BOOK V.. Tabulated History of the General Government.

TABULATED HISTORY OF THE GENERAL GOVERNMENT.

ESTIMATE of VALUES of FOREIGN COINS.

─────────────┬────────────────┬───────────────┬──────┬──────────────── Country. │ Monetary unit. │ Standard │Value │ Standard coin │ │ │ in │ │ │ │United│ │ │ │States│ │ │ │money.│ ─────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────┼──────┼──────────────── Austria │Florin │Silver │ $0│ │ │ │ 40.6│ Belgium │Franc │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, and 20 │ │ │ │ francs. Bolivia │Boliviano │Silver │ 82.3│Boliviano. Brazil │Milreis of 1,000│Gold │ 54.6│ │ reis │ │ │ British │Dollar │do │ 1 00│ Possessions│ │ │ │ in North │ │ │ │ America. │ │ │ │ Chili │Peso │Gold and silver│ 91.2│Condor, │ │ │ │ doubloon, and │ │ │ │ escudo. Cuba │do │do │ 93.2│¹⁄₁₆, ⅛, ¼, ½, │ │ │ │ and 1 │ │ │ │ doubloon. Denmark │Crown │Gold │ 26.8│10 and 20 │ │ │ │ crowns. Ecuador │Peso │Silver │ 82.3│Peso. Egypt │Piaster │Gold │ 04.9│5, 10, 25, 50, │ │ │ │ and 100 │ │ │ │ piasters. France │Franc │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, and 20 │ │ │ │ francs. Great Britain│Pound Sterling │Gold │ 4│½ sovereign and │ │ │ 86.6½│ sovereign. Greece │Drachma │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, 20, 50, │ │ │ │ and 100 │ │ │ │ drachmas. German Empire│Mark │Gold │ 23.8│5, 10, and 20 │ │ │ │ marks. Hayti │Gourde │Gold and silver│ 96.5│1, 2, 5, and 10 │ │ │ │ gourdes. India │Rupee of 16 │Silver │ 39│ │ annas │ │ │ Italy │Lira │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, 20, 50, │ │ │ │ and 100 lire. Japan │Yen │Silver │ 88.7│1, 2, 5, 10, and │ │ │ │ 20 yen; gold │ │ │ │ and silver │ │ │ │ yen. Liberia │Dollar │Gold │ 1 00│ Mexico │do │Silver │ 89.4│Peso or dollar │ │ │ │ 5, 10, 25, and │ │ │ │ 50 centavo. Netherlands │Florin │Gold and silver│ 40.2│ Norway │Crown │Gold │ 26.8│10 and 20 │ │ │ │ crowns. Peru │Sol │Silver │ 82.3│Sol. Portugal │Milreis of 1,000│Gold │ 1 08│2, 5, and 10 │ reis │ │ │ milreis. Russia │Rouble of 100 │Silver │ 65.8│¼, ½, and 1 │ copecks │ │ │ rouble. Sandwich │Dollar │Gold │ 1 00│ Islands │ │ │ │ Spain │Peseta of 100 │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, 20, 60, │ centimes │ │ │ and 100 │ │ │ │ pesetas. Sweden │Crown │Gold │ 26.8│10 and 20 │ │ │ │ crowns. Switzerland │Franc │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, and 20 │ │ │ │ francs. Tripoli │Mahbub of 20 │Silver │ 74.3│ │ piasters │ │ │ Turkey │Piaster │Gold │ 04.4│25, 50, 100, │ │ │ │ 250, and 500 │ │ │ │ piasters. United States│Peso │Silver │ 82.3│Peso. of Colombia│ │ │ │ Venezuela │Bolivar │Gold and silver│ 19.3│5, 10, 20, 50, │ │ │ │ and 100 │ │ │ │ Bolivar. ─────────────┴────────────────┴───────────────┴──────┴────────────────

INTEREST LAWS OF ALL THE STATES AND TERRITORIES IN THE UNITED STATES.

STATES & PENALTY OF USURY. LEGAL. SPECIAL. TERRITORIES.

Alabama Loss of interest 8%

Arizona No penalty 10 No limit.

Arkansas Forfeiture of principal and 6 No limit. interest

California No penalty 10 No limit.

Colorado No penalty 10 No limit.

Connecticut Forfeiture of all interest 6 No limit.

Dakota Forfeiture of contract 7 18%

Delaware Forfeiture of contract 6 6

District of Columbia Forfeiture of all interest 6 10

Florida No penalty 8 No limit.

Georgia Forfeiture of excess 7 12

Idaho $300 fine, or imprisonment six 10 24 months, or both

Illinois Forfeiture of all interest 6 8

Indiana Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10

Iowa Forfeiture of interest and costs 6 10

Kansas Forfeiture of excess over 12% 7 12

Kentucky Forfeiture of all interest 6 8

Louisiana Forfeiture of interest 5 8

Maine No penalty 6 No limit.

Maryland Forfeiture of excess 6 6

Massachusetts No penalty; 6% on judgments 6 No limit.

Michigan Forfeiture of excess 7 10

Minnesota Forfeiture of excess over 7% 7 12

Mississippi No penalty 6 No limit.

Missouri Forfeiture of all interest 6 10

Montana No penalty 10

Nebraska Forfeiture of all interest and 10 12 costs

Nevada No penalty 10 No limit.

New Hampshire Forfeit of three times interest 6 6 received

New Jersey Forfeit of all interest 6 7

New Mexico No penalty 6 12

New York Forfeiture of contract 7 7

North Carolina Forfeiture of double amount of 6% 8% principal, and $1,000 fine

Ohio Forfeiture of excess 6 8

Oregon Forfeiture of principal, interest 10 12 and costs

Pennsylvania Forfeiture of excess, Act of 1858 6 6

Rhode Island Forfeiture, unless by contract 6 No limit.

