BOOK IV.. Parliamentary Practice, Constitution, Declaration and Articles of

PARLIAMENTARY PRACTICE, CONSTITUTION, DECLARATION AND ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

CONFEDERATION, ARTICLES OF, 4008

DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE, 4003

JEFFERSON’S MANUAL Absence, Sec. 8, 4026 Adjournment, Sec. 50, 4052 Address, Sec. 10, 4027 Amendment, Sec. 35, 4041 Amendment between the Houses, Sec. 45, 4048 Arrangement of business, Sec. 14, 4029 Assent, Sec. 48, 4050 Bills, Sec. 22, 4033 Bills, commitment, Sec. 26, 4034 Bills, first reading, Sec. 24, 4033 Bills, second reading, Sec. 25, 4033 Bills, third reading, Sec. 40, 4044 Bills, second reading in the House, Sec. 31, 4037 Bills, leave to bring in, Sec. 23, 4033 Bills, recommitment, Sec. 28, 4035 Bills, Report taken up, Sec. 29, 4036 Bills sent to the other House, Sec. 44, 4048 Call of the House, Sec. 7, 4026 Co-existing Questions, Sec. 37, 4043 Committees, Sec. 11, 4027 Committee of the Whole, Sec. 12, 4027 Conferences, Sec. 46, 4049 Division of the House, Sec. 41, 4045 Division of the Question, Sec. 36, 4043 Elections, Sec. 4, 4025 Equivalent Questions, Sec. 38, 4044 Examination of Witnesses, Sec. 13, 4028 Impeachment, Sec. 53, 4054 Importance of adhering to rules, Sec. 1, 4022 Journals, Sec. 49, 4051 Legislature, Sec. 2, 4022 Messages, Sec. 47, 4050 Motions, Sec. 20, 4033 Order, Sec. 15, 4029 Order, in debate, Sec. 17, 4030 Order, respecting papers, Sec. 16, 4030 Orders of the House, Sec. 18, 4032 Petition, Sec. 19, 4032 Previous Questions, Sec. 34, 4040 Privilege, Sec. 3, 4023 Privileged Questions, Sec. 33, 4038 Qualification, Sec. 5, 4025 Quasi-Committee, Sec. 30, 4036 Question, the, Sec. 39, 4044 Quorum, Sec. 6, 4026 Reading Papers, Sec. 32, 4037 Reconsideration, Sec. 43, 4047 Report of Committee, Sec. 27, 4035 Resolutions, Sec. 21, 4033 Session, a, Sec. 51, 4052 Speaker, Sec. 9, 4026 Titles, Sec. 42, 4047 Treaties, Sec. 52, 4052 Ordinance of 1787, 4010 Ratification of Constitution, 4020 Ratification of amendment to Constitution, 4025

INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES.

ART. SEC. PAGE.

Arts and sciences, to be promoted, 1 8 15

Acts, records, and judicial proceedings of each State entitled to faith and credit in other States, 4 1 17

Amendments to the Constitution, how made, 5 1 18 made, .. .. 19

Appointments to be made by the President, 2 2 16

Apportionment of representatives, 1 2 13

Appropriations by law, 1 9 15

Appropriation for army not to exceed two years, 1 8 15

Armies, Congress to raise and support, 1 8 15

Arms, right of the people to keep and bear, .. .. 19

Assemble, people may, .. .. 19

Attainder, bill of, prohibited to Congress, 1 9 15 prohibited to the States, 1 10 16 of treason shall not work corruption of blood or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted, 3 3 17

Bail, excessive, not required, .. .. 19

Bankruptcy laws to be uniform, 1 8 15

Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives, 1 7 14 before they become laws, shall be passed by both houses and approved by the President; or, if disapproved, shall be passed by two-thirds of each house, 1 7 14 not returned in ten days, unless an adjournment intervene, shall be laws, 1 7 15

Borrow money, Congress may, 1 8 15

Capitation tax, apportionment of, 1 9 15

Census, or enumeration, to be made every ten years, 1 2 13

Citizens of the United States, who are, (14th amendment), .. 1 20 privileges or immunities of, not to be abridged by any State (14th amendment), .. 1 20

