Part 28

Democratic and low-tariff years.

Preliminary figures.

Annual Production of Bessemer Steel Rails in the United States from 307 1867 to 1907, and their Average Annual Price at the Works in Pennsylvania.

======+===========+=========++======+===========+========= Years.|Gross tons.| Price. ||Years.|Gross tons.| Price. ------+-----------+---------++------+-----------+--------- 1867 | 2,277 | $166.00 || 1888 | 1,386,277 | $29.83 1868 | 6,451 | 158.46 || 1889 | 1,510,057 | 29.25 1869 | 8,616 | 132.19 || 1890 | 1,867,837 | 31.78 1870 | 30,357 | 106.79 || 1891 | 1,293,053 | 29.92 1871 | 34,152 | 102.52 || 1892 | 1,537,588 | 30.00 1872 | 83,991 | 111.94 || 1893 | 1,129,400 | 28.12 1873 | 115,192 | 120.58 || 1894 | 1,016,013 | 24.00 1874 | 129,414 | 94.28 || 1895 | 1,299,628 | 24.33 1875 | 259,699 | 68.75 || 1896 | 1,116,958 | 28.00 1876 | 368,269 | 59.25 || 1897 | 1,644,520 | 18.75 1877 | 385,865 | 45.58 || 1898 | 1,976,702 | 17.62 1878 | 491,427 | 42.21 || 1899 | 2,270,585 | 28.12 1879 | 610,682 | 48.21 || 1900 | 2,383,654 | 32.29 1880 | 852,196 | 67.52 || 1901 | 2,870,816 | 27.33 1881 | 1,187,770 | 61.08 || 1902 | 2,985,892 | 28.00 1882 | 1,284,067 | 48.50 || 1903 | 2,946,756 | 28.00 1883 | 1,148,709 | 87.75 || 1904 | 2,137,957 | 28.00 1884 | 996,983 | 30.75 || 1905 | 3,192,347 | 28.00 1885 | 959,471 | 28.52 || 1906 | 3,791,459 | 28.00 1886 | 1,574,703 | 34.52 || 1907 | 3,380,025 | 28.00 1887 | 2,101,904 | 37.08 || | | ------+-----------+---------++------+-----------+--------

Production of Tin Plates in and Importation of Tin Plates into the United States, 1891 to 1908, in long tons.

=========+===========+============++========+===========+============ | |Importation,|| | |Importation, Calendar |Production,| Long tons. ||Calendar|Production,| Long tons. Year. | Long tons.| || Year. | Long tons.| ---------+-----------+------------++--------+-----------+------------ 1891 | 552 | 327,882 || 1900 | 302,665 | 60,386 1892 | 18,803 | 268,472 || 1901 | 399,291 | 77,395 1893 | 55,182 | 253,155 || 1902 | 366,000 | 60,115 1894 | 74,260 | 215,068 || 1903 | 480,000 | 47,360 1895 | 113,666 | 219,545 || 1904 | 458,000 | 70,652 1896 | 160,862 | 119,171 || 1905 | 493,500 | 65,740 1897 | 256,598 | 83,851 || 1906 | 577,562 | 56,983 1898 | 326,915 | 67,222 || 1907 | 514,777 | 57,773 1899 | 397,767 | 58,915 || 1908 | -- | 58,490 ---------+-----------+------------++--------+-----------+------------

Commerce of the United States by Great Groups and Share which 308 Manufactures and Raw Material Formed of the Total, 1820 to 1909.

Imports.

