Cassell's Natural History, Vol. 3 (of 6)

CHAPTER I.. Artiodactyla--Ruminantia:

ARTIODACTYLA--RUMINANTIA:

BOVIDÆ--SHEEP, GOATS, AND GAZELLES. PAGE

Ruminantia--Chewing the Cud--Metaphorical Expression--The Complicated Stomach: Paunch, Honey-comb Bag, Manyplies, Reed--Order of Events in Rumination--Feet and Dentition of Ruminants--Brain--Classification--HORNED RUMINANTS--Divided into two Groups--Difference between them--BOVIDÆ--Horns--Aberrant Members--SHEEP AND GOATS--General Characteristics--Sheep of South-Western Asia--Merino Sheep--Breeds of Great Britain--Dishley, or Improved Leicesters--Mr. Bakewell’s Description--Southdowns, Cheviots, Welsh, and other British Breeds--Table of the Importation of Colonial and Foreign Wool into the United Kingdom--MARCO POLO’S SHEEP--OORIAL--SHAPOO--MOUFLON--AMMON--BURHEL--AMERICAN ARGALI--WILD SHEEP OF BARBARY--THE GOAT--Compared with the Sheep--Descent--Cashmere Goat--IBEXES--PASENG--Their remarkable Horns--Old Theories as to the Use of the Horns--MARKHOOR--TAHR--GAZELLES--General Characteristics--Sir Victor Brooke’s Classification--THE GAZELLE--Appearance--Habits--ARABIAN GAZELLE--PERSIAN GAZELLE--SOEMMERRING’S GAZELLE--GRANT’S GAZELLE--SPRINGBOK--SAÏGA--CHIRU--THE PALLAH, OR IMPALLA--THE INDIAN ANTELOPE, OR BLACK BUCK 1

CHAPTER II.. Artiodactyla--Ruminantia:

ARTIODACTYLA--RUMINANTIA:

BOVIDÆ: (continued)--ANTELOPES.

THE STEINBOKS: KLIPSPRINGER, OUREBI, STEINBOK, GRYSBOK, MADOQUA--THE BUSH-BUCKS--Appearance--Distinctive Marks--THE FOUR-HORNED ANTELOPES--Peculiarity in the Chikarah--THE WATER ANTELOPES: NAGOR, REITBOK, LECHÈ, AEQUITOON, SING-SING, WATER-BUCK, POKU, REH-BOK--THE ELAND--Beef--Appearance--Captain Cornwallis Harris’ Description--Hunting--Scarcity--THE KOODOO--Appearance--King of Antelopes--ANGAS’ HARNESSED ANTELOPE--THE HARNESSED ANTELOPES: GUIB--BUSH BUCK, OR UKOUKA--Appearance--Pluck--THE BOVINE ANTELOPES--THE BUBALINE--HARTEBEEST--BLESBOK--BONTEBOK--SASSABY--THE GNU--Grotesque Appearance--Habits--BRINDLED GNU--THE CAPRINE ANTELOPES--SEROW--Ungainly Habits--GORAL--CAMBING-OUTAN--TAKIN--MAZAMA--THE CHAMOIS--Distribution--Appearance--Voice--Hunted--THE ORYXES--BLAUBOK--SABLE ANTELOPE--BAKER’S ANTELOPE--ORYX--BEISA--BEATRIX--GEMSBOK--ADDAX 17

CHAPTER III.. Artiodactyla--Ruminantia:

ARTIODACTYLA--RUMINANTIA:

BOVIDÆ (concluded)--OXEN, PRONGHORN ANTELOPE, MUSK , AND GIRAFFE.

THE NYL-GHAU--Description--Habits--THE MUSK OX--Difficulties in associating it--Distribution--Habits--THE OX--Chillingham Wild Cattle--Their Habits--Domestic Cattle--The Collings, Booth, and Bates Strains--American Breeding--Shorthorns, and other Breeds--Hungarian Oxen--Zebu--Gour--Gayal--Curious mode of Capturing Gayals--Banting--THE BISONS--Description--European Bison, or Aurochs--Almost extinct--Cæsar’s Description of it--American Bison--Distribution--Mythical Notions regarding it--Their Ferocity and Stupidity--“Buffalo” Flesh--THE YAK--Habits--THE BUFFALOES--Varieties--Description--Fight between two Bulls--THE ANOA--THE PRONGHORN ANTELOPE--Peculiarity as to its Horns and Skull--Professor Baird’s and Mr. Bartlett’s Independent Discovery of the Annual Shedding of the Horns--Habits--Peculiarity about its Feet--Colour--Difficulties as to its Position--THE MUSK --Its Perfume--Where is it to be placed?--Description--Habits--Hunters for the Perfume--Their Sufferings--THE GIRAFFE--Peculiarities--Skull processes--Its Neck--Habitat--Running power--Habits--Hunting 29

