Part 43

8. Explain the cardinal and distinctive element of socialism. Page 168.

9. Enumerate the socialists’ criticisms of our present methods of production. Page 168.

10. What do socialists urge as bases of distribution? What basis do socialists of today agree is the best one to meet the requirements of justice? Page 170.

11. What were Henry George’s arguments against private ownership of lands? Page 171.

12. What is the real issue as to the municipalization of local public utilities? Page 172.

Economic Progress.

1. What improvement has been made in the condition of the working class in the United States? In Great Britain? Page 173.

2. What factors have aided in the enormous expansion 414 of production? Page 174.

3. Give two reasons why labor has not profited more by the great increase of wealth. Page 175.

4. State some lines along which reform is needed. Page 176.

Manufacturing.

1. How does the word “manufactures” as it is ordinarily used today differ from its original meaning? Page 180.

2. What conditions have made western Europe and the eastern part of the United States great manufacturing sections? Page 183.

Modern Manufacturing Systems.

1. What new occupations did the factory system develop? Page 186.

2. How did the use of steam affect the location of factories? Page 187.

3. What factors made the price of silk so high before the nineteenth century? Page 188.

4. Why is Gary, Indiana, an advantageous location for a manufacturing center? Page 189.

5. How is it possible to operate by water power, a factory located a hundred miles from a waterfall? Give two examples. Page 190.

6. Illustrate the use of electricity in a typical modern factory. Page 192.

Use of Machinery in Manufacturing.

1. Describe the first machine used in the making of yarn. Page 193.

2. Enumerate some of the machines invented in the eighteenth century. Page 195.

3. How did the invention of machinery affect the importation of cotton? Page 196.

4. Show the need of machinery in the iron and steel 415 industry. Page 197.

5. Describe the earliest process of making pig iron. Page 198.

6. What is the Bessemer process of making steel? Page 201.

7. What have been the causes of the great development of the iron and steel industry? Page 201.