======================================================= | Foodstuffs in | Foodstuffs partly | Year ending | crude condition | or wholly | | and food animals. | manufactured. | June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 1820 | 6,081,641| 11.15 | 10,820,814| 19.85 | 1830 | 7,382,274| 11.77 | 9,653,971| 15.39 | 1840 | 15,273,321| 15.54 | 15,188,845| 15.46 | 1850 | 18,011,659| 10.38 | 21,465,776| 12.37 | 1860 | 35,743,826| 10.11 | 53,771,067| 15.21 | 1870 | 53,981,838| 12.38 | 96,253,561| 22.08 | 1875 | 90,018,885| 16.89 |113,145,852| 21.23 | 1880 |100,297,040| 15.01 |118,125,216| 17.69 | 1881 |102,486,852| 15.95 |123,380,388| 19.20 | 1882 |104,947,672| 14.49 |139,438,506| 19.24 | 1883 | 93,091,358| 12.87 |142,127,926| 19.65 | 1884 |103,010,830| 15.43 |130,778,286| 19.59 | 1885 | 93,345,583| 16.16 |102,937,933| 17.82 | 1886 | 91,588,644| 14.41 |112,771,436| 17.75 | 1887 |106,362,234| 15.36 |111,714,382| 16.14 | 1888 |116,087,107| 16.03 |111,048,075| 15.34 | 1889 |123,130,984| 16.53 |122,254,266| 16.41 | 1890 |128,480,142| 16.28 |133,332,031| 16.89 | 1891 |150,639,399| 17.83 |147,721,884| 17.48 | 1892 |175,558,861| 21.22 |139,794,773| 16.89 | 1893 |131,663,968| 15.19 |153,739,181| 17.75 | 1894 |133,309,989| 20.35 |155,348,824| 23.72 | 1895 |141,377,238| 19.31 |107,026,180| 14.63 | 1896 |130,002,310| 16.67 |118,805,703| 15.24 | 1897 |128,379,785| 16.79 |129,244,951| 16.90 | 1898 |103,984,608| 16.88 | 86,091,010| 13.97 | 1899 | 98,933,256| 14.19 |123,448,135| 17.71 | 1900 | 97,916,293| 11.52 |133,027,374| 15.65 | 1901 |110,385,208| 13.43 |125,540,654| 15.25 | 1902 |120,280,302| 13.31 | 95,350,256| 10.56 | 1903 |119,202,674| 11.62 |116,620,623| 11.37 | 1904 |132,223,895| 13.34 |118,222,862| 11.93 | 1905 |146,130,903| 13.08 |145,355,839| 13.01 | 1906 |134,315,448| 10.95 |140,358,114| 11.44 | 1907 |149,747,693| 10.44 |158,656,263| 11.06 | 1908 |145,577,427| 12.19 |147,008,870| 12.31 | 1909 |163,921,598| 12.49 |165,028,764| 12.58 | ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------| ======================================================= | Crude materials | Manufactures for | Year ending | for use in | further use in | | manufacturing. | manufacturing. | June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 1820 | 1,983,706| 3.64 | 4,079,064| 7.48 | 1830 | 4,214,825| 6.72 | 5,152,486| 8.22 | 1840 | 11,510,245| 11.71 | 11,356,196| 11.56 | 1850 | 11,711,266| 6.75 | 26,163,152| 15.08 | 1860 | 37,073,022| 10.49 | 23,613,395| 6.67 | 1870 | 53,118,022| 12.18 | 54,545,306| 12.51 | 1875 | 78,891,769| 14.80 | 63,411,606| 11.89 | 1880 |131,861,617| 19.74 |110,779,516| 16.59 | 1881 |114,244,631| 17.77 | 87,790,890| 13.66 | 1882 |131,356,113| 18.13 | 98,623,766| 13.61 | 1883 |133,612,450| 18.48 | 98,755,423| 13.66 | 1884 |119,150,641| 17.84 | 94,698,249| 14.18 | 1885 |106,774,553| 18.49 | 78,254,677| 13.55 | 1886 |128,434,759| 20.22 | 91,539,244| 14.40 | 1887 |143,361,050| 20.71 |120,079,754| 17.34 | 1888 |155,057,432| 21.42 |121,605,094| 16.80 | 1889 |163,548,106| 21.94 |115,079,918| 15.44 | 1890 |170,637,250| 21.62 |116,924,080| 14.81 | 1891 |184,175,197| 21.80 |136,446,309| 16.15 | 1892 |188,317,595| 22.76 |112,729,303| 13.63 | 1893 |209,277,112| 24.16 |135,608,418| 15.65 | 1894 |130,086,011| 