CHAPTER IV.. The Cervidæ, or Antlered Ruminants:

THE CERVIDÆ, OR ANTLERED RUMINANTS:

THE ELK, ELAPHINE, SUB-ELAPHINE, AND RUSINE DEER.

The Deer Tribe--Distinguishing Characters--Exceptions to the rule--The Musk (Deer) and Chinese Water Deer--Other Characters of the Cervidæ--Antlers, their Nature, Growth, and Shedding--The Knob--“Velvet”--Getting rid of the “Velvet”--Full equipment--Contests--Interlocking Antlers--Distribution--Classification--Development of Antlers in the Common RED DEER--Explanation of the various stages--Splendid “Heads”--Simple and Complex Antlers--Types of Antlers--THE ELK, OR MOOSE DEER--Appearance--Antlers--Habits--Hunting--THE ELAPHINE DEER--THE RED DEER--Distribution--Appearance--Hunting--THE WAPITI--Acting of the Fawns--THE PERSIAN DEER, OR MARAL--THE CASHMERIAN DEER, OR BARASINGHA--Habits and General Appearance--BARBARY DEER--SUB-ELAPHINE DEER--THE JAPANESE, FORMOSAN, AND MANTCHURIAN DEER--THE FALLOW DEER--Peculiarity of its Antlers--THE PERSIAN FALLOW DEER--THE RUSINE DEER--THE SAMBUR, OR GEROW--Habits--Species of Java, Formosa, Sumatra, Borneo, Timor, Ternate, and The Philippines--THE HOG DEER--THE AXIS DEER--PRINCE ALFRED’S DEER--THE SWAMP DEER--SCHOMBURGK’S DEER--ELD’S DEER, OR THE THAMYN--Description--Habits--Hunting--Shameful havoc 46

CHAPTER V.. The Muntjacs--the Roebuck--Chinese Deer--Reindeer--American

THE MUNTJACS--THE ROEBUCK--CHINESE DEER--REINDEER--AMERICAN DEER--DEERLETS--CAMEL TRIBE--LLAMAS.

THE MUNTJACS--Distribution--Characters--THE INDIAN MUNTJAC, OR KIDANG--Hunting--THE CHINESE MUNTJAC--Habits--DAVID’S MUNTJAC--“Shanyang”--THE ROEBUCK--THE CHINESE WATER DEER--Peculiarity--Chinese Superstition regarding it--THE CHINESE ELAPHURE--Peculiarity of its Antlers--THE REINDEER--Distribution--Character--Colouration--Antlers--Canadian Breeds--Food--THE AMERICAN DEER--THE VIRGINIAN DEER--THE MULE DEER--THE BLACK-TAILED DEER--THE GUAZUS--THE BROCKETS--THE VENADA, OR PUDU DEER--THE CHEVROTAINS, OR DEERLETS--Antlerless--Their Position--Bones of their Feet--General Form and Proportions--Species--THE MEMINNA, OR INDIAN DEERLET--THE JAVAN DEERLET--THE KANCHIL--THE STANLEYAN DEERLET--THE WATER DEERLET--THE CAMEL TRIBE--Their Feet--Stomach--Its Peculiarity--The Water Cells--THE (TRUE) CAMEL--Description--The Pads of Hardened Skin--Its Endurance--Its Disposition--Anecdote of its Revengeful Nature--THE BACTRIAN CAMEL--THE LLAMAS--Description--Habits--Used as Beasts of Burden--Wild and Domesticated Species--THE HUANACO--THE LLAMA--THE VICUNA--THE ALPACA--The Alpaca Industry--FOSSIL RUMINANTIA--Strata in which they are Found--Chœropotamus--Hyopotamus--Dichobune--Xiphodon --Cainotherium--Oreodon--Sivatherium--Fossil Deer, Oxen, Goats, Sheep, Camels, Llamas, Antelopes, Giraffes--The Irish Elk--Its huge Antlers--Its Skeleton--Ally--Distribution 61

ORDER RODENTIA.

