Diseases of Cattle, Sheep, Goats and Swine

SECTION I.. Diseases of the Organs of Locomotion.

DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF LOCOMOTION.

CHAP. PAGE METHODS OF EXAMINATION 1

I. DISEASES OF BONES 3 GENERAL DISEASES 4 Rachitis 4 Osseous Cachexia 7

LOCAL AFFECTIONS 20 Fractures 20 Fractures of the horns 21 Detachment of the horns 23 Fissuring of the horns 24 Fractures of the horns 25

EXOSTOSES 27 Spavin in the ox 27 Ring-bone 28 Suppurating ostitis 29 Bone tumours 30

II. DISEASES OF THE FOOT 31 Congestion of the Claws 31 Contusions of the sole 31 Laminitis 32 Sand crack 34 Pricks and stabs in shoeing 36 Picked-up nails, etc. (“Gathered nail”) 37 Inflammation of the interdigital space (Condylomata) 38 Canker 40 Grease 41 Panaritium—Felon—Whitlow 41 Foot rot 43

III. DISEASES OF THE SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES AND OF THE ARTICULATIONS 45 I. SYNOVIAL MEMBRANES AND ARTICULATIONS 45 Synovitis 45 Inflammation of the patellar synovial capsule 45 Distension of the synovial capsule of the hock joint 46 Distension of tendon sheaths in the hock region 46 Distension of the synovial capsule of the knee joint 47 Distension of the synovial capsule of the fetlock joint 48 Distension of tendon sheaths 48 Distension of tendon sheaths in the region of the knee 49 Distension of the bursal sheath of the flexor tendons 49 Traumatic synovitis—“Open synovitis” 49 Traumatic tendinous synovitis 50 Traumatic articular synovitis—Traumatic arthritis—“Open arthritis” 51

II. STRAINS OF JOINTS 52 Strain of the shoulder 52 Strain of the knee 53 Strain of the fetlock 54 Strain of the stifle joint 54 Strain of the hock joint 55

III. LUXATION OF JOINTS 56 Luxation of the femur 56 Luxation of the patella 58 Luxation of the femoro-tibial articulation 61 Luxation of the scapulo-humeral joint 63

IV. HYGROMAS 64 Hygroma of the knee 65 Hygroma of the haunch 67 Hygroma of the trochanter of the femur 67 Hygroma of the stifle 67 Hygroma of the point of the hock 68 Hygroma of the point of the sternum 69

IV. DISEASES OF MUSCLES AND TENDONS 70 Rupture of the external ischio-tibial muscle (Biceps femoris) 70 Rupture of the flexor metatarsi 72

PARASITIC DISEASES OF MUSCLES 73 Cysticercus disease of the pig 73 Beef measles 79 Trichiniasis—Trichinosis 84

V. RHEUMATISM 89 Articular rheumatism 89 Muscular rheumatism 92

INFECTIOUS FORMS OF RHEUMATISM OR PSEUDO-RHEUMATISM 94 Infectious rheumatism in young animals 94 Infectious pseudo-rheumatism in adults 99 Scurvy—Scorbutus 104

SECTION II.. Diseases of the Digestive Apparatus.

DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. SEMIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS 106

I. DISEASES OF THE MOUTH 121 Stomatitis 121 Simple stomatitis 121 Catarrhal stomatitis in sheep 122 Necrosing stomatitis in calves 123 Mycotic stomatitis in calves 124 Ulcerative stomatitis in sheep 125 General catarrhal stomatitis in swine 126 Ulcerative stomatitis in swine 127 Mercurial stomatitis 128 Glossitis 130 Superficial glossitis 130 Acute deep-seated glossitis 131 Chronic glossitis 132

II. DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS, TONSILS AND PHARYNX 134 Parotiditis (Parotitis) 134 Acute parotiditis 134 Chronic parotiditis—Parotid fistula 136 Inflammation of the submaxillary salivary gland 137 Tonsilitis in pigs 138 Pharyngitis 138 Pseudo-membranous pharyngitis in cattle 141 Pseudo-membranous pharyngitis in sheep 142 Pharyngeal polypi 143

III. DISEASES OF THE ŒSOPHAGUS 145 Œsophagitis 145 Stricture of the œsophagus 148 Dilatation of the œsophagus 149 Œsophageal obstructions 152 Ruptures and perforations of the œsophagus 157