South Carolina No penalty 7 No limit.

Tennessee Forfeiture of over 6%, and $100 6 10 fine

Texas No penalty 8 12

Utah No penalty 10 7

Vermont Forfeit of excess on Railroad 6 Bonds only

Virginia Forfeit of excess. No corporation 6 No limit. can plead usury

Washington Territory No penalty 10 6

West Virginia Forfeit of excess 6 6

Wisconsin Forfeit of all interest 7 10

Wyoming Territory No penalty 10 No limit.

AGGREGATE ISSUES OF PAPER MONEY IN WAR TIMES.

The following table exhibits the amount per capita issued of the Continental money, the French assignats, the Confederate currency, and the legal-tender greenbacks and National bank notes of the United States.

───────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┬─────────────┬─────── │ POPULATION. │ AMOUNT │AMOUNT │ │ ISSUED. │ PER │ │ │ HEAD. ───────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┼─────────────┼─────── Continental money │3,000,000 in 1780. │ $359,546,825│$119.84 French assignats │26,500,000 (France in │9,115,600,000│ 343.98 │ 1790). │ │ Confederate currency │9,103,332 (11 Confederate│ 654,465,963│ 71.89 │ States, 1860). │ │ Greenbacks and National│31,443,321 (United States│ 750,820,228│ 23.87 bank notes │ in 1860). │ │ Highest amount in │ │ 750,820,228│ circulation, Jan. ’66│ │ │ ───────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴─────────────┴───────

ELECTORAL VOTES FOR PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS

──────────┬──────────────┬─────┬─────┬───────┬─────┬──────┬─────┬────┬────── │ CANDIDATES. │Maine│ N. │Vermont│Mass.│ R. │Conn.│ N. │ N. │ │ │Hamp.│ │ │Island│ │York│Jersey ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1788 │Washington, │ │ 5│ │ 10│ │ 7│ │ 6 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ 5│ │ 10│ │ 5│ │ 1 │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ 2│ │ 5 ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1792 │Washington, │ │ 6│ 4│ 16│ 4│ 9│ 12│ 7 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ 6│ 4│ 16│ 4│ 9│ │ 7 │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │George │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 12│ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ │ 6│ 4│ 16│ 4│ 9│ 12│ 7 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ 4│ 13│ │ 4│ 12│ 7 │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ 6│ │ 3│ 4│ 5│ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 12│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ 6│ 4│ 16│ 4│ 9│ │ 7 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ │ │ │ │ sc│ │ 12│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ 6│ 4│ 16│ 3│ 9│ │ 7 │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ │ 7│ 6│ 19│ 4│ │ 19│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ 7│ 6│ 19│ 4│ │ 19│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ 6│ │ │ │ 13│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ 7│ │ 19│ 4│ 9│ sc│ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 13│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ 7│ sc│ 19│ 4│ 9│ sc│ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ 8│ │ 22│ 4│ 9│ 29│ 8 „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ │ 1│ 8│ 2│ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ 7│ │ 20│ 4│ 9│ 29│ 8 │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ │ 8│ 8│ │ 4│ │ 29│ 8 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ 22│ │ 9│ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── │Daniel D. │ │ 8│ 8│ sc│ 4│ sc│ 29│ 8 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ 9│ 7 sc│ 8│ 15│ 4│ 9│ 29│ 8 │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── │Daniel D. │ 9│ 7 sc│ 8│ 7 sc│ 4│ 9│ 29│ 8 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1│ 8 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ 9│ 8│ 7│ 15│ 4│ 8│ 26│ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ 4│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ 9│ 7│ 7│ 15│ 3│ │ 29│ 8 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ sc│ │ │ │ sc│ 7│ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ 7│ 6│ 5│ 12│ 2│ 6│ 18│ 1 Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 2│ 5 „ │Crawford │ │ │ │ 1│ │ │ 14│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ 20│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ 8│ 8│ 7│ 15│ 4│ 8│ 16│ 8 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ 20│ │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ 8│ 8│ 7│ 15│ 4│ 8│ 16│ 8 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 10│ 7│ │ │ │ │ 42│ 8 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ sc│ 14│ 4│ 8│ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 10│ 7│ │ │ │ │ 42│ 8 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ │ │ sc│ 14│ 4│ 8│ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 10│ 7│ │ │ 4│ 8│ 42│ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ 7│ sc│ │ │ │ 8 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ 10│ 7│ │ │ 4│ 8│ 42│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ │ 7│ 14│ │ │ │ 8 „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ 10│ │ 7│ 14│ 4│ 8│ 42│ 8 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ │ 7│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ 10│ │ 7│ 14│ 4│ 8│ 42│ 8 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ │ 36│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ 6│ 12│ 4│ 6│ │ 7 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ │ 36│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ │ 6│ 12│ 4│ 6│ │ 7 │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ │ │ 6│ 12│ 4│ 6│ │ 7 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ │ │ 6│ 12│ 4│ 6│ 36│ 7 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ 8│ 5│ │ │ 4│ 6│ 35│ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ 5│ 13│ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ 8│ 5│ │ │ 4│ 6│ 35│ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ 5│ 13│ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ 8│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 7 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ 8│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 8│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ 4 │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ 8│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 12│ 4│ 6│ 33│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 7 │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ 7│ 5│ 5│ 12│ 4│ 6│ 33│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 7 │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 2│ 4│ 6│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ 33│ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 12│ 4│ 6│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 33│ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ 9 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Horace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ 9 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ 35│ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ 35│ 9 │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ 7│ 5│ 5│ 13│ 4│ 6│ 35│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ 36│ 9 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ 6│ 4│ 4│ 14│ 4│ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼─────┼───────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼────┼────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ 6│ 4│ 4│ 14│ 4│ │ 36│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│ │ 9 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴─────┴─────┴───────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴────┴──────