CHAPTER I.. Introduction--the Squirrel, Marmot, Anomalure, Haplodont, and

INTRODUCTION--THE SQUIRREL, MARMOT, ANOMALURE, HAPLODONT, AND BEAVER FAMILIES.

Character of the Order--A well-defined Group--Teeth Evidence--Kinds and Number of Teeth--The Incisors: their Growth, Renewal, and Composition--The Molars--The Gnawing Process--Skeleton--Brain--Senses--Body--Insectivora and Rodentia--Food of Rodents--Classification--THE SIMPLE-TOOTHED RODENTS--Characteristics--THE SQUIRREL-LIKE RODENTS--SCIURIDÆ--Distinctive Features--THE COMMON SQUIRREL--Form--Distribution--Food--Bad Qualities--Habits--THE GREY SQUIRREL--THE FOX SQUIRREL--Flying Squirrels--Their Parachute Membrane--THE TAGUAN--Appearance--Habits--Other Species--THE POLATOUCHE--THE ASSAPAN--The Genus Xerus--THE GROUND SQUIRRELS--THE COMMON CHIPMUNK--THE MARMOTS--Distinguishing Features--THE SPERMOPHILES--THE GOPHER--THE SISEL, OR SUSLIK--THE BARKING SQUIRRELS--THE PRAIRIE DOG--Description--Species--Habits--Burrows--Fellow-inmates in their “Villages”--THE TRUE MARMOTS--THE BOBAC--THE ALPINE MARMOT--THE WOODCHUCK--THE HOARY MARMOT, OR WHISTLER--ANOMALURIDÆ--Tail Peculiarity--Distinctive Features--HAPLODONTIDÆ--Description--THE SEWELLEL--CASTORIDÆ--THE BEAVER--Skeletal Peculiarities--General Form--Appearance--Distribution--The Beavers of the Old and New World--Habits--Wonderful Sagacity--The Building Instinct--Their Method of Working--The various Stages--Their Lodges--Their Dams--Activity by Night--Flesh--Hunted--The Castoreum 81

CHAPTER II.. The Dormouse, Lophiomys, Rat, and Mouse Families.

THE DORMOUSE, LOPHIOMYS, RAT, AND MOUSE FAMILIES.

THE MOUSE-LIKE RODENTS--MYOXIDÆ--Characteristics--THE DORMOUSE--Description--Habits--Activity--Food--Winter Condition--THE LOIR--THE GARDEN DORMOUSE--LOPHIOMYIDÆ--How the Family came to be Founded--THE LOPHIOMYS--Milne-Edwards’ Opinion--Skull--General Form--Habits--MURIDÆ--Number of Species--Characteristics--Variety of Forms--Distribution--The Murine Sub-Family--THE BROWN RAT--History--Fecundity and Ferocity--Diet--At the Horse Slaughter-houses of Montfaucon--Shipwrecked on Islands--Story of their Killing a Man in a Coal-pit--In the Sewers of Paris and London--THE BLACK RAT--THE EGYPTIAN RAT--THE COMMON MOUSE--Habits--Destructiveness--Colours--THE LONG-TAILED FIELD MOUSE--Description--Food--THE HARVEST MOUSE--Description--Habits--In Winter--Agility--Their Nest--THE BANDICOOT RAT--THE TREE RAT--THE STRIPED MOUSE--Allied Genera--THE WHITE-FOOTED HAPALOTE--The American Murines--THE WHITE-FOOTED, OR DEER MOUSE--THE GOLDEN, OR RED MOUSE--THE RICE-FIELD MOUSE--THE AMERICAN HARVEST MOUSE--THE FLORIDA RAT--Description--Their Nest--Food--Mother and Young--THE BUSHY-TAILED WOOD RAT--THE COTTON RAT--THE RABBIT-LIKE REITHRODON--THE HAMSTERS--Characteristics--Appearance--Distribution-- Burrows--Disposition--Food--Habits--THE TREE MICE--THE BLACK-STREAKED TREE MICE--THE GERBILLES--Characteristics--Habits--Other Genera--THE WATER MICE--Characteristics--Species--THE SMINTHUS--THE VOLES--Characteristics--THE WATER VOLE--Appearance--Distribution--Food--THE FIELD VOLE--THE BANK VOLE--THE SOUTHERN FIELD VOLE--THE SNOW MOUSE--THE ROOT VOLE--THE MEADOW MOUSE--THE PINE MOUSE--THE MUSQUASH, MUSK RAT, OR ONDATRA--Distinguishing Features--Habits--His House--THE LEMMING--Description--Food--Habits--Disposition--Their Extraordinary Migrations--Other Lemmings--THE ZOKOR 101