19.86 | 82,894,732| 12.65 | 1895 |180,939,902| 24.72 | 96,486,622| 13.18 | 1896 |197,646,852| 25.35 |101,070,937| 12.96 | 1897 |196,159,371| 25.66 | 88,490,406| 11.57 | 1898 |189,322,244| 30.73 | 79,288,417| 12.88 | 1899 |208,565,691| 29.91 | 91,953,914| 13.19 | 1900 |276,241,152| 32.50 |134,222,045| 15.79 | 1901 |248,006,751| 30.13 |127,576,924| 15.49 | 1902 |303,001,868| 33.55 |147,656,292| 16.34 | 1903 |330,491,084| 32.22 |195,750,847| 19.08 | 1904 |320,794,431| 32.37 |160,233,890| 16.17 | 1905 |389,160,658| 34.82 |177,827,960| 15.91 | 1906 |414,687,999| 33.81 |220,298,751| 17.96 | 1907 |477,027,174| 33.25 |274,096,464| 19.11 | 1908 |363,482,258| 30.43 |196,248,409| 16.43 | 1909 |453,319,751| 34.55 |222,580,277| 16.97 | ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ ==================================================================== | Manufactures | | Year ending | ready for | Miscellaneous. | Total. | consumption. | | June 30-- +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+------------- | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+------------- 1820 | 30,998,900| 56.86 | 556,709| 1.02 | 54,520,834 1830 | 35,734,837| 56.97 | 582,563| .93 | 62,720,956 1840 | 44,300,005| 45.09 | 630,094| .64 | 98,258,706 1850 | 95,312,499| 54.93 | 845,174| .49 | 173,509,526 1860 |199,878,690| 56.52 | 3,536,119| 1.00 | 353,616,119 1870 |173,034,847| 39.69 | 5,024,834| 1.16 | 435,958,408 1875 |177,891,440| 33.38 | 9,645,884| 1.81 | 533,005,436 1880 |196,587,405| 29.43 | 10,303,952| 1.54 | 667,954,746 1881 |203,725,925| 31.70 | 11,035,942| 1.72 | 642,664,628 1882 |238,716,691| 32.94 | 11,556,826| 1.59 | 724,639,574 1883 |242,945,562| 33.59 | 12,648,195| 1.75 | 723,180,914 1884 |207,771,072| 31.12 | 12,288,615| 1.84 | 667,697,693 1885 |182,543,076| 31.61 | 13,671,507| 2.37 | 577,527,329 1886 |194,791,568| 30.65 | 16,310,485| 2.57 | 635,436,136 1887 |202,800,073| 29.29 | 8,002,275| 1.16 | 692,319,768 1888 |211,218,652| 29.17 | 8,940,754| 1.24 | 723,957,114 1889 |212,482,518| 28.52 | 8,635,860| 1.16 | 745,131,652 1890 |230,685,581| 29.23 | 9,251,325| 1.17 | 789,310,409 1891 |217,577,775| 25.75 | 8,355,632| .99 | 844,916,196 1892 |204,543,857| 24.72 | 6,458,073| .78 | 827,402,462 1893 |228,764,866| 26.40 | 7,347,377| .85 | 866,400,922 1894 |148,798,021| 22.72 | 4,557,045| .70 | 654,994,622 1895 |199,543,108| 27.26 | 6,596,915| .90 | 731,969,965 1896 |226,639,759| 29.07 | 5,559,113| .71 | 779,724,674 1897 |217,843,918| 28.48 | 4,611,981| .60 | 764,730,412 1898 |153,025,210| 24.84 | 4,338,165| .70 | 616,049,654 1899 |169,516,630| 24.32 | 4,730,863| .68 | 697,148,489 1900 |203,126,341| 23.90 | 5,407,979| .64 | 849,941,184 1901 |205,505,580| 24.96 | 6,157,048| .74 | 823,172,165 1902 |231,420,820| 25.62 | 5,611,410| .62 | 903,320,948 1903 |257,757,184| 25.13 | 5,896,825| .58 |1,025,719,237 1904 |252,857,673| 25.51 | 6,754,620| .68 | 991,087,371 1905 |252,372,650| 22.58 | 6,665,061| .60 |1,117,513,071 1906 |307,801,154| 25.10 | 9,100,980| .74 |1,226,562,446 1907 |364,192,884| 25.39 | 10,700,947| .75 |1,434,421,425 1908 |331,617,926| 27.77 | 10,406,902| .87 |1,194,341,792 1909 |297,617,739| 22.69 | 9,452,095| .72 |1,311,920,224 ------------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------