──────────┬──────────────┬──────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬──┬──┬─────── │ CANDIDATES. │Penna.│Delaware│Maryland│Virginia│N.│S.│Georgia │ │ │ │ │ │C.│C.│ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1788 │Washington, │ 10│ 3│ 6│ 10│ │ 7│ 5 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ 8│ │ │ 5│ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ 2│ 3│ 6│ 5│ │ 7│ 5 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1792 │Washington, │ 15│ 3│ 8│ 21│12│ 7│ 4 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ 14│ 3│ 8│ │ │ 6│ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │George │ 1│ │ │ 21│12│sc│ 4 „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ 1│ 3│ 7│ 1│ 1│ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ 14│ │ 4│ 20│11│ 8│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ 2│ 3│ 4│ 1│ 1│ 8│ │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ 13│ │ 3│ 1│ 6│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ 2│ 19│ 5│ │ 4 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ 6│ │ 5│ 21│ 8│ 8│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ 4│ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ 8│ │ 5│ 21│ 8│ 8│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ 4│ │ │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ 20│ │ 9│ 24│14│10│ 6 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ 3│ 2│ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ 20│ │ 9│ 24│14│10│ 6 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ 3│ 2│ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ 20│ │ 9│ 24│11│10│ 6 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ 3│ 2│ │ 3│ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ 20│ │ 9│ 24│11│10│ 6 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ 3│ 2│ │ 3│ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ 25│ │ 6│ 25│15│11│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ 25│ │ 6│ 25│15│11│ 8 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ 25│ │ 8│ 25│15│11│ 8 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── │Daniel D. │ 25│ sc│ 8│ 25│15│11│ 8 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ 25│ 4│ 11│ 25│15│11│ 8 │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── │Daniel D. │ 25│ sc│ 10 s│ 25│15│11│ 8 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 28│ │ 7│ │15│11│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ │ 1│ 3│ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ │ 2│ 1│ 24│ 9│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ 28│ 1│ 10│ │15│11│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ sc│ sc│ sc│ │ │ sc ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ 1│ │ 5│ 1│ 1│ │ Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ 25│ │ 3│ 1│ 2│ 9│ „ │Crawford │ │ 1│ 1│ 12│10│ │ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 28│ │ 5│ 24│15│11│ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ 3│ 6│ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ 28│ │ 5│ 24│15│11│ 2 │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ │ 3│ 6│ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 30│ │ 3│ 23│15│sc│ 11 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ 3│ 5│ │ │ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ │ │ 3│ 23│15│ │ 11 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ sc│ 3│ 5│ │ │sc│ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 30│ │ │ 23│15│sc│ 7 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ 3│ 10│ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ 30│ │ │ │15│ │ 7 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ 3│ sc│ sc│ │sc│ „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ 30│ 3│ 10│ │15│ │ 11 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ 23│ │11│ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ 30│ 3│ 10│ │15│11│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ 23│ │sc│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ 26│ │ │ 17│ │ 9│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ 3│ 8│ │11│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ 26│ │ │ 17│ │ 9│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ 3│ 8│ │11│ │ │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ 26│ │ 8│ │11│ │ 10 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ │ │ │ 17│ │ 9│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ 26│ 3│ 8│ │11│ │ 10 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ │ │ │ 17│ │ 9│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ 27│ 3│ 8│ 15│10│ 8│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ 27│ 3│ 8│ 15│10│ 8│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ 27│ 3│ │ 15│10│ 8│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ 27│ 3│ │ 15│10│ 8│ 10 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 27│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ │ 3│ 8│ │10│ 8│ 10 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ 15│ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ 27│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ │ 3│ 8│ │10│ 8│ 10 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ 15│ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 26│ │ 7│ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ │ │ │ 10│ 9│ 6│ 9 „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ 26│ │ 7│ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 10│ 9│ 6│ 9 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 26│ │ │ │ 9│ 6│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ 3│ 7│ │ │ │ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 10│ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ 26│ │ │ │ 9│ 6│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ 3│ 7│ │ │ │ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 10│ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 29│ 3│ │ 11│10│ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ 10│ │ │ 6 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 2 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │Horace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ 29│ 3│ │ 11│10│ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ 5 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ 29│ │ │ │ │ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ │ 3│ 8│ 11│10│ │ 11 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ 29│ │ │ │ │ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ 3│ 8│ 11│10│ │ 11 │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ 29│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ │ 3│ 8│ 11│10│ 7│ 11 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ 29│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ │ 3│ 8│ 11│10│ 7│ 11 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│11│ 9│ 12 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ 30│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼──┼──┼─────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ 30│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│11│ 9│ 12 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴──────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴──┴──┴───────

