Part 21

The date-words opposite each name can be learned by one careful analytic perusal. If the relation is not understood in any case, a glance at the explanations which follow the series of Presidents will remove all doubt or difficulty.

1. How can the date-words opposite each name be learned? 2. What must be done in case the relation is not understood? 3. What is the relation between William Henry Harrison and "Hard cider"? 4. Why would not "Sweet cider" do? 5. What Presidents served more than one term? 6. How is this indicated? 7. How many died in office? 8. When is the pupil supposed to learn the series of Presidents?

REMARKS.--The pupil is presumed to have learned heretofore the series of Presidents from Washington to Grover Cleveland, and to have recited it forwards and backwards many times. Now let him learn the dates of their accession to office, and then let him recite the series both ways in connection with those dates several times: as, George Washington, 1789; John Adams, 1797; Thomas Jefferson, 1801, &c., &c., to Grover Cleveland, 1893 and then back to Washington. Although it is much better for the pupil to find his own analytic date-words, yet, as many may not have the time to do so while studying this lesson, I append a few explanations of the facts on which the above analytic date-words are founded.

"'Fabian' was applied to the military tactics of Washington, on some occasions, when he imitated the policy of Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman General who not daring to hazard a battle against Hannibal, harassed his army by marches, counter-marches, and ambuscades." "Bickerings" were incessant during John Adams's administration between his own supporters and the faction of Hamilton. "Steed"--Jefferson rode on horseback to the Capitol to take his oath of office as President. Arrived there he dismounted and fastened his steed to an elm-tree, since known as Jefferson's tree. He did this to signalise his disapprobation of royalty, and his preference for democratic equality. "Speculative" were the celebrated "Madison Papers." "Doctrine"--the Monroe doctrine declared that no foreign power should acquire additional dominion in America. "Unlucky" was correctly applied to John Quincy Adams's administration. See Barnes's U. S. His., p. 175. "Unwhipped"--Jackson always came off victorious in all his duels and military campaigns. "Mocked"--Van Buren was appointed by Jackson as U. S. Minister to England. The United States Senate rejected his nomination. This political insult secured much sympathy for him, and helped to make him President. "Hard-cider" was a party watchword during Harrison's campaign for the Presidency. "Rudderless"--Tyler often changed his political views, and finally turned against the United States Government, of which he had been Chief Executive. "Realm-extender"--during Polk's administration the United States acquired the territory embracing California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. "Warproof"--Taylor was a successful warrior. "Licenser"--Fillmore's administration passed the Fugitive Slave Law, which enabled the Southern masters to recapture runaway slaves. "Looming"--during Pierce's term the cloud of civil war was looming up in the distance. "Lecompton" constitution of Kansas was a pro-slavery document which Buchanan favoured. "Agitation" preceded and attended Lincoln's inauguration, and finally culminated in the civil war. "Shall"--Johnson made use of the imperative "shall" in regard to the removal of Edwin M. Stanton, for which attempt he was afterward sought to be impeached. "Chapultepec" was the battle in which Grant entered upon that career of military achievement which secured him two Presidential terms. "Cocoa" was characteristic of the drinks allowed at Hayes's table at the White House. No wine was tolerated. "Fatal" was Guiteau's shot to Garfield. "After"--although Tyler, Fillmore, Johnson, and Arthur became Presidents on the death of their chiefs, yet only Arthur succeeded to the Presidency in 1881, which is indicated by the first two consonants of "After." "Flood"--Cleveland vetoed an unprecedented number of bills during his term. There was a "flood" of them. "Fibrous" applies metaphorically to mental qualities; it means strong, sinewy--high talents, just below genius. "Boom" refers, of course, to the large amount of support which Cleveland obtained on his second election to the Presidency.

1. Should the pupil find his own analytic date-words in this exercise? 2. How were Washington's military tactics sometimes characterised? 3. What is the relation between "Bickerings" and John Adams? 4. Why is "Steed" analytic of Jefferson's inauguration? 5. What has the word "Doctrine" to do with Monroe's administration? 6. To what book is the pupil especially referred in regard to J. Q. Adams's administration? 7. Is "Mocked" a case of Con. or Ex. in the case of Van Buren?

DATES OF THE ACCESSION OF THE ENGLISH SOVEREIGNS.

From 1000 A.D. to 1700 A.D., the last three figures only need be given, and from 1700 A.D. to date only the last two figures require to be given. It is better for the pupil to find his own phrases. A slight acquaintance with English History will make all the formulas here given easily understood. Green's short "History of the English People," Dickens' "Child's History of England," Collier's "History of England," and "History of England," by the author of the "Knights of St. John," may be recommended.