Citizens of United States, not to be abridged on account of color, race, or previous condition of servitude, (15th amendment), .. .. 20

Citizens of each State shall be entitled to the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States, 4 2 17

Claims, no prejudice to certain, 4 3 17 of the United States, or of the several States, not to be prejudiced by any construction of the Constitution, 4 3 18

Coasting trade, regulations respecting, 1 9 15

Coin, Congress fix value of foreign, 1 8 15

Commerce, Congress to regulate, 1 8 15 regulations respecting, to be equal and uniform, 1 9 15

Commissions to be granted by the President, 2 3 17

Common law recognized and established, (7th amendment), .. .. 19

Congress vested with power, 1 1 13 may alter the regulations of State legislatures concerning elections of senators and representatives, except as to place of choosing senators, 1 4 14 shall assemble once every year, 1 4 14 officers of government cannot be members of, 1 6 14 may provide for cases of removal, death, &c., of President and Vice-President, 2 1 16 may determine the time of choosing electors of President and Vice-President, 2 1 16 may invest the appointment of inferior officers in the President alone, in the courts of law, or the heads of departments, 2 2 16 may establish courts inferior to the Supreme Court, 3 1 17 may declare the punishment of treason, 3 3 17 may prescribe the manner of proving the acts and records of each State, 4 1 17 to assent to the formation of new States, 4 3 18 may propose amendments to Constitution or call a convention, 5 1 18 to lay and collect duties, 1 8 15 to borrow money, 1 8 15 to regulate commerce, 1 8 15 to establish uniform laws of bankruptcy and naturalization, 1 8 15 to coin money, to regulate the value of coin, and fix a standard of weights and measures, 1 8 15 to punish counterfeiting, 1 8 15 to constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court, 1 8 15 to define and punish piracies, felonies on the high seas, and offenses against the laws of nations, 1 8 15 to establish post offices and post roads, 1 8 15 to authorize patents to authors and inventors, 1 8 15 to declare war, grant letters of marque, and make rules concerning captures, 1 8 15 to raise and support armies, 1 8 15 to provide and maintain a navy, 1 8 15 to make rules for the government of the army and navy, 1 8 15 to call out the militia in certain cases, 1 8 15 to organize, arm, and discipline militia, 1 8 15 to exercise exclusive legislation over seat of government, 1 8 15 to pass laws necessary to carry the enumerated powers into effect, 1 8 15 to dispose of and make rules concerning the territory or other property of the United States, 4 3 18 President may convene and adjourn in certain cases, 2 3 17 may enforce prohibition of slavery by appropriate legislation, (amendment), 13 2 20

Congress may, by a two-third’s vote, remove disability of persons who engaged in rebellion, (14th amendment), 14 8 20 shall have power, by appropriate legislation, to enforce the provisions of Article XIV, (14th amendment), 14 5 20 shall have power to enforce the provisions of Article XV, (15th amendment), 15 2 20 representation in, how apportioned, (14th amendment), .. 2 20

Constitution, how amended, 5 1 18 laws and treaties declared to be the supreme law, 6 1 18 rendered operative by the ratification of nine States, 7 1 18

Contracts, no law impairing, 1 10 16

Conventions for proposing amendments to the Constitution, 5 1 18

Counterfeiting, Congress to provide for punishment of, 1 8 15

Court, Supreme, its original and appellate jurisdiction, 3 2 17

Courts inferior to the Supreme Court may be ordained by Congress, 1 8 15 Ditto Ditto, 3 1 17

Crimes, persons accused of, fleeing from justice, may be demanded, 4 2 17 how to be tried, 3 2 17

Criminal prosecutions, proceedings in cases of, .. .. 19

Debts against the confederation to be valid, 6 1 18

Debt, public, authorized by law, shall not be questioned, (14th amendment), .. 4 20 incurred in aid of rebellion not to be assumed or paid, (14th amendment), .. 4 20

Disability of persons who engaged in rebellion (14th amendment), .. 3 20

Duties to be laid by Congress, and to be uniform, 1 8 15 further provision respecting, 1 9 15 cannot be laid by the States, 1 10 16 on exports prohibited, 1 9 15 on imports and exports imposed by States shall inure to the treasury of the United States, 1 10 16

