463–467 =Williamsoniella= 467–473 =Cycadocephalus= 473–475 =Weltrichia= 475–477

CHAPTER XXXVIII. Cycadophyta. Pp. 478–506.

CYCADOPHYTA. Pp. 478–506.

i. =Bucklandia= 480–490; =Cycadeomyelon= 490, 491; =Colymbetes= 491–494; =Cycadeolepis= 494–496.

ii. =Carpolithus= 497–500; =Cycadospadix= 500, 501; =Beania= 502; =Zamiostrobus=, =Cycadeostrobus= 503–505; =Androstrobus= 505, 506.

CHAPTER XXXIX. Cycadophyta (+fronds+). Pp. 507–591.

CYCADOPHYTA (+Fronds+). Pp. 507–591.

I. +Bennettitales+ 512–566 =Ptilophyllum= 512–529; =Zamites= 529–537; =Otozamites= 537–545; =Dictyozamites= 546–548; =Pterophyllum= 548–558; =Cycadites= and =Pseudocycas= 558–566.

II. +Nilssoniales+ 566–587 =Nilssonia= 566–578; =Ctenis= 578–583; =Pseudoctenis= 584–587.

III. +Incertae sedis+ 587–591 =Sphenozamites= 587–589; =Plagiozamites= 589, 590; =Cycadorachis= 590, 591.

+List of Works referred to in the Text+ (Vols. III & IV). 592–639

+Index+ 640–656

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Several of the illustrations are printed from blocks for which I am indebted to learned societies or to individuals. The sources from which clichés were obtained are mentioned within square brackets. The names of donors of photographs or drawings are added after the descriptions of the figures.

+Frontispiece.+ Charles René Zeiller. From a photograph given to me by Madame Zeiller.