IV. DEPRAVED APPETITE—THE LICKING HABIT—INDIGESTION 158 Depraved appetite in the ox 158 Depraved appetite in calves and lambs 160 Colic in the ox 162 Colic due to ingestion of cold water—Congestive colic 162 Colic due to invagination 163 Colic as a result of strangulation 167 Diseases of the stomach 169 Indigestion 170 Gaseous indigestion 170 Impaction of the rumen—Indigestion as a result of over-eating 175 Impaction of the omasum (third stomach) 179 Abomasal indigestion 182 Acute gastric indigestion in swine 185

V. INFLAMMATION OF THE GASTRIC COMPARTMENTS 186 Rumenitis—Reticulitis—Gastritis 186 Acute gastritis 188 Catarrhal gastritis in swine 190 Ulcerative gastritis 191 Chronic tympanites 194 Gastric disturbance due to foreign bodies 198 Tumours of the gastric compartments 202

VI. ENTERITIS 203 Acute enteritis 203 Hæmorrhagic enteritis 206 Chronic enteritis (Chronic diarrhœa) 207 Dysentery in calves 210 Diarrhœic enteritis in calves 212

VII. POISONING 215 Poisoning due to food 215 Poisoning by caustic alkalies 216 Poisoning by caustic acids 217 Poisoning by common salt 217 Poisoning by the nitrates of potash and soda 217 Poisoning by tartar emetic 218 Poisoning by arsenic 218 Phosphorus poisoning 219 Mercurial poisoning 219 Lead poisoning: Saturnism 220 Copper poisoning 221 Carbolic acid poisoning 221 Poisoning by aloes 221 Iodoform poisoning 222 Iodine poisoning: iodism 222 Strychnine poisoning 222 List of plants poisonous to stock 223 Colchicum poisoning 256 Poisoning by annual mercury 256 Poisoning by bryony 256 Poisoning by castor oil cake 257 Poisoning by cotton cake 257 Poisoning by molasses refuse 258 Diseases produced by distillery and sugar factory pulp 259

VIII. PARASITES OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS 263 Gastro-intestinal strongylosis in sheep 263 Lumbricosis of calves 267 Strongylosis of the abomasum in the ox 268 Parasitic gastro-enteritis, diarrhœa, and anæmia in cattle, sheep and lambs 268 Intestinal coccidiosis of calves and lambs (Psorospermosis, hæmorrhagic enteritis, bloody flux, dysentery, etc.) 271 Intestinal helminthiasis in ruminants 275

IX. DISEASES OF THE LIVER 279 Congestion of the liver 280 Nodular necrosing hepatitis 280 Cancer of the liver and bile ducts 282 Echinococcosis of the liver 283 Suppurative echinococcosis 288 Cysticercosis 290 Distomatosis—Liver fluke disease—Liver rot 293

SECTION III.. Respiratory Apparatus.

RESPIRATORY APPARATUS.

I. EXAMINATION OF THE RESPIRATORY APPARATUS 311

II. NASAL CAVITIES 319 Simple coryza 319 Gangrenous coryza 320 Tumours of the nasal cavities 325 Purulent collections in the nasal sinuses. Nasal gleet 326 Purulent collections in the frontal sinus 327 Purulent collections in the maxillary sinus 329 Œstrus larvæ in the facial sinuses of sheep 330

III. LARYNX, TRACHEA AND BRONCHI 333 Laryngitis 333 Acute laryngitis 333 Pseudo-membranous laryngitis 333 Tumours of the larynx 335 Bronchitis 336 Simple acute bronchitis 337 Chronic bronchitis 337 Pseudo-membranous bronchitis 339 Verminous bronchitis in sheep and cattle (Husk, hoose, etc.) 340

IV. LUNGS AND PLEURÆ 343 Pulmonary congestion 343 Simple pneumonia 343 Pneumonia due to foreign bodies—Mechanical pneumonia 347 Pneumonia due to the migration of foreign bodies from the reticulum 348 Pneumomycosis due to Aspergilli 350 Gangrenous broncho-pneumonia due to foreign bodies 351 Infectious broncho-pneumonia 354 Broncho-pneumonia of sucking calves 356 Sclero-caseous broncho-pneumonia of sheep 358 Pulmonary emphysema 359 Diseases of the pleura 361 Acute pleurisy 361 Chronic pleurisy 362 Pneumo-thorax 362 Hydro-pneumo-thorax and pyo-pneumo-thorax 366

V. DISEASES OF STRUCTURES ENCLOSED WITHIN THE MEDIASTINUM 368 Tumours of the Mediastinum 369

SECTION IV.. The Organs of Circulation.