Commerce of the United States by Great Groups, 1820 to 1909. 309

Exports (domestic).

================================================== | Foodstuffs in | Foodstuffs partly | Year | crude condition | or wholly | ending | and food animals. | prepared. | June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 30-- | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 1820 | 2,474,822| 4.79 | 10,085,366| 19.51 | 1830 | 2,724,181| 4.65 | 9,556,992| 16.32 | 1840 | 4,564,532| 4.09 | 15,936,108| 14.27 | 1850 | 7,535,764| 5.59 | 20,017,162| 14.84 | 1860 | 12,166,447| 3.85 | 38,624,949| 12.21 | 1870 | 41,852,630| 11.12 | 50,919,666| 13.53 | 1875 | 79,077,679| 15.84 |110,292,780| 22.09 | 1880 |266,108,950| 32.30 |193,352,723| 23.47 | 1881 |241,641,847| 27.34 |226,386,821| 25.62 | 1882 |155,008,497| 21.14 |178,002,738| 24.28 | 1883 |163,196,443| 20.29 |186,392,822| 23.18 | 1884 |130,395,872| 17.99 |194,703,245| 26.86 | 1885 |123,326,867| 16.97 |201,800,801| 27.77 | 1886 |100,799,692| 15.13 |162,689,021| 24.43 | 1887 |125,453,686| 17.85 |175,784,781| 25.00 | 1888 | 86,368,408| 12.63 |169,872,314| 24.84 | 1889 | 98,847,455| 13.54 |174,504,227| 23.90 | 1890 |132,073,183| 15.62 |224,756,580| 26.59 | 1891 |106,155,721| 12.17 |226,448,303| 25.96 | 1892 |262,455,846| 25.84 |250,438,545| 24.66 | 1893 |153,277,859| 18.43 |247,075,061| 29.73 | 1894 |133,196,928| 15.30 |249,846,142| 28.77 | 1895 | 99,051,108| 12.49 |219,125,531| 27.62 | 1896 |128,550,669| 14.90 |219,413,574| 25.41 | 1897 |181,420,814| 17.58 |235,051,930| 22.79 | 1898 |305,108,915| 25.21 |284,879,827| 23.54 | 1899 |232,903,066| 19.35 |304,754,736| 25.31 | 1900 |227,347,193| 16.59 |318,126,502| 23.28 | 1901 |246,394,140| 16.88 |336,605,378| 23.05 | 1902 |184,786,389| 13.63 |328,831,350| 24.27 | 1903 |185,308,064| 13.31 |323,244,251| 23.22 | 1904 |135,747,224| 9.46 |308,835,694| 21.52 | 1905 |118,185,098| 7.92 |283,064,680| 18.98 | 1906 |177,216,467| 10.32 |347,385,462| 20.22 | 1907 |167,348,227| 9.03 |345,706,609| 18.65 | 1908 |189,051,824| 10.30 |331,961,663| 18.10 | 1909 |135,663,625| 8.28 |302,457,444| 18.46 | -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ ================================================== | Crude materials | Manufactures for | Year | for use in | further use in | ending | manufacturing. | manufacturing. | June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 30-- | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ 1820 | 31,246,382| 60.46 | 4,867,379| 9.42 | 1830 | 36,482,266| 62.34 | 4,117,606| 7.04 | 1840 | 75,488,421| 67.61 | 4,841,101| 4.34 | 1850 | 83,984,707| 62.26 | 6,060,900| 4.49 | 1860 |216,009,648| 68.31 | 12,641,625| 3.99 | 1870 |213,439,991| 56.64 | 13,711,708| 3.66 | 1875 |206,271,795| 41.31 | 27,458,054| 5.50 | 1880 |238,787,934| 28.98 | 29,044,159| 3.52 | 1881 |278,918,722| 31.55 | 32,820,713| 3.71 | 1882 |233,294,072| 31.82 | 37,164,800| 5.07 | 1883 |288,841,684| 35.92 | 37,996,198| 4.72 | 1884 |239,510,224| 33.04 | 37,800,437| 5.21 | 1885 |248,611,181| 34.22 | 39,437,313| 5.42 | 1886 |254,409,407| 38.21 | 34,037,715| 5.11 | 1887 |250,236,436| 35.60 | 36,732,490| 5.22 | 1888 |271,275,629| 39.67 | 40,176,023| 5.88 | 1889 |286,235,227| 39.19 | 42,712,932| 5.85 | 1890 |304,566,922| 36.03 | 46,454,992| 5.50 | 1891 |346,848,321| 39.77 | 47,961,372| 5.49 | 1892 |315,096,548| 31.02 | 50,284,241| 4.95 | 1893 |247,289,240| 29.75 | 49,070,703| 5.94 | 1894 |276,068,989| 31.70 | 67,145,189| 7.72 | 1895 |264,194,679| 33.30 | 61,812,896| 7.78 | 1896 |251,817,571| 29.17 | 76,219,728| 8.85 | 1897 |296,834,858| 28.76 | 98,284,243| 9.52 | 1898 |286,311,334| 23.66 |101,990,563| 8.43 | 1899 |277,723,374| 23.07 |117,730,260| 9.78 | 1900 |325,589,000| 23.75 |152,890,591| 11.15 | 1901 |397,767,463| 27.24 |148,013,625| 10.12 | 1902 |373,595,243| 27.56 |131,918,311| 9.73 | 1903 |408,679,699| 29.35 |140,415,620| 10.09 | 1904 |461,716,328| 32.17 |174,574,136| 12.17 | 1905 |472,665,309| 31.69 |209,361,544| 14.03 | 1906 |500,536,700| 29.13 |226,210,513| 13.17 | 1907 |593,145,135| 32.00 |259,414,784| 13.99 | 1908 |556,681,462| 30.33 |261,105,883| 14.23 | 1909 |520,768,631| 31.78 |229,937,155| 14.04 | -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+ =============================================================== | Manufactures | | Year | ready for | Miscellaneous. | Total. ending | consumption. | | June +-----------+--------+-----------+--------+------------- 30-- | | Percent| | Percent| | Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. |of Total| Dollars. -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+------------- 1820 | 2,925,165| 5.66 | 84,526| 0.16 | 51,683,640 1830 | 5,461,589| 9.34 | 182,244| .31 | 58,524,878 1840 | 10,584,079| 9.47 | 246,320| .22 | 111,660,561 1850 | 17,162,206| 12.72 | 139,494| .10 | 134,900,233 1860 | 35,811,383| 11.33 | 988,371| .31 | 316,242,423 1870 | 56,329,137| 14.96 | 363,341| .09 | 376,616,473 1875 | 74,503,493| 14.92 | 1,680,299| .34 | 499,284,100 1880 | 92,774,139| 11.26 | 3,878,448| .47 | 823,946,353 1881 |102,458,449| 11.59 | 1,699,395| .19 | 883,925,947 1882 |124,835,385| 17.02 | 4,934,240| .67 | 733,239,732 1883 |122,448,549| 15.23 | 5,347,936| .66 | 804,223,632 1884 |118,172,882| 16.30 | 4,382,192| .60 | 724,964,852 1885 |110,818,865| 15.25 | 2,687,919| .37 | 726,682,946 1886 |111,627,312| 16.76 | 2,401,382| .36 | 665,964,529 1887 |112,417,839| 15.99 | 2,397,691| .34 | 703,022,923 1888 |113,892,689| 16.65 | 2,277,041| .33 | 683,862,104 1889 |123,183,883| 16.87 | 4,798,885| .65 | 730,282,609 1890 |132,527,050| 15.68 | 4,915,101| .58 | 845,293,828 1891 |140,349,741| 16.09 | 4,506,825| .52 | 872,270,283 1892 |132,792,441| 13.07 | 4,664,390| .46 |1,015,732,011 1893 |129,938,284| 15.63 | 4,379,638| .52 | 831,030,785 1894 |135,659,274| 15.61 | 7,288,415| .84 | 869,204,937 1895 |143,244,969| 18.06 | 5,963,407| .75 | 793,392,590 1896 |181,789,157| 21.04 | 5,409,788| .63 | 863,200,487 1897 |212,959,122| 20.63 | 7,456,636| .72 |1,032,007,603 1898 |222,537,358| 18.38 | 9,463,916| .78 |1,210,291,913 1899 |262,656,583| 21.81 | 8,163,203| .68 |1,203,931,222 1900 |331,955,684| 24.15 | 14,854,601| 1.08 |1,370,763,571 1901 |317,764,367| 21.76 | 13,917,833| .95 |1,460,462,806 1902 |321,946,540| 23.75 | 14,404,028| 1.06 |1,355,481,861 1903 |327,489,757| 23.52 | 7,100,911| .51 |1,392,231,302 1904 |348,745,843| 24.30 | 5,559,792| .38 |1,435,179,017 1905 |402,064,030| 26.95 | 6,403,980| .43 |1,491,744,641 1906 |459,812,656| 26.76 | 6,791,584| .40 |1,717,953,382 1907 |480,708,667| 25.93 | 7,394,612| .40 |1,853,718,034 1908 |489,469,958| 26.68 | 6,515,567| .36 |1,834,786,357 1909 |441,820,754| 26.97 | 7,707,984| .47 |1,638,355,593 -------+-----------+--------+-----------+--------+-------------