──────────┬──────────────┬───────┬─────┬─────────┬─────┬────────┬────┬─────── │ CANDIDATES. │Alabama│Miss.│Louisiana│Tenn.│Kentucky│Ohio│Indiana │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1788 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1792 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ 4│ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │George │ │ │ │ │ sc│ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 3│ 4│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ │ │ │ 3│ 4│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 5│ 4│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ │ │ │ 3│ 4│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 5│ 8│ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ 5│ 8│ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ 5│ 7│ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ 5│ 7│ sc│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│ 7│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│ 8│ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ 3│ 8│ 12│ 8│ 3 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 8│ 12│ 8│ 3 │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── │Daniel D. │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 8│ 12│ 8│ 3 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 5│ 3│ 3│ 11│ │ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ │ │ 2│ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ │ │ 2│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ 14│ 16│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 11│ 7│ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ │ │ │ 7│ 16│ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ 3│ │ 2│ │ 8│ 10│ Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ │ 1│ 1│ 9│ 4│ 2│ 3 „ │Crawford │ │ │ │ │ │ 2│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 11│ 14│ 16│ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 11│ 14│ 16│ 5 │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 7│ 4│ 5│ 15│ │ 21│ 9 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ 15│ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 7│ 4│ 5│ 15│ │ 21│ 9 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ 15│ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 4│ 5│ sc│ │ │ │ 5 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ 15│ 21│ 9│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ │ sc│ 15│ 21│ 9│ „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ │ 4│ 5│ 15│ 15│ 21│ 9 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ 7│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ 4│ 5│ 17│ 15│ 21│ 9│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ 7│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ 9│ 6│ 6│ │ │ │ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ 13│ 12│ 23│ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ 9│ 6│ 6│ │ │ │ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ │ │ 13│ 12│ 23│ │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ │ │ 6│ 13│ 12│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ 23│ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ │ │ 6│ 13│ 12│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ 9│ 6│ │ │ │ 23│ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ 9│ 7│ 6│ │ │ 23│ 13 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ │ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ 9│ 7│ 6│ │ │ 23│ 13 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ │ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ 9│ 7│ 6│ 12│ 12│ │ 13 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ 9│ 7│ 6│ 12│ 12│ │ 13 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ 13 │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ 9│ 7│ 6│ │ │ │ │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ 13 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ 9│ 7│ 6│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ 21│ 13 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ │ │ │ 11│ │ │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ 8│ 7│ 7│ 10│ │ │ „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ │ │ 21│ 13 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ │ │ │ 11│ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ 8│ 7│ 7│ 10│ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 8│ │ │ 10│ │ 21│ 13 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ │ 7│ │ 11│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ 7│ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ 8│ │ │ 10│ │ 21│ 13 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ │ 7│ │ 11│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ 7│ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 10│ 8│ │ │ │ 22│ 15 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ │ 12│ 8│ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ │ 4│ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │Horace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ 10│ 8│ │ │ │ 22│ 15 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ 12│ 8│ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ │ 3│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ 6│ │ 8│ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ │ │ 8│ │ │ 22│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ 10│ 8│ │ 12│ 12│ │ 15 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ 22│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ 10│ 8│ │ 12│ 12│ │ 15 │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ │ │ │ │ │ 22│ 15 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ 10│ 8│ 8│ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ 22│ 15 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ 10│ 8│ 8│ 12│ 12│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ 10│ 9│ 8│ 12│ 13│ │ 15 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────┼─────────┼─────┼────────┼────┼─────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ │ │ │ │ │ 23│ 15 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ 10│ 9│ 8│ 12│ 13│ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴───────┴─────┴─────────┴─────┴────────┴────┴───────

──────────┬──────────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬────────┬───┬─────── │ CANDIDATES. │Illinois│Missouri│Arkansas│Michigan│W. │Florida │ │ │ │ │ │Va.│ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1788 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1792 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │George │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ │ │ │ Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── │Daniel D. │ 3│ │ │ │ │ Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 2│ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ 1│ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ 3│ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ 3│ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ sc│ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ │ 1│ │ │ │ Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ 1│ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ 5│ 4│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 5│ 4│ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ 4│ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ 4│ 3│ 3│ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ 3│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ 5│ 4│ 3│ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ │ │ │ 3│ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ 5│ 4│ 3│ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ 9│ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ 9│ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ │ │ │ │ │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ 9│ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ 3 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ 9│ 7│ 3│ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ 11│ 9│ 4│ 6│ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ 11│ 9│ 4│ 6│ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ 11│ 9│ 4│ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ │ │ │ 6│ │ │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ 11│ 9│ 4│ │ │ 3 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ │ │ │ 6│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 11│ │ │ 6│ │ │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ │ │ 4│ │ │ 3 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ 11│ │ │ 6│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ │ 4│ │ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 16│ 11│ │ 8│ 5│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ │ │ 5│ │ │ 3 „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ 16│ 11│ │ 8│ 5│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ 5│ │ │ 3 ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 16│ 11│ 5│ 8│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ 16│ 11│ 5│ 8│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 21│ │ 6│ 11│ 5│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ 6│ │ │ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ 8│ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ 6│ │ │ │Horace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ 21│ │ 6│ 11│ 5│ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ 6│ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ 3│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ 1│ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ 21│ │ │ 11│ │ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ │ 15│ 6│ │ 5│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ 21│ │ │ 11│ │ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ 15│ 6│ │ 5│ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ 21│ │ │ 11│ │ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ │ 15│ 5│ │ 8│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ 21│ │ │ 11│ │ 4 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ │ 15│ 5│ │ 8│ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ │ 16│ 7│ │ 6│ 4 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ 22│ │ │ 13│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼────────┼───┼─────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ 22│ │ │ 13│ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ │ 16│ 7│ │ 6│ 4 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴────────┴───┴───────

──────────┬──────────────┬─────┬────┬────┬─────┬────────┬──────┬──────── │ CANDIDATES. │Texas│Iowa│Wis.│Minn.│Nebraska│Kansas│Colorado │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1788 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1792 │Washington, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │George │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Crawford │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ 4│ 4│ 4│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ 4│ 4│ 4│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ 4│ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ 4│ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ 4│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ │ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ 4│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ │ 4│ 5│ │ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ │ 4│ 5│ 4│ │ │ │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ 4│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ │ 4│ 5│ 4│ │ │ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ 4│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ 9│ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ │ 8│ 8│ 4│ │ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ 6│ 8│ │ │ │ │ „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ │ │ 8│ 4│ │ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ 6│ │ │ │ 1│ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ │ 8│ 8│ 4│ 3│ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ 6│ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ │ 8│ 8│ 4│ 3│ 3│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ 6│ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ │ 11│ 10│ 5│ 3│ 5│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Horace │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ │ 11│ 10│ 5│ 3│ 5│ │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ │ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ │ 5│ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ │ 11│ 10│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ │ 11│ 10│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ 8│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ │ 11│ 3│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ 10│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ │ 11│ 3│ 5│ 3│ 5│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ 10│ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ 13│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ │ 13│ 11│ 7│ 5│ 9│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼─────┼────┼────┼─────┼────────┼──────┼──────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ │ 13│ 11│ 7│ 5│ 9│ 3 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ 13│ │ │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴─────┴────┴────┴─────┴────────┴──────┴────────