THE ORGANS OF CIRCULATION.

SEMIOLOGY OF THE ORGANS OF CIRCULATION 370

I. CARDIAC ANOMALIES 374 Ectopia of the heart 374

II. PERICARDITIS 375 Exudative pericarditis due to foreign bodies 376 Chronic pericarditis 389 Pseudo-pericarditis 390

III. ENDOCARDITIS 394

IV. DISEASES OF BLOOD-VESSELS 396 Phlebitis 396 Accidental phlebitis 396 Internal infectious phlebitis (Utero-ovarian phlebitis) 398 Umbilical phlebitis of new-born animals 399 Umbilical phlebitis or omphalo-phlebitis 402

V. DISEASES OF THE BLOOD 406 Septicæmia of new-born animals 406 Takosis: a contagious disease of goats 412 Blood poisoning (Malignant œdema) in sheep and lambs in New Zealand 415 Piroplasmosis 416 Bovine piroplasmosis 416 Bovine piroplasmosis in France 424 Ovine piroplasmosis 425 Diseases produced by trypanosomata 426 Louping-ill 429 Suggested measures for prevention 435 Braxy 435 Bilharziosis in cattle and sheep 439 Heat stroke—Over-exertion 442

VI. DISEASES OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 444 The lymphogenic diathesis 448 Caseous lymphadenitis of the sheep 453 Goitre in calves and lambs 453

SECTION V.. Nervous System.

NERVOUS SYSTEM. Cerebral congestion 456 Meningitis 456 Encephalitis 458 Cerebral Tumours 459 Insolation 460 Post-partum paralysis—Milk fever—Mammary toxæmia—Parturient apoplexy—Dropping after calving 461 Cœnurosis (Gid, sturdy, turn-sick) 467 “Trembling,” or Lumbar prurigo, in sheep 475

SECTION VI.. Diseases of the Peritoneum and Abdominal Cavity.

DISEASES OF THE PERITONEUM AND ABDOMINAL CAVITY.

I. PERITONITIS 478 Acute peritonitis 478 Chronic peritonitis 481 Ascites 483 Peritoneal cysticercosis 485

II. HERNIÆ 487 Congenital herniæ 487 Perineal hernia of young pigs 487 Umbilical hernia 488 Acquired herniæ 489 Hernia of the rumen 490 Hernia of the abomasum 493 Hernia of the intestine 494 Treatment of herniæ 495 Diaphragmatic hernia 496 Eventration 499 Fistulæ of the digestive apparatus 500

SECTION VII.. Genito-Urinary Regions.

GENITO-URINARY REGIONS.

DISEASES OF THE URINARY APPARATUS 502

I. POLYPI OF THE GLANS PENIS AND SHEATH 506 Inflammation of the sheath 506 Persistence of the urachus 508

II. DISEASES OF THE BLADDER 511 Acute cystitis 511 Chronic cystitis 513 Urinary lithiasis. Calculus formation 514 Calculi in bovine animals 515 Urinary calculi in sheep 518 Paralysis of the bladder 519 Eversion of the bladder 519 Hæmaturia 520

III. DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS 527 Congestion of the kidneys 527 Acute nephritis 528 Chronic nephritis 530 Hydro-nephrosis 531 Infectious pyelo-nephritis 533 Suppurative nephritis and perinephritis 537 The kidney worm (Sclerostoma pinguicola) of swine 539

IV. GENITAL APPARATUS 542 Vaginitis 543 Acute vaginitis 544 Contagious vaginitis 545 Croupal vaginitis 545 Chronic vaginitis 546 Metritis 547 Septic metritis 547 Acute metritis 550 Chronic metritis 552 Epizootic abortion in cows 553 Salpingitis—Salpingo-ovaritis 555 Torsion of the uterus 556 Tumours of the uterus 559 Tumours of the ovary 559 Genital malformations 560 Imperforate vagina 560 Nympho-mania 562

V. DISEASES OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS 565 Physiological anomalies 567 Wounds or traumatic lesions 568 Chaps and cracks 568 Milk fistulæ 569 Inflammatory diseases 570 Congestion of the udder 570 Mammitis 571 Acute mammitis 573 Contagious mammitis in milch cows 580 Chronic mammitis 581 Gangrenous mammitis of milch ewes 583 Gangrenous mammitis in goats 584 Cysts of the udder 585 Tumours of the udder 585 Verrucous papillomata of the udder 586

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