Population of the United States 10 Years of Age and Upward, Engaged in 310- Manufacturing and Other Gainful Occupations, Census Year 1900, by Sex. 311

=======================================+=================================== | 1900. OCCUPATION. +-----------+-----------+----------- | Male. | Female. | Total. ---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------- AGRICULTURAL PURSUITS | 9,404,429 | 977,336 | 10,381,765 PROFESSIONAL SERVICE | 827,941 | 430,597 | 1,258,538 DOMESTIC AND PERSONAL SERVICE | 3,485,208 | 2,095,449 | 5,580,657 TRADE AND TRANSPORTATION | 4,263,617 | 503,347 | 4,766,964 MANUFACTURING AND MECHANICAL PURSUITS | 5,772,641 | 1,312,668 | 7,085,309 | | | Building trades. | | | | | | Carpenters and joiners | 599,707 | 545 | 600,252 Masons (brick and stone) | 160,638 | 167 | 160,805 Painters, glaziers, and varnishers | 275,782 | 1,759 | 277,541 Paper hangers | 21,749 | 241 | 21,990 Plasterers | 35,649 | 45 | 35,694 Plumbers and gas and steam fitters | 97,659 | 126 | 97,785 Roofers and slaters | 9,065 | 2 | 9,067 Mechanics (not otherwise specified) | 9,351 | 27 | 9,378 | | | Chemicals and allied products. | | | | | | Oil well and oil works employes | 24,573 | 53 | 24,626 Other chemical workers | 12,035 | 2,688 | 14,723 | | | Clay, glass, and stone products. | | | | | | Brick and tile makers, etc. | 49,455 | 478 | 49,933 Glassworkers | 47,377 | 2,621 | 49,998 Marble and stone cutters | 54,317 | 143 | 54,460 Potters | 13,200 | 2,940 | 16,140 | | | Fishing and mining. | | | | | | Fishermen and oystermen | 68,478 | 462 | 68,940 Miners and quarrymen | 562,417 | 989 | 563,406 | | | Food and kindred products. | | | | | | Bakers | 74,860 | 4,328 | 79,188 Butchers | 112,815 | 378 | 113,193 Butter and cheese makers | 18,593 | 648 | 19,241 Confectioners | 21,980 | 9,214 | 31,194 Millers | 40,362 | 186 | 40,548 Other food preparers | 23,640 | 5,142 | 28,782 | | | Iron and steel and their products. | | | | | | Blacksmiths | 226,284 | 193 | 226,477 Iron and steel workers | 287,241 | 3,297 | 290,538 Machinists | 282,574 | 571 | 283,145 Steam boiler makers | 33,038 | 8 | 33,046 Stove, furnace, and grate makers | 12,430 | 43 | 12,473 Tool and cutlery makers | 27,376 | 746 | 28,122 Wheelwrights | 13,495 | 10 | 13,505 Wireworkers | 16,701 | 1,786 | 18,487 | | | Leather and its finished products. | | | | | | Boot and shoe makers and repairers | 169,393 | 39,510 | 208,903 Harness and saddle makers and repairers| 39,506 | 595 | 40,101 Leather curriers and tanners | 40,917 | 1,754 | 42,671 Trunk and leather-case makers, etc. | 5,472 | 1,579 | 7,051 | | | Liquors and beverages. | | | | | | Bottlers and soda