CHAPTER XV. Alternative Satisfactions for the Fighting

ALTERNATIVE SATISFACTIONS FOR THE FIGHTING EMOTIONS

Support for the militarist estimate of the strength of the fighting emotions and instincts--Growing opposition to the fighting emotions and instincts as displayed in war--The desirability of preserving the martial virtues--Moral substitutes for warfare--Physical substitutes for warfare--The significance of international athletic competitions 285-301

A LIST OF PUBLISHED RESEARCHES FROM THE PHYSIOLOGICAL LABORATORY IN HARVARD UNIVERSITY 302-303

INDEX 305

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Page 1. Diagram of the more important distributions of the autonomic nervous system 25

2. Diagram of the arrangements for recording contractions of the intestinal muscle 49

3. Intestinal muscle beating in inactive blood 53

4. Alternate application of “excited” blood and “quiet” blood, from the same animal, to intestinal muscle initially beating in Ringer’s solution 55

5. The effect of prolonging the excitement 55

6. Failure of the cava blood to produce inhibition when excitement has occurred after removal of the adrenal glands 57

7. Effect of adding adrenin to formerly inactive blood 58

8. The effect of bubbling oxygen through active blood 59

9. Intestinal muscle beating in normal vena cava blood 62

10. The shielded electrodes used in stimulating the splanchnic nerves 87

11. Contraction of the tibialis anticus and stimulation of the left splanchnic nerves 89

12. Arterial blood pressure with membrane manometer, contractions of tibialis anticus, and splanchnic stimulation 91

13-17. Effect of varying arterial blood pressure upon muscular contraction over time 98-104

18. Threshold stimulus of muscles during an experiment 116

19. Threshold stimulus of muscles during an experiment 122

20. Threshold stimulus of muscles during an experiment 124

21. Effect of adrenin injection upon blood pressure and contractions of the tibialis anticus muscle 128

22. Effect of amyl nitrite injection upon blood pressure and contractions of the tibialis anticus muscle 128

23. Effect of adrenin injection upon blood pressure and contractions of the tibialis anticus muscle when denervated 131

24. Diagram of the graphic coagulometer 139

25. Record of five successive tests of coagulation 145

26. Shortening of coagulation time after injection of adrenin 151

27. Differing effects upon the coagulation time of slow and rapid injections of adrenin 153

28. Persistent shortening of the coagulation time after injection of adrenin when brain and upper cord pithed 154

29. Shortening of coagulation time after stimulation of the left splanchnic nerves 163

30. Shortening of coagulation time after stimulation of the left splanchnic nerves 164

31. Results of stimulating the left splanchnic nerves after removal of the left adrenal gland; and of stimulating the right splanchnic nerves with right adrenal gland present 169

32. Three shortenings of coagulation time after stimulation of the left sciatic nerve 174

33. Shortening of coagulation time during an operation under light anesthesia 175

34. Record of rapid clotting after emotional excitement 180

35. Rapid clotting after emotional excitement, with slowing of the process when the splanchnic nerves were cut in the thorax 182

36. Adrenal secretion produced by asphyxia 208

37. Intragastric pressure, respiration and report of hunger pangs against time 257

38. The same conditions as in Fig. 37 259

39. Compression of thin rubber bag in the lower esophagus, and report of hunger pangs against time 260

BODILY CHANGES IN PAIN, HUNGER, FEAR AND RAGE