CHAPTER III.. Mole Rats, Pouched Rats, Pouched Mice, Jerboas, and

MOLE RATS, POUCHED RATS, POUCHED MICE, JERBOAS, AND OCTODONTIDÆ.

SPALACIDÆ, OR MOLE RATS--Characteristics of the Family--Habits--Food--THE MOLE RAT--Distribution--Description--THE CHESTNUT MOLE RAT--THE NAKED MOLE RAT--THE STRAND MOLE RAT--Description--Habits--THE CAPE MOLE RAT--GEOMYIDÆ, OR POUCHED RATS--Characteristics of the Family--The Cheek-pouches--THE COMMON POCKET GOPHER--Distribution--Description--Burrowing--Runs--Subterranean Dwelling--THE NORTHERN POCKET GOPHER--HETEROMYINÆ, OR POUCHED MICE--Difficulties as to Position--Characteristics--PHILLIPS’ POCKET MOUSE--Where Found--Description--THE YELLOW POCKET MOUSE--THE LEAST POCKET MOUSE--DIPODIDÆ, OR JERBOAS--Organisation for Jumping--Characteristics--Distribution--THE AMERICAN JUMPING MOUSE--Description--Characters peculiar to itself--Habits--THE TRUE JERBOAS--Characters--THE JERBOA--Distribution--Habits--Mode of Locomotion--THE ALACTAGA--THE CAPE JUMPING HARE--THE PORCUPINE-LIKE RODENTS--OCTODONTIDÆ--Characteristics--Sub-Family CTENODACTYLINÆ--THE GUNDI--THE DEGU--Description--Habits--THE BROWN SCHIZODON--THE TUKOTUKO--THE CURURO--THE ROCK RAT--Sub-Family, ECHINOMYINÆ--THE COYPU--One of the Largest Rodents--Description--Burrows--Habits--Mother and Young--THE HUTIA CONGA--THE HUTIA CARABALI--THE GROUND RAT 120

CHAPTER IV.. Porcupines--Chinchillas--Agoutis--Cavies--Hares and

PORCUPINES--CHINCHILLAS--AGOUTIS--CAVIES--HARES AND RABBITS--PIKAS.

HYSTRICIDÆ, THE PORCUPINES--Conversion of Hairs into Spines--Skull--Dentition--Tail--Sub-families--The True Porcupines--The Tree Porcupines--THE COMMON PORCUPINE--Distribution--Description--The Crest of Bristles--Nature of the Spines--Habits--Young--Flesh--On the Defensive--Other Species--Species of Tree Porcupines--THE COUENDOU--THE COUIY--Description--Habits--THE URSON, OR CANADA PORCUPINE--Description--Habits--Food--CHINCHILLIDÆ, THE CHINCHILLAS--Characteristics--THE VISCACHA--Description--Life on the Pampas--Their Burrows--Habits--The Chinchillas of the Andes--THE CHINCHILLA--THE SHORT-TAILED CHINCHILLA--CUVIER’S CHINCHILLA--THE PALE-FOOTED CHINCHILLA--DASYPROCTIDÆ, THE AGOUTIS--Characters--THE AGOUTI--Distribution--Appearance--Habits--AZARA’S AGOUTI--THE ACOUCHY--THE PACA--Appearance--Distribution--Habits--DINOMYIDÆ--Founded for a Single Species--Description--Rarity--CAVIIDÆ, THE CAVIES--Characteristics--THE RESTLESS CAVY--Appearance--Habits--The Guinea-Pig Controversy--THE BOLIVIAN CAVY--THE ROCK CAVY--THE SOUTHERN CAVY--THE PATAGONIAN CAVY, OR MARA--Peculiar Features--Its Burrows--Mode of Running--THE CAPYBARA--Its Teeth--Where Found--Habits--THE DOUBLE-TOOTHED RODENTS--Characteristics--LEPORIDÆ, THE HARES AND RABBITS--Structural Peculiarities--Distribution--Disposition--THE COMMON HARE--Hind Legs--Speed--Its “Doubles”--Other Artifices--Its “Form”--Habits--Food--Pet Hares--THE RABBIT--Distribution--Habits--Domesticated--THE MOUNTAIN HARE--LAGOMYIDÆ, THE PIKAS--Characteristics--Distribution--THE ALPINE PIKA--THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN PIKA 133

CHAPTER V.. Fossil Rodentia.