(1) William I. (1066)--(0) Ha{s}tings (6) {ch}ampion (6) {j}ustified. (2) William II. (1087)--He (1) {d}ecorated (0) hi{s} (8) {f}ather's (7) {g}rave; or (0) {s}ilvering a (8) {f}ather's (7) {g}rave. (3) Henry I. (1100)--(1) {Th}e (0) {s}cholarly (0) {s}overeign. (4) Stephen (1135)--(1) {Th}e (3) {m}onarch's (5) {l}iar. (5) Henry II. (1154)--(1) {Th}e (5) {l}and (4) {r}estorer. (6) Richard I. (1189)--(1) {Th}e (8) {f}awners (9) {p}unished. (7) John (1199)--(1) {D}epriving a (9) {p}retty (9) {b}oy. (8) Henry III. (1216)--(1) "{Th}ird" (2) He{n}ry's (1) {t}ender (6) {ch}ildhood. (9) Edward I. (1272)--(2) O{n} a (7) {c}rusade (2) u{n}supported. (10) Edward II. (1307)--(3) A {m}onarch (0) e{s}pouses a (7) {c}omrade. (11) Edward III. (1327)--He (3) {m}ade (2) Wi{n}dsor (7) {C}astle. (12) Richard II. (1377)--A (3) {m}onarch's (7) {c}ollector (7) {k}illed. (13) Henry IV. (1399)--A (3) {m}onarch (9) {p}unished (9) {b}orderers. (14) Henry V. (1413)--A (4) {r}ioter (1) {t}urned (3) {m}onarch. (15) Henry VI. (1422)--(4) {R}oyalty (2) i{n} (2) i{n}fancy; or (4) A{r}c (2) u{n}justly (2) i{n}flamed. (16) Edward IV. (1461)--(4) Yo{r}k (6) {ch}ampioned (1) {T}owton. (17) Edward V. (1483)--(4) {R}uler (8) "{F}ifth" (3) {m}urdered. (18) Richard III. (1483)--(4) {R}ichard (8) {f}eigns (3) {m}odesty. (19) Henry VII. (1486)--(4) {R}oses (8) {f}inally (6) {j}oined. (20) Henry VIII. (1509)--A (5) {l}ady (0) {s}laying (9) {p}olicy. (21) Edward VI. (1547)--A (5) {l}ad (4) {r}oyally (7) {g}ood; or, a (5) wi{l}l (4) {r}equiring a (7) {c}ouncil. (22) Mary (1553)--(5) {L}uckless (5) {l}oving (3) {M}ary. (23) Elizabeth (1558)--(5) E{l}izabeth (5) {l}iked (8) {v}etoes. (24) James I. (1603)--(6) {J}ames a (0) {S}cottish (3) {m}onarch. (25) Charles I. (1625)--(6) {Ch}arles' (2) i{n}supportable (5) i{l}legalities. (26) Council and Parliament (1649)--(6) {Ch}arles (4) {r}ightly (9) {b}eheaded. (27) Oliver Cromwell (1653)--(6) {G}eneral (5) O{l}iver's (3) {m}astery. (28) Richard Cromwell (1658)--(6) {G}eneral (5) O{l}iver's (8) o{f}fspring. (29) Council and Parliament (1659)--A (6) {J}unta (5) {l}eading (9) {P}arliament. (30) Charles II. (1660)--(6) {Ch}eerful (6) {Ch}arles (0) {S}econd. (31) James II. (1685)--(6) {J}ames' (8) {f}ollowers (5) e{l}ated. (32) William III. and Mary (1689)--(6) {J}oining (8) o{f} (9) {P}owers. (33) Anne (1702)--(0) {S}ubmissive (2) A{n}ne. (34) George I. (1714)--(1) U{t}terly (4) {r}esigned. (35) George II. (1727)--(2) A{n}spach's (7) {C}aroline. (36) George III. (1760)--(6) {G}eorge's (0) {S}overeignty. (37) George IV. (1820)--(2) U{n}divorcible (0) {S}overeign. (38) William IV. (1830)--(3) {M}idshipman (0) {S}overeign. (39) Victoria (1837)--A (3) {m}odel (7) Queen.

EXPLANATIONS.

