Chapter Ix.--Christmas Eve and the Twelve Days

1. Tille, "D. W.," 32 f.

2. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 446.

3. Ibid. 448.

4. Ibid. 449.

5. Ibid. 448; Weinhold, 8 f.

6. Evans, 229.

7. Weinhold, 8.

8. Tille, "Y. & C.," 116.

9. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 444 f.

10. Ibid. 442 f.

11. Ibid. 444.

12. #W. R. S. Ralston, "Songs of the Russian People"# (1st Edition, London, 1872), 186 f.

13. Sebillot, 216.

14. Walsh, 232.

15. Burne and Jackson, 406; Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 311; #Sir Edgar MacCulloch, "Guernsey Folk Lore"# (London, 1903), 34; Thorpe, ii. 272.

16. Walsh, 232.

17. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 311.

18. MacCulloch, "Guernsey Folk Lore," 34 f. Cf. for Germany, Grimm, iv. 1779, 1809.

19. Grimm, iv. 1840.

20. Ralston, 201.

21. #A. Le Braz, "La Legende de la Mort chez les Bretons armoricains"# (Paris, 1902), i. 114 f.

22. Thorpe, ii. 89.

23. Lloyd, 171.

24. Feilberg, ii. 7 f.

25. Ibid. ii. 14.

26. Bilfinger, 52.

27. Feilberg, ii. 3 f.

28. Ibid. ii. 20 f.

29. #A. F. M. Ferryman, "In the Northman's Land"# (London, 1896), 112.

30. Feilberg, ii. 64.

31. Grimm, iv. 1781, 1783, 1793, 1818.

32. Krauss, 181.

33. Accounts of the carols used in Little Russia are given by Mr. Ralston, 186 f., while those sung by the Roumanians are described by Mlle. Stratilesco, 192 f., and those customary in Dalmatia by Sir A. J. Evans, 224 f.

34. Ralston, 193.

35. Stratilesco, 192.

36. Ralston, 197.

37. Chambers, "M. S.," i. 244.

38. #Shakespeare, "Hamlet," Act I. Sc. 1.#

39. Bilfinger, 37 f.

40. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 132. |378|

41. Tylor, i. 362.

42. #W. Golther, "Handbuch der germanischen Mythologie"# (Leipsic, 1895), 283 f.

43. Tille, "D. W.," 173.

44. Henderson, "Folk Lore of the Northern Counties," 132.

45. MacCulloch, "Guernsey Folk Lore," 33 f.

46. Burne and Jackson, 396 f., 403.

47. #R. T. Hampson, "Medii Aevi Kalendarium"# (London, 1841), i. 90.

48. Grimm, iv. 1836; Thorpe, ii. 272.

49. Burne and Jackson, 405.

50. Ibid. 405; MacCulloch, "Religion of the Ancient Celts," 166.

51. #E. H. Meyer, "Mythologie der Germanen"# (Strassburg, 1903), 424; Golther, 491; Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 22 f.

52. Golther, 493.

53. Meyer, 425 f.

54. Ibid. 425 f.

55. Grimm, iii. 925 f.

56. Ibid. i. 268, 275 f.

57. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 22.

58. Grimm, i. 275; Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 23.

59. Ibid. 23.

60. Meyer, 425; Grimm, i. 281.

61. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 21.

62. Golther, 493.

63. Reinsberg-Dueringsfeld, 24.

64. Grimm, i. 274.

65. Meyer, 428.

66. #R. H. Busk, "The Valleys of Tirol"# (London, 1874), 116.

67. Ibid. 118.

68. Ibid. 417.

69. The details given about the Kallikantzaroi are taken, unless otherwise stated, from Lawson, 190 f.

70. Abbott, 74.

71. Hamilton, 108 f.

72. Ibid. 109.

73. Abbott, 218.

74. Ibid. 73 f.

75. Meyer, 85 f.

76. #G. Henderson, "Survivals of Belief among the Celts"# (Glasgow, 1911), 178.

77. Ibid. 177.

78. #F. H. E. Palmer, "Russian Life In Town and Country"# (London, 1901), 178.