FOSSIL RODENTIA.

Families of Rodents represented by Fossil Remains--State of the “Record of the Rocks”--THE SCIURIDÆ--Sciurine Genera now Extinct--No Fossil ANOMALURIDÆ and HAPLODONTIDÆ--ISCHYROMYIDÆ--Pseudotomus hians--Gymnoptychus--CASTORIDÆ--Mr. Allen’s CASTOROIDIDÆ--THE MYOXIDÆ--No Fossil LOPHIOMYIDÆ--THE MURIDÆ--THE SPALACIDÆ--THE GEOMYIDÆ--THE DIPODIDÆ--THE THERIDOMYIDÆ--THE OCTODONTIDÆ--THE HYSTRICIDÆ--THE CHINCHILLIDÆ--THE DASYPROCTIDÆ--THE CAVIIDÆ--THE LEPORIDÆ--THE LAGOMYIDÆ--Mesotherium cristatum--Difficulties concerning it--Mr. Alston’s Suggestion--THE HEBETIDENTATA--Teeth--Skull--Skeleton--Conclusions regarding it--Table of Rodent Families--Concluding Remarks 151

ORDER EDENTATA, OR BRUTA (ANIMALS WITHOUT FRONT TEETH).

CHAPTER I.. Sloths.

SLOTHS.

The South American Forests--Discovery of the Sloth--How it derived its Name--Peculiarities of Dentition--Food--Fore Limbs and Fingers--Hind Limbs and Heel--Other Modifications of Structure--Kinds of Sloth--Waterton’s Captive Sloth--Habits of the Animal--Burchell’s Tame Sloths--Manner of Climbing Trees--Disposition--Activity among Trees--Naturalists’ Debate about Anatomy--Probable Conclusion regarding it--Skeleton--Vertebræ--the Rudimentary Tail--Most Distinctive Skeletal Characters--Arm, Wrist, Hand, Fingers, Claws--Mode of Walking--Great Utility of the Claws--Face of Sloth--Skull--Teeth--Classification--TARDIGRADA--BRADIPODIDÆ--Genus BRADYPUS--Characteristics--Genus ARCTOPITHECUS--Characteristics--CHOLŒPODIDÆ--THE COLLARED SLOTH--Description--Skull Bones--Habits--Circulation of the Blood--Rete Mirabile--THE AI--THE UNAU--Appearance--Skull and Teeth--Skeleton--Interesting Anatomical Features--Stomach--HOFFMANN’S SLOTH--Description--Habits 158

CHAPTER II.. The Ant-Eaters.

THE ANT-EATERS.

THE CAPE ANT-EATER--The Cage at “the Zoo”--Appearance of the Animal--Its Prey--The Ant-hills-How the Orycteropus obtains its Food--Place in the Order--Teeth--Skull--Tongue--Interesting Questions concerning the Ant-eater--THE PANGOLINS, OR SCALY ANT-EATERS--THE AFRICAN SCALY ANT-EATERS--Differences between the Pangolins and Cape Ant-eaters--Their Habitat--Description--TEMMINCK’S PANGOLIN--Habits--Food--How it Feeds--Superstitious Regard for it shown by the Natives--Scarcity--Appearance--THE LONG-TAILED, OR FOUR-FINGERED PANGOLIN--THE GREAT MANIS--THE ASIATIC SCALY ANT-EATERS--THE SHORT-TAILED, OR FIVE-FINGERED PANGOLIN--The Species of Manis--Skull--Stomach--Claws fitted for Digging--Other Skeletal Peculiarities--THE AMERICAN ANT-EATERS--General Appearance--Genera--THE GREAT ANT-BEAR--Habits--Diet--How it Procures its Food--Distribution--Mode and Rate of Locomotion--Stupidity--Manner of Assault and Defence--Stories of its Contests with other Animals--Appearance--THE TAMANDUA--Description--Where Found--Habits--Odour--THE TWO-TOED ANT-EATER--Appearance--Two-clawed Hand--Habits--Von Sach’s Account of his Specimen 169

CHAPTER III.. The Armadillo Family.