──────────┬──────────────┬──────┬──────┬────┬────── │ CANDIDATES. │Nevada│Oregon│Cal.│Total. │ │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1788 │Washington, │ │ │ │ 69 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ 34 │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ 35 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1792 │Washington, │ │ │ │ 132 │ Va. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ „ │John Adams, │ │ │ │ 77 │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ │George │ │ │ │ 50 „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1796 │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ 71 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ „ │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 68 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ 59 │ C. (Fed) │ │ │ │ „ │Burr. N. Y. │ │ │ │ 30 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Scattering │ │ │ │ 48 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1800 │Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 73 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ 65 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ „ │Burr, N.Y. │ │ │ │ 73 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ 64 │ C. (Rep.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1804 Pres.│Jefferson, Va.│ │ │ │ 162 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ 14 │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ 162 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ 14 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1808 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ 122 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Pinckney, S. │ │ │ │ 47 │ C. (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Clinton, N. Y.│ │ │ │ 113 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ 47 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1812 Pres.│Madison, Va. │ │ │ │ 128 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ │De Witt │ │ │ │ 89 „ │ Clinton, N. │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Cl. │ │ │ │ │ Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Gerry, Mass. │ │ │ │ 131 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Ingersoll, Pa.│ │ │ │ 86 │ (Cl. Dem) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1816 Pres.│Monroe, Va. │ │ │ │ 183 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │King, N. Y. │ │ │ │ 34 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ │ 183 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1820 Pres.│James Monroe, │ │ │ │ 231 │ Va. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── │Daniel D. │ │ │ │ 218 Vice-Pres.│ Tompkins, N.│ │ │ │ │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1824 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ 99 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │John Q. Adams,│ │ │ │ 84 │ Mass. (Fed.)│ │ │ │ „ │Crawford, Ga. │ │ │ │ 41 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ 37 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Calhoun, S. C.│ │ │ │ 183 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Sanford, N. Y │ │ │ │ 30 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vote House│Adams (Fed.) │ │ │ │ 13 Rep. │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ │ „ │Jackson (Dem.)│ │ │ │ 7 „ │Crawford │ │ │ │ 4 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1828 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ 178 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Adams, Mass. │ │ │ │ 83 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│J. C. Calhoun,│ │ │ │ 171 │ S. C. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ „ │Rush, Pa. │ │ │ │ 83 │ (Fed.) │ │ │ │ „ │Smith, S. C. │ │ │ │ 7 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1832 Pres.│Jackson, Tenn.│ │ │ │ 219 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ 49 │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ 189 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Sergeant, Pa. │ │ │ │ 49 │ (Whig.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1836 Pres.│Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ 170 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ 73 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ 147 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ │Francis │ │ │ │ 77 „ │ Granger, N. │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1840 Pres.│Harrison, Ohio│ │ │ │ 234 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ „ │Van Buren, N. │ │ │ │ 60 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Tyler, Va. │ │ │ │ 234 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Ky. │ │ │ │ 48 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1844 Pres.│Polk, Tenn. │ │ │ │ 170 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Clay, Ky. │ │ │ │ 105 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Dallas, Pa. │ │ │ │ 170 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Frelinghuysen,│ │ │ │ 105 │ N. Y. (Whig)│ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1848 Pres.│Taylor, La. │ │ │ │ 163 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ „ │Cass, Mich. │ │ │ │ 127 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Fillmore N. Y.│ │ │ │ 163 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ „ │Butler, Ky. │ │ │ │ 127 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1852 Pres.│Pierce, N. H. │ │ │ │ 254 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Scott, Va. │ │ │ │ 42 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│King, Ala. │ │ │ │ 254 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Graham, N. C. │ │ │ │ 42 │ (Whig) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1856 Pres.│Buchanan, Pa. │ │ │ 4│ 174 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │J. C. Fremont,│ │ │ │ 114 │ N. Y. (Rep.)│ │ │ │ „ │Fillmore, N. │ │ │ │ 8 │ Y. (Am.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Breckinridge, │ │ │ 4│ 174 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Dayton, Ohio │ │ │ │ 114 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Donnelson, │ │ │ │ 8 │ Tenn. (Am.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1860 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ │ 3│ 4│ 180 │ (Rep) │ │ │ │ „ │Breckinridge, │ │ │ │ 72 │ Ky. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Bell, Tenn. │ │ │ │ 39 │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ „ │Douglas, Ill. │ │ │ │ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Hamlin, Me. │ │ 3│ 4│ 180 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Lane, Oregon │ │ │ │ 72 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Everett, Mass.│ │ │ │ 39 │ (Am.) │ │ │ │ „ │Johnson, Geo. │ │ │ │ 12 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1864 Pres.│Lincoln, Ill. │ 2│ 3│ 5│ 212 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │J McClellan, │ │ │ │ 21 │ N. J. (Dem.)│ │ │ │ │Vacancies. │ 1│ │ │ 81 „ │ Seceded │ │ │ │ │ States │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Johnson, Tenn.│ 2│ 3│ 5│ 212 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Pendleton, │ │ │ │ 21 │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 81 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1868 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 3│ │ 5│ 214 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Seymour, N. Y.│ │ 3│ │ 80 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 23 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Colfax Ind. │ 3│ │ 5│ 214 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Blair, Me. │ │ 3│ │ 80 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Vacancies │ │ │ │ 23 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1872 Pres.│Grant, Ill. │ 3│ 3│ │ 286 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ │ 42 │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ 18 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Perkins, Ga. │ │ │ │ 2 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Davis, Ill. │ │ │ │ 1 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ 17 │Horace │ │ │ │ │ Greeley, N. │ │ │ │ │ Y. (Lib. │ │ │ │ „ │ Rep.) died │ │ │ │ │ before │ │ │ │ │ meeting of │ │ │ │ │ electoral │ │ │ │ │ college │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Wilson, Mass. │ 3│ 3│ │ 286 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Brown, Mo. │ │ │ │ 47 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Julian, Ind. │ │ │ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Colquitt, Ga. │ │ │ │ 5 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Palmer, Ill. │ │ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Bramlette, Ky.│ │ │ │ 3 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Groesbeck, │ │ │ │ 1 │ Ohio (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Macken, Ky. │ │ │ │ 1 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Banks, Mass. │ │ │ │ 1 │ (Lib. Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Not counted │ │ │ │ 14 ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1876 Pres.│Hayes, Ohio │ 3│ 3│ 6│ 185 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Tilden, N. Y. │ │ │ │ 184 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Wheeler, N. Y.│ 3│ 3│ 6│ 185 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Hendricks, │ │ │ │ 184 │ Ind. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1880 Pres.│Garfield, Ohio│ │ 3│ 1│ 214 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Hancock, N. Y.│ 3│ │ 5│ 155 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Weaver, Iowa │ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── Vice-Pres.│Arthur, N. Y. │ │ 3│ 1│ 214 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │English, Ind. │ 3│ │ │ 155 │ (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Chambers, Tex.│ │ │ │ │ (Gr.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1884 Pres.│Cleveland, N. │ │ │ │ 219 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ „ │Blaine, Me. │ 3│ 3│ 8│ 182 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┼──────────────┼──────┼──────┼────┼────── 1888 Pres.│Harrison, Ind.│ 3│ 3│ 8│ 233 │ (Rep.) │ │ │ │ „ │Cleveland, N. │ │ │ │ 168 │ Y. (Dem.) │ │ │ │ ──────────┴──────────────┴──────┴──────┴────┴──────