Elections of Senators and representative shall be prescribed by the States, 1 4 14 qualifications and returns of members of Congress to be determined by each house, 1 5 14

Electors of President and Vice-President, how chosen, and their duties, 2 1 16 altered (see 12th amendment), .. .. 19 to vote the same day throughout the United States, 2 1 16 no senator or representative, or public officer, shall serve as, 2 1 16

Enumeration every ten years, 1 2 13

Executive power vested in the President, (see President), 2 1 16

Exports not to be taxed, 1 9 15 and imports, States prohibited from laying duties on, 1 10 16

Ex post facto law, none shall be passed, 1 9 15 prohibited to States, 1 10 16

Fines, excessive prohibited, .. .. 19

Fugitives from justice to be delivered up, 4 2 17 from service may be reclaimed, 4 2 17

Habeas corpus, writ of, can be suspended in cases of rebellion or invasion, 1 9 15

House of Representatives. (See Representatives.)

Impeachment to be brought by House of Representatives, 1 2 13 tried by the Senate, 1 3 14

Impeachment, judgment on, 1 3 14 all civil officers liable to, 2 4 17

Importation of slaves, not prohibited till 1808, 1 9 15

Judges shall hold their office during good behavior, 3 1 17 their compensation, 3 1 17

Judiciary—tribunals inferior to Supreme Court may be created, 1 8 15

Judicial power vested in a Supreme Court and courts inferior, 3 1 17 powers of the judiciary, 3 2 17 restriction as to suits against a State, .. .. 19

Judicial proceedings of each State are entitled to faith and credit in every State, 4 1 17

Jury trial secured, and shall be held in the State where the crime shall have been committed, 3 2 17 further regulated, (6th amendment), .. .. 19 secured in suits at common law where the value of controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, (7th amendment), .. .. 19

Law, what is declared the supreme, 6 1 18 common, recognized and established, (7th amendment), .. ..

Laws, President to see them faithfully executed, 2 3 17

Legislative powers vested in Congress. (See Congress.)

Loans, authority to make, 1 8 15

Marque and reprisal, letters of, 1 8 15

Militia to be called out, 1 8 15 to be officered by the States, 1 8 15 to be commanded by the President, 2 2 19 their right to keep and bear arms secured, (2d amendment), .. .. 19

Money shall be drawn from the treasury only by appropriation laws, 1 9 15 Congress to coin and regulate value of, 1 8 15 States cannot make, 1 10 16

Naturalization, uniform rules of, 1 8 15

Navy, Congress to provide and govern, 1 8 15

Nobility, titles of, shall not be granted by the United States, 1 9 15 nor by the States, 1 10 12

Oath of the President, 2 1 16 of the public officers, 6 1 18

Office, who prohibited from holding, (14th amendment), .. 3 20

Officers of the House of Representatives shall be chosen by the House, 1 2 13

Officers of the Senate shall be chosen by the Senate, 1 3 14 civil, may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17

Order of one house requiring the concurrence of the other, 1 7 14

Pardons, President may grant, 2 2 16

Patents to be granted to inventors, 1 8 15

Petition, right of, .. .. 19

Persons held to service or labor, their importation or migration into the United States may be prohibited after 1808, 1 9 15 escaping from one State to another shall be delivered up to those entitled to service, 4 2 17

Piracy, Congress to prescribe punishment for, 1 8 15

Post offices and post roads, establishment of, 1 8 15

Powers not delegated to Congress nor prohibited to the States are reserved, (10th amendment), .. .. 19 legislative (See Congress.) executive (See President.) judicial (See Judicial.)

Presents from foreign powers to public officers prohibited, 1 9 15

Press, freedom of

President of the U. S. vested with the executive power, 2 1 16 shall be chosen for four years, 2 1 16 how elected, 2 1 16 same, (12th amendment), .. .. 19 qualifications for, 2 1 16 who shall act in case of vacancy, 2 1 16 compensation of, 2 1 16 shall take an oath of office, 2 1 16 may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17

President, commander of army, navy, and militia, 2 2 16 may require the written opinion of the heads of departments, 2 2 16 may reprieve and pardon, 2 2 16 may make treaties with consent of the Senate, 2 2 16 may appoint to office with consent of the Senate, 2 2 16 shall fill up vacancies happening during the recess of the Senate, 2 2 16 shall give information to Congress and recommend measures, 2 3 17 may convene both houses or either house, 2 3 17 may adjourn them in case of disagreement, 2 3 17 shall receive ambassadors and public ministers, 2 3 17 shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, 2 3 17 shall commission all officers, 2 3 17

Privileges and immunities of members of Congress, 1 6 14 of citizens (See Citizens, also Rights.)