(1) Edward the Confessor, always fond of the Normans, had promised that on his death his kingdom should go to Duke William of Normandy. (2) William II. early directed a goldsmith to decorate his father's grave with gold and silver ornaments. (3) Henry I. was called Beauclerc, or fine Scholar. (4) Stephen had produced a false witness to swear that the late king on his deathbed had named him (Stephen) as his heir. (5) Henry II. revoked most of the grants of land that had been hastily made during the late troubles. (6) Richard punished the people who had befriended him against his father. (7) Arthur had the best right to the throne, but John imprisoned and murdered him. (8) Henry III. was crowned at the age of ten. "Third" tells which Henry is meant. (9) Edward I. declared--"I will go on, if I go on with no other follower than my groom." (10) Gaveston was the king's comrade and favourite, and was finally beheaded by the indignant barons. (11) Edward III. erected Windsor Castle. (12) The king's poll-tax collector was killed by Wat Tyler. (13) A successful Scottish war was this monarch's first achievement. (14) Riotous Prince Hal became a spirited, valiant king. (15) Henry VI. was only nine months old when his predecessor died. (16) Edward IV., with aid of the Earl of Warwick, won the great battle at Towton; 40,000 men were slain. (17) Edward V. was only thirteen years old. The Lord Protector, Duke of Gloucester, threw him, with his brother, into the Tower and caused them to be murdered. (18) Richard's affected modesty is conspicuously brought out in Shakespeare's tragedy of Richard III. (19) Henry VII., to quell forever the hostility of the rival Roses, married Elizabeth of York, the daughter of Edward IV. (20) The formula in this case is clearly justified by history. (21) Edward VI. was but ten years old. Henry VIII. had provided in his will that a council of sixteen should govern during Edward's minority. (22) Mary was fond of her husband, who cared little for her, and unlucky in her advisers. (23) Elizabeth showed the natural arbitrariness of her disposition in her vetoes. In one year--1597--she refused the royal assent to 48 bills passed by the Commons. (24) James I. was the first Scottish king that reigned over England. (25) Charles I. lost his life in the attempt to act independent of the Commons. (26) If anyone thinks that Charles was not rightfully beheaded, he could make the phrase--(6) {Ch}arles (4) w{r}ongfully (9) {b}eheaded. (27) The phrase is obviously true. (28) The phrase gives the exact date of Richard Cromwell's accession and the word "offspring" means Richard Cromwell. (29) A Junta here means the "council." (30) Charles Second was called the "merry" monarch. (31) Parliament at once voted James II. nearly two million pounds sterling per annum for life. (32) William and Mary were coördinate sovereigns. (33) Anne was truly "submissive" or easily influenced. (34 and 35) Green intimates that George I. and George II. hardly affected the course of events--the former followed the advice of his ministers and the latter of his wife Caroline. (36) George III. was emphatically a sovereign. (37) George IV. had tried ineffectually to get rid of his wife; her death at last released him. (38) William IV. had been a midshipman in the navy. (39) Victoria has certainly proved herself to be a "Model Queen."

(3) THE PUPIL MUST POSSESS SUCH A FAMILIARITY WITH THE LAWS OF IN., EX., AND CON., NOT MERELY IN THEIR THEORETIC AND ABSTRACT ASPECTS, BUT IN THAT PRACTICAL CHARACTER AND WORKING POWER OF THEM WHICH I TEACH, THAT HE CAN INSTANTLY APPLY THEM TO THE EVERY-DAY AFFAIRS AND ORDINARY OCCURRENCES AND EVENTS OF LIFE.

If you know that the number of square miles in the area of the State of New York runs into thousands, and you wish to remember that the exact number of thousands is 47, you could accomplish this object if you found a word which spells 47, and is at the same time connected by In., Ex., or Con. to New York. You try the varieties of Inclusion; and in synonymous Inclusion you find 47 in the word "Yo{r}{k}" itself, the "y" having no figure value, and "r" standing for 4, and "k" for 7; thus you cannot see the name of New York or think of it without having conclusive evidence of the number of thousands of square miles the State contains.

See Lippincott's Gazetteer, p. 1573.

The title of a subject, the name or description of an event or date, can always be safely abridged or bracketed in part in the formula, as 47 Yo{r}{k}. But no one could imagine that "York" in this connection [47 thousand square miles] means any of the towns or country seats of the United States which are called "York." If the context makes an otherwise indefinite thing definite, it is sufficient.

Analytic date and number words do not have to be memorised.--Seeing is believing, and, in this case, remembering too. If you thoroughly master my system you can find, in most cases, analytic date and number words without any difficulty, and by means of them you can remember thousands of dates and sets of figures, when without the system you could have remembered only five or ten of them.

Suppose in your haste you failed to notice that "York" spells 47, and you then proceed to try Inclusion by Genus and Species; regarding York as the general word, you would find New York as a species or kind of York; the same with Yorkshire, Yorktown, York Minster, etc. In this way you would, if your mastery of the Figure Alphabet were perfect, scarcely fail to notice that York spells 47; but if you fail, you then try Inclusion by Whole and Part, and run over the political divisions of the State until you come to {R}o{ck}land County, and there you find in its first two consonants the letters "r" and "ck" (the equivalent of "k" in sound). These consonants spell 47. You would find the same consonants in the County of He{r}{k}imer.