STATES AND TERRITORIAL GOVERNMENTS.

────────────────────┬──────────┬──────────────────────┬────────── States and │ Area in │ Capitals. │Governor’s Territories. │sq. miles.│ │ salary. ────────────────────┼──────────┼──────────────────────┼────────── Alabama │ 50,722│Montgomery │ $4,000 Alaska Territory │ 577,380│Sitka │ Arizona Territory │ 113,916│Tucson │ 2,600 Arkansas │ 52,198│Little Rock │ 5,000 California │ 188,981│Sacramento │ 7,000 Colorado │ 104,500│Denver │ Connecticut │ 4,750│Hartford │ 2,000 Dakota, North } │ 15,200│Bismarck │ 3,000 Dakota, South } │ „ │Pierre │ 2,500 Delaware │ 2,120│Dover │ 2,000 District of Columbia│ 60│Washington │ Florida │ 59,248│Tallahassee │ 5,000 Georgia │ 58,000│Atlanta │ 4,000 Idaho │ 90,932│Boise City │ Illinois │ 55,410│Springfield │ 6,000 Indian Territory │ 68,091│Tahlequah │ 1,000 Iowa │ 55,045│Des Moines │ 2,500 Kansas │ 88,318│Topeka │ 3,000 Kentucky │ 37,680│Frankfort │ 5,000 Louisiana │ 41,346│Baton Rouge │ 7,000 Maine │ 35,000│Augusta │ 2,500 Maryland │ 11,124│Annapolis │ 4,500 Massachusetts │ 7,800│Boston │ 5,000 Michigan │ 56,451│Lansing │ 1,000 Minnesota │ 83,531│St. Paul │ 3,000 Mississippi │ 47,156│Jackson │ 3,000 Missouri │ 65,350│Jefferson City │ 5,000 Montana │ 143,776│Helena │ 5,000 Nebraska │ 75,995│Lincoln │ 1,000 Nevada │ 81,539│Carson City │ 6,000 New Hampshire │ 9,280│Concord │ 1,000 New Jersey │ 8,320│Trenton │ 10,000 New Mexico Territory│ 121,201│Santa Fe │ New York │ 47,000│Albany │ 10,000 North Carolina │ 50,704│Raleigh │ 5,000 Ohio │ 39,964│Columbus │ 4,000 Oregon │ 95,274│Salem │ 1,500 Pennsylvania │ 46,000│Harrisburg │ 10,000 Rhode Island │ 1,306│Newport and Providence│ 1,000 South Carolina │ 34,000│Columbia │ 4,000 Tennessee │ 45,000│Nashville │ 3,000 Texas │ 274,356│Austin │ 5,000 Utah Territory │ 88,056│Salt Lake City │ 2,600 Vermont │ 10,212│Montpelier │ 1,000 Virginia │ 38,352│Richmond │ 5,000 Washington │ 69,994│Olympia │ 4,000 West Virginia │ 23,000│Wheeling │ 2,700 Wisconsin │ 53,924│Madison │ 5,000 Wyoming │ 85,000│Cheyenne │ 2,600 ────────────────────┴──────────┴──────────────────────┴──────────

────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┬──────────────────────── States and │ Legislatures meet. │Time of Election in each Territories. │ │ State. ────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┼──────────────────────── Alabama │2d Monday November│1st Monday August Alaska Territory │ │ Arizona Territory │ January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Arkansas │Tuesday after November│1st Monday September │ 2d Mon. │ California │1st Monday December│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Colorado │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Connecticut │Wednesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Dakota, North } │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Dakota, South } │1st Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Delaware │1st Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. District of Columbia│ │ Florida │Tuesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Georgia │2d Wednesday January│1st Wednesday October Idaho │ │ Illinois │Wednesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Indiana │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Indian Territory │ │ Iowa │2d Monday January│2d Tuesday October Kansas │2d Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Kentucky │1st Monday December│1st Monday August Louisiana │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Maine │1st Wednesday January│2d Monday September Maryland │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Massachusetts │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Michigan │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Minnesota │Tuesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Mississippi │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Missouri │Last Monday December│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Montana │1st Monday January│ Nebraska │Tuesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Nevada │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. New Hampshire │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. New Jersey │Monday before January│Tuesday after November │ 3d Tues. │ 1st Mon. New Mexico Territory│ │ New York │1st Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. North Carolina │Wednesday after January│Tuesday after November │ 1st Mon. │ 1st Mon. Ohio │2d Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Oregon │2d Monday September│1st Monday June Pennsylvania │1st Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Rhode Island │ May and│1st Wednesday April │ January│ South Carolina │4th Tuesday November│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Tennessee │1st Monday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Texas │2d Tuesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Utah Territory │ │ Vermont │1st Wednesday October│1st Tuesday September Virginia │1st Monday December│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Washington │ │ West Virginia │1st Monday December│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Wisconsin │1st Wednesday January│Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. Wyoming │ │Tuesday after November │ │ 1st Mon. ────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┴────────────────────────

THE CUSTOMS TARIFF OF GREAT BRITAIN.