Property, Congress to provide for care of public, 4 3 18 shall not be taken for public use without just compensation, (5th amendment), .. ..

Punishments, cruel and unusual, prohibited, .. ..

Quorum for business, what shall be a, 1 5 14 of States in choosing a President by the House of Representatives, 2 1 16

Quartered, no soldier to be quartered on a citizen, .. .. 19

Rebellion, debt incurred in aid of, not to be assumed or paid, (14th amendment), .. 4 20 disability of persons who have engaged in (14th amendment), .. 3 20

Receipts and expenditures, accounts of, to be published, 1 9 15

Records, how to be authenticated, 4 1 17

Religion—no law to be made—free exercise of, .. .. 19 religious test not required, 6 .. 18

Reprieves granted by the President, 2 2

Representatives, House of, composed of members chosen every second year, 1 2 13 qualifications of voters, 1 2 13 qualifications of members, 1 2 13 apportionment of, 1 2 13 vacancies, how supplied, 1 2 13 shall choose their officers, 1 2 13 shall have the power of impeachment, 1 2 13

Representation shall be the judge of the election and qualifications of its members, 1 5 14 what shall be a quorum, 1 5 14 any number may adjourn and compel the attendance of absentees, 1 5 14 may determine the rules of proceeding, 1 5 14 may punish or expel a member, 1 5 14 shall keep a journal and publish the same, 1 5 14 shall not adjourn for more than three days nor to any other place, without the consent of the Senate, 1 5 14 one-fifth may require the yeas and nays, 1 5 14 shall originate bills for raising revenue, 1 7 14 compensation to be ascertained by law, 1 6 14 privileged from arrest, except in certain cases, 1 6 14

Representatives shall not be questioned for speech or debate in the House, 1 6 14 shall not be appointed to office, 1 6 14 shall not serve as electors of President, 2 1 16 and direct taxes apportioned according to numbers, 1 2 13 how apportioned among the several States, (14th amendment), .. 2 20 who prohibited from being, (14th amendment), .. 3 20 of a State, vacancies in, supplied until a new election by executive authority, 1 2 13

Resolution, order, or vote, requiring the concurrence of both houses, to undergo the formalities of bills, 1 7 14

Revenue bills to originate in the House of Representatives, 1 7 14

Rights of the citizen declared to be— privileges of citizens of the several States, 4 2 17 liberty of conscience in matters of religion, .. .. 19 freedom of speech and of the press, .. .. 19 to assemble and petition, .. .. 19 to keep and bear arms, .. .. 19 to be exempt from the quartering of soldiers, .. .. 19 to be secure from unreasonable searches and seizures, .. .. 19 to be free from answering for a crime, unless on presentment or indictment of a jury, .. .. 19 not to be twice jeoparded for the same offence, .. .. 19 not to be compelled to be a witness against himself, .. .. 19 not to be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due course of law, .. .. 19 private property not to be taken for public use, .. .. 19 in criminal prosecutions, shall enjoy the right of a speedy trial by jury, with all the means necessary for his defence, .. .. 19 in civil cases trial to be by jury, and shall only be re-examined according to common law, .. .. 19 excessive bail shall not be required, excessive fines imposed, no cruel nor unusual punishment inflicted, .. .. 19 enumeration of certain rights shall not operate against retained rights, .. .. 19

Rules, each house shall determine its own, 1 5 14

Seat of government, exclusive legislation, 1 8 15

Searches and seizures, security against, .. .. 19

Senate, composed of two senators from each State, 1 3 14 how chosen, classed, and terms of service, 1 3 14