water makers, etc. | 9,725 | 794 | 10,519 Brewers and maltsters | 20,687 | 275 | 20,962 Distillers and rectifiers | 3,114 | 30 | 3,144 | | | Lumber and its remanufactures. | | | | | | Cabinetmakers | 35,552 | 67 | 35,619 Coopers | 37,087 | 113 | 37,200 Saw and planing mill employes | 161,251 | 373 | 161,624 Other woodworkers | 104,791 | 6,805 | 111,596 | | | Metals and metal products | | | other than iron and steel. | | | | | | Brassworkers | 25,870 | 890 | 26,760 Clock and watch makers and repairers | 19,305 | 4,815 | 24,120 Gold and silver workers | 19,732 | 6,380 | 26,112 Tin plate and tinware makers | 68,730 | 1,775 | 70,505 Other metal workers | 54,282 | 2,320 | 56,602 | | | Paper and printing. | | | | | | Bookbinders | 14,646 | 15,632 | 30,278 Box makers (paper) | 3,796 | 17,302 | 21,098 Engravers | 10,698 | 453 | 11,151 Paper and pulp mill operatives | 26,904 | 9,424 | 36,328 Printers, lithographers, and pressmen | 139,166 | 15,981 | 155,147 | | | Textiles. | | | | | | Bleachery and dye works operatives | 20,493 | 1,785 | 22,278 Carpet factory operatives | 10,371 | 9,001 | 19,372 Cotton mill operatives | 125,788 | 120,603 | 246,391 Hosiery and knitting mill operatives | 12,630 | 34,490 | 47,120 Silk mill operatives | 22,023 | 32,437 | 54,460 Woolen mill operatives | 42,566 | 30,630 | 73,196 Other textile mill operatives | 53,437 | 51,182 | 104,619 Dressmakers | 2,090 | 344,794 | 346,884 Hat and cap makers | 15,110 | 7,623 | 22,733 Milliners | 1,739 | 86,120 | 87,859 Seamstresses | 4,837 | 146,105 | 150,942 Shirt, collar, and cuff makers | 8,491 | 30,941 | 39,432 Tailors and tailoresses | 160,714 | 68,935 | 229,649 Other textile workers | 8,862 | 20,671 | 29,533 | | | Miscellaneous industries. | | | | | | Broom and brush makers | 8,643 | 1,577 | 10,220 Charcoal, coke, and lime burners | 14,405 | 31 | 14,436 Engineers and firemen (not locomotive) | 223,318 | 177 | 223,495 Glovemakers | 4,503 | 7,768 | 12,271 Manufacturers and officials, etc. | 239,649 | 3,360 | 243,009 Model and pattern makers | 14,869 | 204 | 15,073 Photographers | 23,361 | 3,580 | 26,941 Rubber factory operatives | 14,492 | 7,374 | 21,866 Tobacco and cigar factory operatives | 87,955 | 43,497 | 131,452 Upholsterers | 28,663 | 2,158 | 30,821 Other miscellaneous industries | 380,167 | 90,922 | 471,089 ---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------- Total manufacturing and | | | mechanical pursuits | 5,772,641 | 1,312,668 | 7,085,309 ---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+----------- Grand total |23,753,836 | 5,319,397 | 29,073,233 ---------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+-----------