FIG. PAGE

377. Cycas circinalis. A. Malins Smith 2

378. Cycas revoluta. [G. R. Wieland.] 3

379. Encephalartos horridus 3

380. Cycas circinalis. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 4

381. Cycas revoluta and Zamia Loddigesii 5

382. Encephalartos Ghellinckii. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 11

383. Cycas siamensis. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 12

384. Cycas circinalis 13

385. Cycas Micholitzii and Zamia angustifolia 14

386. Encephalartos Altensteinii; Dioon edule. S. M. Wadham. 15

387. Cycadean Fronds 16

388. Zamia Wallisii 17

389. Zamia integrifolia. [Camb. Univ. Press.] 18

390. Zamia Loddigesii 18

391. Bowenia spectabilis. [Encyclopaedia Britannica.] 20

392. Cycas pectinata, C. Riuminiana, C. angulata, Encephalartos, and Stangeria 21

393. Stangeria, Encephalartos, and Ceratozamia 22

394. Macrozamia Preissii. [Camb. Univ. Press.] 23

395. Zamia floridana. [G. R. Wieland.] 24

396. Dioon edule, Cycas circinalis, etc., Encephalartos, Bowenia, Macrozamia, Microcycas 26

397. Stangeria paradoxa. [New Phytologist; A. G. Tansley.] 29

398. Macrozamia 29

399. Cycadean foliar bundles 31

400. Cycas Micholitzii. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 33

401. Lyginodendron Landsburgii. R. Kidston 37

402. Lyginopteris oldhamia. [Camb. Phil Soc.] 39

403–405. Lyginopteris oldhamia 41, 44, 48

406. Lyginopteris oldhamia. F. W. Oliver 49

407. Crossotheca Hoeninghausi. R. Kidston and other sources 53

408. Lagenospermum Sinclairi; Lagenostoma; Calymmatotheca Stangeri; Crossotheca Hoeninghausi 57

409. Lagenostoma 58

410. Lyginopteris oldhamia 69

411, 412. Heterangium Grievii 73, 76

413. Sphenopteris elegans 78

414. Sphaerostoma ovale 79

415. Heterangium Grievii; H. tiliaeoides; Lyginopteris root 82

416. Medullosa (stem-anatomy) 92

417. Medullosa centrofilis 96

418. Myeloxylon radiatum; Medullosa stellata; M. Leuckarti 103

419. Medullosa Leuckarti 104

420. Myeloxylon radiatum; Medullosa anglica, and Medullosa sp. 107

421. Potoniea adiantiformis; Linopteris obliqua; Neuropteris heterophylla 111

422. Neuropterocarpus Kidstoni. [Edinburgh Royal Society.] 114

423–426. Trigonocarpus Parkinsoni 118, 120, 121

427. Codonotheca caduca. [New Phytologist.] 125

428. Whittleseya elegans; W. brevifolia 128

429. Whittleseya elegans 130

430–432. Dolerophyllum Goepperti 133, 134, 137

433. Ottokaria bengalensis. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 140

434. Strobilites Milleryensis 141

435, 436. Colpoxylon aeduense 143

437, 438. Rhexoxylon africanum 146, 148

439, 440. Sutcliffia insignis 150, 151

441. Steloxylon Ludwigii 163

442. Pecopteris Pluckeneti 167

443. Eremopteris artemisaefolia; Samaropsis acuta 170

444. Samaropsis acuta. R. Kidston 171

445. Wardia fertilis 172

446–448. Megaloxylon Scotti. [Camb. Phil. Soc.] 176–178

449, 450. Rhetinangium Arberi. W. T. Gordon 182

451. Stenomyelon tuedianum 183

452. Stenomyelon tuedianum. R. Kidston 185

453. Ptychoxylon Levyi; Cycadoxylon Fremyi; C. robustum 188

454, 455. Calamopitys Saturni. M. Zalessky 191, 192

456. Kalymma grandis 195

457. Eristophyton fasciculare 197

458. Eristophyton Beinertianum. M. Zalessky 199

459. Cladoxylon mirabile; C. dubium; C. taeniatum; Syncardia pusilla 202

460. Cladoxylon Kidstoni; C. mirabile 206

461. Völkelia refracta 209

462. Protopitys Buchiana 211

463. Poroxylon Edwardsii. C. E. Bertrand and F. W. Oliver 216

464. Poroxylon Edwardsii; P. Boysseti. C. E. Bertrand 218

465. Cordaites leaf. (C. Felicis.) R. Kidston 228

466. Cordaites principalis; Artisia transversa. R. Kidston 231

467. Cordaites lingulatus 234

468. Cordaites (Rhizo-Cordaites); Cordaites circularis; Cordaites sp. cf. C. Lacoei; C. crassifolius 237

469. Cordaites aequalis; C. Clerci. M. Zalessky 239

470. Cordaites (Noeggerathiopsis) Hislopi. G. R. Wieland. 241

471. Cordaites (Noeggerathiopsis) Hislopi. [Geological Society.] 241

472. Cordaites (Noeggerathiopsis) Hislopi. [Geol. Surv. India.] 242

473. Cordaites stem 246

474, 475. Dadoxylon materiarum 257

476. Dadoxylon Pedroi 259

477. Cordaites root 262

478. Cordaites? root. T. N. Leslie 263

479. Cordaianthus. F. E. Weiss 265

480. Cordaianthus Pitcairniae; C. Volkmanni 266

481. Cordaianthus Grand’Euryi; C. Williamsoni; C. Zeilleri. C. E. Bertrand 268

482. Cordaianthus microsporangia 270

483. Mesoxylon Sutcliffii 272

484. Pelourdea vogesiaca. [Geologists’ Assoc.] 279

485. Titanophyllum Grand’Euryi 284

486, 487. Pitys antiqua 286, 287

488. Pitys primaeva 288

489. Callixylon Trifilievi. M. Zalessky 292

490. Mesopitys Tchihatcheffi 296

491. Antarcticoxylon Priestleyi 298

492. Diagram of a synthetic type of seed 303

493. Lagenostoma ovoides; L. Lomaxi; Physostoma elegans; Telangium Scotti; Stephanospermum akenioides 311

494. Stephanospermum akenioides; Conostoma oblonga; Gnetopsis elliptica; Physostoma elegans; Mitrospermum compressum 314

495. Polypterospermum Renaultii; Ptychotesta tenuis; Polylophospermum stephanense; Hexapterospermum stenopterum; Diplotesta avellana; D. Grand’Euryana; Taxospermum Grüneri 322