Senate, qualifications of senators, 1 3 14 Vice-President to be President of the, 1 3 14 shall choose their officers, 1 3 14 shall be the judge of the elections and qualifications of its members, 1 5 14 what number shall be a quorum, 1 5 14 any number may adjourn, and compel attendance of absentees, 1 5 14 may determine its rules, 1 5 14 may punish or expel a member, 1 5 14 shall keep a journal, and publish the same, except parts requiring secrecy, 1 5 14 shall not adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place, without the consent of the other house, 1 5 14 one-fifth may require the yeas and nays, 1 5 14 may propose amendments to bills for raising revenue, 1 7 14 shall try impeachments, 1 3 14 effect of their judgment on impeachment, 1 3 14 compensation to be ascertained by law, 1 6 14 privileged from arrest, 1 6 14 not questioned for any speech or debate, 1 6 14 shall not be appointed to office, 1 6 14

Senator, shall not be elector, 2 1 16 who prohibited from being, (14th amendment), .. 3 20

Senators and representatives, elections of, how prescribed, 1 4 14

Slaves, their importation may be prohibited after 1808, 1 9 15 escaping from one State to another may be reclaimed, 4 2 17 claims for the loss or emancipation of, to be held illegal and void, (14th amendment), .. 4 20

Slavery, except as a punishment for crime, prohibited, amendment, 13 1 20 Congress authorized to enforce the prohibition of, (amendment), 13 2 20

Soldiers not quartered on citizens, .. .. 19

Speaker, how chosen, 1 2 13

Speech, freedom of, .. .. 19

States prohibited from— entering into treaty, alliance, or confederation, 1 10 16 granting letters of marque, 1 10 16 coining money, 1 10 16 emitting bills of credit, 1 10 16 making anything a tender but gold and silver coin, 1 10 16 prohibited from— passing bills of attainder, ex post facto laws, or laws impairing contracts, 1 10 16 granting titles of nobility, 1 10 16 laying duties on imports and exports, 1 10 16 laying duties on tonnage, 1 10 16 keeping troops or ships of war in time of peace, 1 10 16 entering into any agreement or contract with another State or foreign power, 1 10 16 engaging in war, 1 10 16 abridging right of United States citizens of, to vote on account of race or color, (15th amendment), .. 1 20

States, new, may be admitted into the Union, 4 3 18 may be admitted within the jurisdiction of others, or by the junction of two or more, with the consent of Congress and the legislatures concerned, 4 3 18

State judges bound to consider treaties, the Constitution, and the laws under it, as supreme, 6 .. 18

State, every, guarantied a republican form of government, protected by United States, 4 4 18

Supreme Court. (See Court and Judiciary.)

Suits at common law, proceedings in, .. .. 19

Tax, direct, according to representation, 1 2 13 shall be laid only in proportion to census, 1 9 15

Tax on exports prohibited, 1 9 15

Tender, what shall be a legal, 1 10 16

Territory or public property, Congress may make rules concerning, 4 3 18

Test, religious, shall not be required, 6 .. 18

Titles. (See Nobility.)

Title from foreign state prohibited, 1 9 15

Treason, defined, 3 3 17 two witnesses, or confession, necessary for conviction, 3 3 17 punishment of, may be prescribed by Congress, 3 3 17

Treasury, money drawn from, only by appropriation, 1 9 15

Treaties, how made, 2 2 16 the supreme law, 6 .. 18 States cannot make, 1 10 16

Vacancies happening during the recess may be filled temporarily by the President, 2 2 16 in representation in Congress, how filled, 1 2 13

Veto of the President, effect of, and proceedings on, 1 7 14

Vice-President of the U. S. to be President of the Senate, 1 3 14 how elected, 2 1 16 amendment, .. .. 19 shall, in certain cases, discharge the duties of President, 2 1 16 may be removed by impeachment, 2 4 17

Vote of one house requiring the concurrence of the other, 1 7 14 right of citizens to, not to be abridged on account of race or color, (15th amendment), .. 1 20

War, Congress to declare, 1 8 15

Warrants for searches and seizures, when and how they shall issue (14th amendment), .. .. 19

Witness, in criminal cases, no one compelled to be against himself (5th amendment), .. .. 19

Weights and Measures, standard of, 1 8 15

Yeas and nays entered on journal, 1 6 14