Suppose, however, that from unfamiliarity with the Figure Alphabet, or from want of considerable practice, you do not succeed in noticing that {R}o{ck}land or He{r}{k}imer contains the number 47, you try Inclusion by Abstract and Concrete, and regarding the State of New York as the Concrete, and the Abstract or characterizing epithet "{r}o{ck}y" as applicable to New York, you would then find in that word "{r}o{ck}y" the number 47.

If you did fail, you would try Exclusion, and you would find nothing which is the antithesis of the area of New York. You might find, however, a weak form of Exclusion if you consider that the area is the surface, and what is below the surface as the opposite of it. In the latter case you would find in the words "E{r}ie {C}anal," which is a great artificial channel running through a part of the State, the letters "r" and "c" hard, which spell 47. A more exact Exclusion might be found in the word "{r}i{ng}," which spells 47. For if we consider the shape of the boundary of New York we would see that in no vague sense a ring, as a circle, is the opposite of it.

But suppose that from a chronic absent-mindedness or an overworked brain, or downright bad physical health or insufficient knowledge of the system, you failed to see 47 in any of the foregoing cases, you would try Concurrence. Considering that the State of New York is largely agricultural, you would find that the implement of farming known as a "{R}a{k}e" would spell 47; this would be a case of Concurrence. In a political sense, the word "{r}i{ng}s" gives 47, as New York has been celebrated for them.

All that the student requires is one analytic word. I have gone through the varieties of Inclusion, through Exclusion, and Concurrence, merely to show how to find analytic words and not because more than one word was necessary.

According to the census report of 1890, the number of square miles of land in the State of New York is 47,620, or (4) Yo{r}k's (7) A{c}res (6) {S}urely (2) {N}ot (0) {S}ubmerged; the number of square miles of land and water in it is 49,170, or (4) Yo{r}k's (9) {P}lains (1) Wi{th} (7) A{c}companying (0) {S}ealets.

NUMBER OF SHAKESPEARE'S PLAYS.

We will try another case: You want to remember the number of plays that Shakespeare wrote. You know it is less than 50; but you wish to remember the exact number--it was 37. You experiment; you try the varieties of Inclusion, and among the rest you try Whole and Part; you find in the first two consonants of the name {M}a{c}beth the figures 37; but if you did not notice that {M}a{c}beth afforded you the means of always remembering that the Shakespeare Plays numbered 37, you would try Exclusion perhaps. If you look upon the attempt to ascribe the authorship of the Shakespeare Plays to Bacon as a {m}o{ck}ery you would find in the first two consonants of that word the figures 37 through the operation of Exclusion; and if you recollect that the character of Shylock was played with great success at Old Drury, February 17, 1741, by Charles {M}a{c}lin, you would find in the first two consonants of his name the figures 37 through Concurrence.

DUKE OF WELLINGTON AND NAPOLEON.

Napoleon Bonaparte was born in 1769. As a boy he was finely formed. "{Sh}a{p}ely" (69) gives his birth-date by In. by A. and C. He evinced the opposite of the temper usually ascribed to the "{Sh}e{p}herd-boy" (69)--a birth-date by Ex. "{Ch}a{p}let"--a wreath or garland signed for by him in his ambitious hopes--expresses his birth-date by Con. His death occurred in 1821. "E{n}{d}" (21) or "U{n}{d}one" (21) expresses his death-date by synonymous Inclusion. "{N}a{t}ivity" (21) indicates it by Ex. Since he died from cancer in the stomach, he could retain very little food. "I{n}{d}igestion" (21) makes his death-date by Con.

Wellington's birth, in 1769, may be expressed by "{Sh}ee{p}-faced" (69), a term his own mother applied to him when a boy. In his childhood, he was blue-eyed, hawk-nosed, slender, and ungainly, "{Ch}u{b}by" (69), by Ex., expresses his birth-date. A more vivid concurrence can scarcely be imagined, since he and Bonaparte were both born in the same year, 1769.

Wellington died in 1852 at Wilmer Castle. "Wi{l}{m}er" expresses the date of his death by only one year too many. But a means of remembrance that requires readjustment or modification can seldom be relied upon, except by those who are practised in Higher Analysis. He was 83 years old when he died. "{L}a{n}tern-jawed" (52) expresses his death-date by In., by A. and C. No man was ever more honored after his death than Wellington. "A{l}ie{n}ated" (52) expresses his death-date by Ex. A sudden illness carried him off. Hence "I{l}l{n}ess" (52) is a fact connected with his death by Con.

These elaborate illustrations must indicate to any student how to apply the laws of In., Ex., and Con., so as to find analytic date and number words. Cases of Ex. give good practice, but are rarely ever necessary.