496. Pachytesta incrassata; Polypterocarpus anglicus 324

497. Pachytesta 325

498. Codonospermum olivaeforme; Aetheotesta elliptica 330

499. Samaropsis emarginata 337

500. Cardiocarpus drupaceus var. expansus 339

501. Cardiocarpus sclerotesta; Rhabdocarpus cyclocaryon 340

502. Samaropsis fluitans; S. emarginata; S. bicaudata; S. Seixasi; S. barcellosa; S. Newberryi; Cordaicarpus Cordai 350

503. Samaropsis Leslii 352

504. Samaropsis Milleri. [Geol. Surv. India.] 353

505. Cordaicarpus Cordai 355

506. Holcospermum sulcatum; Codonospermum anomalum; Diplopterotesta spitzbergensis; Gnetopsis elliptica; Thysanotesta sagittula; Rhynchogonium costatum; Boroviczia Karpinskii; Hexagonocarpus Noeggerathi; Rhabdospermum tunicatum 359

507. Cycadeoidea marylandica. [G. R. Wieland.] 373

508, 509. Cycadeoidea Wielandi [G. R. Wieland.] 375, 376

510. Cycadeoidea sp. 377

511. Cycadeoidea Gibsoniana 377

512. Cycadeoidea ingens. [G. R. Wieland.] 378

513–515. Cycadeoidea. [G. R. Wieland.] 380–383

516. Cycadeoidea Dartoni 384

517–523. Cycadeoidea Gibsoniana 387–394

524–527. Cycadeoidea (Bennettites) Morierei. [O. Lignier.] 397–402

528–532. Cycadeoidea dacotensis. [G. R. Wieland.] 404–408

533. Cycadeoidea colossalis. [G. R. Wieland.] 410

534. Cycadeoidea Reichenbachiana. [A. Rothpletz.] 411

535–537. Cycadeoidea gigantea. [Geological Soc.] 413, 414

538. Cycadeoidea micromyela 415

539. Cycadeoidea Jenneyana (?) [G. R. Wieland.] 416

540. Vectia luccombensis. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 419

541–543. Williamsonia gigas 424–427

544. Williamsonia gigas. [Yorkshire Nat. Union.] 428

545. Williamsonia gigas. A. G. Nathorst. 429

546, 547. Williamsonia gigas 430, 431

548. Williamsonia gigas. O. Lignier. 432

549, 550. Williamsonia gigas. [Cambridge Phil. Soc.] 435, 436

551. Williamsonia spectabilis. A. G. Nathorst. 437

552. Williamsonia spectabilis. [Geological Soc.] 438

553, 554. Williamsonia Leckenbyi. A. G. Nathorst. 439, 440

555, 556. Williamsonia whitbiensis. A. G. Nathorst. 441

557. Williamsonia sp. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 444

558. Williamsonia Blandfordi. [Indian Geol. Survey.] 446

559. Williamsonia Carruthersi 447

560. Williamsonia Bucklandi 449

561. Williamsonia scotica 450

562–564. Williamsonia scotica. [Royal Society.] 451–453

565. Williamsonia spectabilis; W. whitbiensis; W. mexicana 459

566, 567. Wielandiella angustifolia 463, 464

568. Wielandiella angustifolia. A. G. Nathorst. 466

569–573. Williamsoniella coronata. [Royal Society.] 468–471

574. Cycadocephalus Sewardi. A. G. Nathorst. 474

575. Bucklandia anomala 482

576. Bucklandia Milleriana 484

577. Bucklandia Yatesii 485

578. Bucklandia buzzardensis. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 486

579. Bucklandia indica. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 488

580, 581. Colymbetes Edwardsi 492, 493 [Trustees of the British Museum.]

582, 583. Cycadolepis sp. 495

584, 585. Carpolithus conicus 498 [Trustees of the British Museum.]

586. Beania gracilis. [W. G. Carruthers.] 502

587. Ptilophyllum pecten. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 513

588, 589. Ptilophyllum pecten 514, 516 [Geological Surv. India.]

590. Ptilophyllum pecten and Williamsonia Blandfordi 517 [Geological Surv. India.]

591. Ptilophyllum cutchense. [Geological Society.] 518

592. Ptilophyllum pecten 519

593. Ptilophyllum pecten. [Geological Society.] 519

594. Ptilophyllum pecten 520

595. Ptilophyllum pecten 523

596. Ptilophyllum pecten. [Trustees of the British Museum.] 523

597. Ptilophyllum boreale. A. G. Nathorst. 526

598. Ptilophyllum antarcticum; P. Anderssoni 527

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