No protective duties are now levied on goods imported, Customs duties being charged solely for the sake of revenue. Formerly the articles subject to duty numbered nearly a thousand; now they are only twenty-two, the chief being tobacco, spirits, tea, and wine. The following is a complete list:

ARTICLES. Duty.

£ s. d.

Ale or beer, spec. gravity not exceeding 1065°, per bbl. 0 8 0

Ale or beer, spec. gravity not exceeding 1090°, per bbl. 0 11 0

Ale or beer, spec. gravity exceeding 1090°, per bbl. 0 16 0

Beer, Mum, per bbl. 1 1 0

Beer, spruce, spec. gravity not exceeding 1190°, per bbl. 1 1 0

Beer, spruce, exceeding 1190°, per barrel 1 4 0

Cards, playing, per doz. packs 0 3 9

Chicory (raw or kiln-dried), cwt. 0 13 3

Chicory (roasted or ground), lb. 0 0 2

Chloral hydrate, pound 0 1 3

Chloroform, pound 0 3 0

Cocoa, pound 0 0 1

Cocoa, cwt., husks and shells 0 2 0

Cocoa paste and chocolate, pound 0 0 2

Coffee, raw, cwt. 0 14 0

Coffee, kiln-dried, roasted or ground, per pound 0 0 2

Collodion, gallon 0 1 4

Essence of spruce, 10 per cent. ad valorem Ethyl, iodide of, gallon 0 13 0

Ether, gallon 0 1 5

Fruit, dried, cwt. 0 7 0

Malt, per quarter 1 4 9

Naphtha, purified, gallon 0 10 5

Pickles, in vinegar, gallon 0 0 1

Plate, gold, ounce 0 17 0

Plate, silver, ounce 0 1 6

Spirits, brandy, Geneva, rum, etc., gallon 0 10 5

Spirits, rum, from British Colonies, gallon 0 10 2

Spirits, cologne water, gallon 0 16 6

Tea, pound 0 0 6

Tobacco, unmanufactured, lb. 0 3 1¾

Tobacco, containing less than ten per ct. of moisture, lb. 0 3 6

Cavendish or Negro head 0 4 6

Other manufactured tobacco 0 4 0

Snuff, containing more than 13 per cent. of moisture, lb. 0 3 9

Snuff, less than 13 per cent. of moisture, lb. 0 4 6

Tobacco, cigars, pound 0 5 0

Varnish, containing alcohol, gallon 0 12 0

Vinegar, gallon 0 0 3

Wine, containing less than 26° proof spirit, gallon 0 1 0

Wine, containing more than 26° and less than 42 spirit, gallon 0 2 6

Wine, for each additional degree of strength beyond 42°, gallon 0 0 3

PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS.

PRESIDENTS. VICE-PRESIDENTS.

Term Name. Qualified. Name. Qualified.

1 George Washington April 30, 1789 John Adams June 3, 1789

2 „ „ March 4, 1793 „ „ Dec. 2, 1793

3 John Adams March 4, 1797 Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1797

4 Thomas Jefferson March 4, 1801 Aaron Burr March 4, 1801

5 „ „ March 4, 1805 George Clinton March 4, 1805

6 James Madison March 4, 1809 „ „ March 4, 1809

7 „ „ March 4, 1813 Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813

John Gaillard Nov. 25, 1814

8 James Monroe March 4, 1817 Daniel D. March 4, 1817 Tompkins

9 „ „ March 5, 1821 „ „ March 5, 1821

10 John Q. Adams March 4, 1825 John C. Calhoun March 4, 1825

11 Andrew Jackson March 4, 1829 „ „ March 4, 1829

12 „ „ March 4, 1833 Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833

13 Martin Van Buren March 4, 1837 Richard M. March 4, 1837 Johnson

14 Wm. H. Harrison March 4, 1841 John Tyler March 4, 1841

14a John Tyler April 6, 1841 Samuel L. Apr. 6, 1841 Southard

Willie P. May 31, 1842 Mangum

15 James K. Polk March 4, 1845 George M. Dallas March 4, 1845

16 Zachary Taylor March 5, 1849 Millard Fillmore March 5, 1849

16a Millard Fillmore July 10, 1850 William R. July 11, 1850 King

17 Franklin Pierce March 4, 1853 William R. King March 4, 1853

David R. Apr. 18, 1853 Atchison

Jesse D. Dec. 5, 1854 Bright

18 James Buchanan March 4, 1857 John C. Mar. 4, 1857 Breckinridge

19 Abraham Lincoln March 4, 1861 Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861

20 „ „ March 4, 1865 Andrew Johnson March 4, 1865

20a Andrew Johnson April 15, 1865 Lafayette Apr. 15, 1865 S. Foster

Benjamin F. March 2, 1867 Wade

21 Ulysses S. Grant March 4, 1869 Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869

22 „ „ March 4, 1873 Henry Wilson March 4, 1873

Thomas W. Nov. 22, 1875 Ferry

23 Rutherford B. Mar. 5, 1877 William A. March 5, 1877 Hayes Wheeler

24 James A. Garfield March 4, 1881 Chester A. March 4, 1881 Arthur

24a Chester A. Arthur Oct. 20, 1881 Thomas F. Oct. 12, 1881 Bayard

David Davis Oct. 13, 1881

25 Grover Cleveland March 4, 1885 Thomas A. March 4, 1885 Hendricks

John Dec. 1885 Sherman

26 Benjamin Harrison March 4, 1889 Levi P. Morton March 4, 1889

SUMMARY OF POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS, 1789–1888.