World’s Development of Carrying Power, Production, and Commerce, 312 1800-1907.

=======+===========+====================++=============================++ | | Commerce. || Carrying Power. || | | || || | +-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++ Year. |Population.| | || | | || | | Total. | Per || Sail. | Steam. | Total. || | | | capita.|| | | || | | | || | | || -------+-----------+-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++ | Millions. | Millions | ||Thousand|Thousand| Thousand || | |of dollars.|Dollars.||tons.|tons.|tons.|| | | | || | | || 1800| 640 | 1,479 | 2.31 || 4,026 | -- | 4,026 || 1820| 780 | 1,659 | 2.13 || 5,814 | 0.023 | 5,894 || 1830| 847 | 1,981 | 2.34 || 7,100 | .111 | 7,528 || 1840| 950 | 2,789 | 2.93 || 9,012 | .372 | 10,482 || 1850| 1,075 | 4,049 | 3.76 || 11,470 | .864 | 14,902 || 1860| 1,205 | 7,246 | 6.01 || 14,890 | 1.723 | 21,730 || 1870| 1,310 | 10,663 | 8.14 || 12,900 | 3.012 | 25,100 || 1880| 1,439 | 14,761 | 10.26 || 14,400 | 5.901 | 37,900 || 1890| 1,488 | 17,519 | 11.80 || 12,640 | 8.295 | 47,800 || 1900 | 1,543 | 20,105 | 13.02 || 8,119 | 13.856 | 63,543 || 1906 | 1,600 | 26,500 | 16.50 || 5,469 | 21.094 | 89,845 || 1907 | -- | -- | -- || 5,200 | 22.140 | 93,760 || -------+-----------+-----------+--------++--------+--------+-----------++ =======+=========+========+========++ | | | || | | | || | | | ++ Year. |Railways.| Tele- |Cables. || | |graphs. | || | | | || | | | || -------+---------+--------+--------++ |Thousand |Thousand|Thousand|| |miles.| miles. | miles. || | | | || 1800| -- | -- | -- || 1820| -- | -- | -- || 1830| 0.2| -- | -- || 1840| 5.4| -- | -- || 1850| 24.0| 5 | 1/40 || 1860| 67.4| 100 | 1½ || 1870| 139.9| 281 | 15 || 1880| 224.9| 440 | 49 || 1890| 390.0| 768 | 132 || 1900 | 500.0| 1,180 | 200 || 1906 | 562.8| 1,200 | 200 || 1907 | 595.8| -- | -- || -------+---------+--------+--------++ =======+================================+=========+=========== | Production of Cotton, | | Gold | Coal, and Pig iron. | |production, |----------+-----------+---------+ | decade Year. | | | | Area | ending | Cotton. | Coal. |Pig iron.| cul- | year | | | | tivated.| named. | | | | | -------+----------+-----------+---------+---------+----------- | Million | Million | Million | Million | Million |pounds.| tons. | tons.|acres.|dollars. | | | | | 1800| 520| 11.6| 0.5 | 360 | 128.5 1820| 630| 17.2| 1.0 | 402 | 76.1 1830| 820| 25.1| 1.6 | -- | 94.5 1840| 1,310| 44.8| 2.7 | 492 | 134.8 1850| 1,435| 81.4| 4.4 | -- | 363.9 1860| 2,551| 142.3| 7.2 | 583 | 1,334.0 1870| 2,775| 213.4| 11.9 | -- | 1,263.0 1880| 3,601| 340.0| 18.1 | 749 | 1,150.8 1890| 5,600| 466.0| 25.2 | 807 | 1,060.1 1900 | 6,247| 800.0| 41.4 | 875 | 2,100.0 1906 | 9,971| 987.9| 58.1 | 900 | 3,095.0 1907 | 8,256| 1,079.6| 59.7 | -- | 3,259.5 -------+----------+-----------+---------+---------+-----------

Mulhall’s estimate, except 1830, 1890, 1900, 1906, and 1907.

Steam tonnage reduced to sail by multiplying by 4.

Soetbeer’s estimates prior to 1860.

Malte-Brun’s estimate for 1804.

Based on Balbi’s estimate for 1828.

Based on Michelet’s estimate for 1845.

Based on Behm-Wagner estimate for 1874.

Levasseur’s estimate for 1878.

Royal Geographic Society estimate.

Estimates of the Archiv für Eisenbahnwesen.

Estimates of the United States Census Office.

Estimates of the United States Geological Survey.