Appendix C

The following tables from the second report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science bring out in detail, first, the gradual disappearance of unemployment and short time and the increase of women’s numbers in industry from September, 1914, to April, 1916; second, the changes in numbers of women in the various occupations, both industrial and nonindustrial in December, 1915, and April, 1916, compared with July, 1914, and, third, similar details as to the number of women who were undertaking “men’s work.”

STATE OF EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN AT VARIOUS DATES SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF WAR, COMPARED WITH STATE OF EMPLOYMENT IN JULY, 1914

(“Industrial” employment only. Numbers employed July, 1914 = 100 per cent.)

Sept., Oct., Dec., Feb., Oct., Dec., Feb., April, 1914 1914 1914 1915 1915 1915 1916 1916 Contraction (-) or expansion (+) in numbers employed -8.4 -6.2 -3.2 -1.5 +7.4 +9.2 +10.9 +13.2

Employed on 2.1 5.9 10.8 10.9 13.9 14.5 12.8 ... overtime

Employed on 36.0 26.0 19.4 12.6 5.6 6.1 4.6 ... short time

EXTENSION OF THE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN DECEMBER, 1915 AND APRIL, 1916

--------------------------+-----------------+---------------------- | Estimated | Increase (+) or | Industrial | Decrease (-) Occupations Group | Population. | of Females in | July, 1914, +----------+----------- | Females |Dec., 1915|April, 1916 +-----------------+----------+----------- Building | 7,000 | + 3,600 | + 6,400 Mines and Quarries | 9,000 | + 800 | + 2,300 Metal Trades | 144,000 | +71,700 | +126,900 Chemical Trades | 40,000 | +19,400 | + 33,600 Textile Trades | 851,000 | +29,700 | + 27,800 Clothing Trades | 654,000 | + 6,700 | + 11,700 Food Trades | 170,000 | +31,700 | + 30,900 Paper and Printing Trades | 169,000 | ... | - 900 Wood Trades | 39,000 | + 7,400 | + 13,200 Other Trades | 96,000 | +25,400 | + 35,700 +-----------------+----------+----------- All “Industrial” | | | Occupations | 2,180,000 | +196,500 | +287,500 +-----------------+----------+----------- Commercial | 474,500 | ... | +181,000 Professional | 68,500 | ... | + 13,000 Banking and Finance | 9,500 | ... | + 23,000 Public Entertainment | 172,000 | ... | + 14,000 Agriculture | ... | ... | ... Transport | 9,500 | ... | + 16,000 Civil Service | 63,000 | ... | + 29,000 Arsenals, Dockyards, etc. | 2,000 | ... | + 13,000 Local Government | | ... | (incl. Teachers) | 184,000 | ... | + 21,000 Domestic Service | ... | ... | ... +-----------------+----------+----------- Total for “Nonindustrial” | | | Occupations | 983,000 | ... | +310,000 +-----------------+----------+----------- Total for all Occupations | 3,163,000 | ... | +597,500 --------------------------+-----------------+----------+-----------

EXTENT OF SUBSTITUTION OF FEMALE FOR MALE WORKERS IN DECEMBER, 1915, AND APRIL, 1916.

-----------------------------+----------------------------------- |Estimated number of Females on work | in substitution of Males’ work +------------------+---------------- Occupations Group | December, 1915 | April, 1916 -----------------------------+------------------+---------------- Building | 6,100 | 8,800 Mines and Quarries | 2,700 | 4,400 Metal Trades | 70,300 | 117,400 Chemical Trades | 9,600 | 16,200 Textile Trades | 57,600 | 73,400 Clothing Trades | 30,400 | 42,300 Food Trades | 29,500 | 35,000 Paper and Printing Trades | 22,500 | 23,600 Wood Trades | 11,400 | 17,400 Other Trades | 27,000 | 37,400 +------------------+---------------- All “Industrial” Occupations | 267,100 | 375,900 +------------------+---------------- Commercial | ... | 189,000 Professional | ... | 16,000 Banking and Finance | ... | 25,000 Public Entertainment | ... | 32,000 Agriculture | ... | ... Transport | ... | 18,000 Civil Service | ... | 31,000 Arsenals, Dockyards, etc. | ... | 13,000 Local Government | | (incl. Teachers) | ... | 37,000 Domestic Service | ... | ... +------------------+---------------- Total for “Nonindustrial” | | Occupations | ... | 361,000 +------------------+---------------- Total for all Occupations | ... | 736,900 -----------------------------+------------------+----------------