CHAPTER IX

THE ORDER UNGULATA 273

UNGULATA VERA 275

Suborder ARTIODACTYLA 275

SUINA, 278. Family HIPPOPOTAMIDÆ, 278; Hippopotamus, 278. Family SUIDÆ, 281; Sus, 281; Babirusa, 287; Phacochœrus, 288. Family DICOTYLIDÆ, 289; Dicotyles, 289; Hyotherium, etc., 291. EXTINCT TRANSITIONAL ARTIODACTYLES, 292; Chœropotamidæ, 292; Anthracotheriidæ, 292; Merycopotamus, 293; Cotylopidæ, 293; Anoplotheriidæ, 293; Cænotheriidæ, 294; Dichodontidæ, 294. TYLOPODA, 295. Family CAMELIDÆ, 295; Camelus, 296; Auchenia, 298; Extinct Cameloids, 303. TRAGULINA, 305. Family TRAGULIDÆ, 305; Tragulus, 305; Dorcatherium, 306; Extinct Traguloids, 306. PECORA, 307; Antlers, 308; Horns, 310; Teeth, 310; Stomach, 312. Family CERVIDÆ, 313; Subfamily Moschinæ, 314; Moschus, 314; Subfamily Cervinæ, 316; Plesiometacarpalia, 316; Cervulus, 316; Elaphodus, 318; Cervus, 319; Telemetacarpalia, 323; Rangifer, 324; Alces, 326; Cervalces, 327; Capreolus, 327; Hydropotes, 328; Cariacus, 329; Pudua, 330; Extinct genera, 330. Family GIRAFFIDÆ, 330; Giraffa, 331; Allied extinct types, 332. Family ANTILOCAPRIDÆ, 333; Antilocapra, 333. Family BOVIDÆ, 334; Alcelaphus, 334; Connochætes, 336; Cephalophus, 338; Tetraceros, 338; Neotragus, 338; Nanotragus, 339; Pelea, 339; Cobus, 339; Cervicapra, 340; Antilope, 340; Æpyceros, 341; Saiga, 341; Pantholops, 341; Gazella, 341; Hippotragus, 343; Oryx, 343; Addax, 345; Boselaphus, 345; Tragelaphus, 346; Strepsiceros, 347; Oreas, 348; Extinct types, 348; Rupicapra, 349; Nemorhædus, 350; Haploceros, 351; Budorcas, 351; Capra, 352; Ovis, 354; Ovibos, 357; Bos, 360.

Suborder PERISSODACTYLA 368

Family TAPIRIDÆ, 370; Tapirus, 370; Palæotapirus, 373. Family LOPHIODONTIDÆ, 373. Family PALÆOTHERIIDÆ, 375. Family EQUIDÆ, 376; Protohippus, 380; Hipparion, 380; Equus, 381. Family RHINOCEROTIDÆ, 402; Rhinoceros, 402; Extinct types, 411. Families LAMBDOTHERIIDÆ, CHALICOTHERIIDÆ, and TITANOTHERIIDÆ, 412. Family MACRAUCHENIIDÆ, 414. Family PROTEROTHERIIDÆ, 414.

SUBUNGULATA 414

Suborder HYRACOIDEA 415

Family HYRACIDÆ, 415; Hyrax, 417; Dendrohyrax, 418.

Suborder PROBOSCIDEA 418

Family ELEPHANTIDÆ, 423; Elephas, 424; Mastodon, 431. Family DINOTHERIIDÆ, 435; Dinotherium, 435.

Suborder AMBLYPODA 436

Uintatherium, 436; Coryphodon, 437.

Suborder CONDYLARTHRA 438

Suborder TOXODONTIA 439

Nesodon, 439; Toxodon, 439; Typotherium, 440.

Group TILLODONTIA 441

Bibliography of Ungulates 442