THE ARMADILLO FAMILY.

The Armour-plates--How the Shields are formed--Their connection with the Body--Description of the Animals--Mode of Walking--Diet--Skeleton--Adaptation of their Limbs for Burrowing--Classification--THE GREAT ARMADILLO--Appearance--Great Burrower--THE TATOUAY--THE POYOU, OR YELLOW-FOOTED ARMADILLO--THE PELUDO, OR HAIRY ARMADILLO--THE PICHIY--THE PEBA, OR BLACK TATOU--THE MULE ARMADILLO--THE BALL ARMADILLO--Dr. Murie’s Account of its Habits--Description--The Muscles by which it Rolls itself up and Unrolls itself--THE PICHICIAGO--Concluding Remarks: Classification of the Order, Fossil Edentates, the Allied Species of Manis in South Africa and Hindostan 181

ORDER MARSUPIALIA, MARSUPIAL OR POUCHED ANIMALS.

SUB-ORDER MARSUPIATA.

CHAPTER I.. The Kangaroo and Wombat Families.

THE KANGAROO AND WOMBAT FAMILIES.

THE GREAT KANGAROO--Captain Cook and the Great Kangaroo--Habitat--Appearance of the Animal--Marsupials separated from the other Mammalian Orders, and why (Footnote)--Gestation and Birth of Young (Footnote)--Mode of Running--The Short Fore Limbs--The Marsupium, or Pouch--Head--Dentition--Peculiarities in the Teeth--Hind Extremities--Foot--Great Claw--How the Erect Position is maintained--Whence their Jumping Power is derived--Other Skeletal Peculiarities--Kangaroo Hunts--Becoming Rarer--Mode of Attack and Defence--Hands--Bones of the Fore Limbs--Skull--Stomach--Circulation of Blood--Peculiarity in Young--Nervous System not fully developed--Brain--The Baby Kangaroo in the Pouch--THE HARE KANGAROO--THE GREAT ROCK KANGAROO--THE RED KANGAROO--THE BRUSH KANGAROO--THE BRUSH-TAILED ROCK KANGAROO--THE COMMON TREE KANGAROO--THE KANGAROO-RATS--Characteristics--THE RAT-TAILED HYPSIPRYMNUS--Description--THE WOMBAT FAMILY--THE WOMBAT--Peculiarities--Description--Habits--Teeth--Skeleton 191

CHAPTER II.. The Phalanger, Pouched Badger, and Dasyure Families.

THE PHALANGER, POUCHED BADGER, AND DASYURE FAMILIES.

THE PHALANGER FAMILY--THE KOALA--Habits--Characteristics--THE CUSCUS--THE VULPINE PHALANGER--THE DORMOUSE PHALANGER--Habits--Remarkable Characters--THE FLYING PHALANGERS--Its Flying Machine--Habits--THE SQUIRREL FLYING PHALANGERS--Habits--The Parachute-like Membrane--Exciting Scene on board a Vessel--Characteristics--THE OPOSSUM MOUSE--THE NOOLBENGER, OR TAIT--A Curiosity among Marsupials--Distinctive Features--THE POUCHED BADGER FAMILY--Characteristics--THE RABBIT-EARED PERAMELES--THE BANDICOOT--THE BANDED PERAMELES--THE PIG-FOOTED PERAMELES--Discussion regarding it--Characteristics--THE DASYURUS FAMILY--Characteristics--THE POUCHED ANT-EATERS--THE BANDED MYRMECOBIUS--Description--Great number of Teeth--History--Food--Habits--Range--THE URSINE DASYURE--Appearance--“Native Devil”--Ferocity--Havoc among the Sheep of the Settlers--Trap to Catch them--Its Teeth--A True Marsupial, though strikingly like the Carnivora--Skeletal Characters peculiar to itself--MAUGE’S DASYURE--THE DOG-HEADED THYLACINUS--Description--Resemblance to the Dog--Habits--Peculiarities--THE BRUSH-TAILED PHASCOGALE--Description--Other Varieties 203

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