─────┬───────┬─────┬──────────┬─────────────────┬───────┬───────┬────── Year.│Number │Total│ Party. │ Candidates. │States.│Popular│Elect. │ of │Elect│ │ │ │ Vote. │Vote. │States.│Vote.│ │ │ │ │ ─────┼───────┼─────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────┼───────┼────── 1789│ 10│ 73│ │George Washington│ │ │ 63 │ │ │ │John Adams │ │ │ 24 │ │ │ │John Jay │ │ │ 9 │ │ │ │R. R. Harrison │ │ │ 6 │ │ │ │John Rutledge │ │ │ 6 │ │ │ │John Hancock │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │George Clinton │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │Samuel Huntington│ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │John Milton │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │Benjamin Lincoln │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │James Armstrong │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Edward Telfair │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1792│ 15│ 135│Federalist│George Washington│ │ │ 132 │ │ │Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 77 │ │ │Republican│George Clinton │ │ │ 50 │ │ │Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 4 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1796│ 16│ 138│Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 71 │ │ │Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 68 │ │ │Federalist│Thomas Pinckney │ │ │ 59 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 30 │ │ │ │Samuel Adams │ │ │ 15 │ │ │ │Oliver Ellsworth │ │ │ 11 │ │ │ │George Clinton │ │ │ 7 │ │ │ │John Jay │ │ │ 5 │ │ │ │James Iredell │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │George Washington│ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │John Henry │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │S. Johnson │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │Charles C. │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1800│ 16│ 138│Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 73 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 73 │ │ │Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 65 │ │ │Federalist│Charles C. │ │ │ 64 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │Federalist│John Jay │ │ │ 1 ─────┴───────┴─────┴──────────┴─────────────────┴───────┴───────┴──────

─────┬───────┬─────┬──────────┬─────────────────┬───────┬───────┬────── Year.│Number │Total│ Party. │ Candidates. │States.│Popular│Elect. │ of │Elect│ │ │ │ Vote. │Vote. │States.│Vote.│ │ │ │ │ ─────┼───────┼─────┼──────────┼─────────────────┼───────┼───────┼────── 1789│ 10│ 73│ │George Washington│ │ │ 63 │ │ │ │John Adams │ │ │ 24 │ │ │ │John Jay │ │ │ 9 │ │ │ │R. R. Harrison │ │ │ 6 │ │ │ │John Rutledge │ │ │ 6 │ │ │ │John Hancock │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │George Clinton │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │Samuel Huntington│ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │John Milton │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │Benjamin Lincoln │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │James Armstrong │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Edward Telfair │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1792│ 15│ 135│Federalist│George Washington│ │ │ 132 │ │ │Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 77 │ │ │Republican│George Clinton │ │ │ 50 │ │ │Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 4 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1796│ 16│ 138│Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 71 │ │ │Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 68 │ │ │Federalist│Thomas Pinckney │ │ │ 59 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 30 │ │ │ │Samuel Adams │ │ │ 15 │ │ │ │Oliver Ellsworth │ │ │ 11 │ │ │ │George Clinton │ │ │ 7 │ │ │ │John Jay │ │ │ 5 │ │ │ │James Iredell │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │George Washington│ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │John Henry │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │S. Johnson │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │Charles C. │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1800│ 16│ 138│Republican│Thomas Jefferson │ │ │ 73 │ │ │Republican│Aaron Burr │ │ │ 73 │ │ │Federalist│John Adams │ │ │ 65 │ │ │Federalist│Charles C. │ │ │ 64 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │Federalist│John Jay │ │ │ 1 ─────┴───────┴─────┴──────────┴─────────────────┴───────┴───────┴──────

─────┬───────┬──────┬─────────────┬──────────────┬───────┬─────────┬────── Year.│Number │Total │ Party. │For President.│States.│ Popular │Elect. │ of │Elect.│ │ │ │ Vote. │Vote. │States.│Vote. │ │ │ │ │ ─────┼───────┼──────┼─────────────┼──────────────┼───────┼─────────┼────── 1804│ 21│ 176│Republican │Thomas │ 15│ │ 162 │ │ │ │ Jefferson │ │ │ │ │ │Federalist │Chas. C. │ 2│ │ 14 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1808│ 17│ 176│Republican │James Madison │ 12│ │ 122 │ │ │Republican │George Clinton│ │ │ 6 │ │ │Federalist │Chas. C. │ 5│ │ 47 │ │ │ │ Pinckney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancy │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1812│ 18│ 218│Republican │James Madison │ 11│ │ 128 │ │ │Federalist │De Witt │ 7│ │ 89 │ │ │ │ Clinton │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancy │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1816│ 19│ 221│Republican │James Monroe │ 16│ │ 183 │ │ │Federalist │Rufus King │ 3│ │ 34 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1820│ 24│ 235│Republican │James Monroe │ 24│ │ 231 │ │ │ │John Q. Adams │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1824│ 24│ 261│Republican │Andrew Jackson│ 10│ 155,872│ 99 │ │ │Republican │John Q. Adams │ 8│ 105,321│ 84 │ │ │Republican │Wm. H. │ 3│ 44,282│ 41 │ │ │ │ Crawford │ │ │ │ │ │Republican │Henry Clay │ 3│ 46,587│ 27 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancy │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1828│ 24│ 261│Democratic │Andrew Jackson│ 15│ 647,231│ 178 │ │ │Nat. │John Q. Adams │ 9│ 509,097│ 83 │ │ │Republican │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1832│ 24│ 288│Democratic │Andrew Jackson│ 15│ 687,502│ 219 │ │ │Nat. │Henry Clay │ 7│ 530,189│ 49 │ │ │Republican │ │ │ │ │ │ │Anti-Mason │William Wirt │ 1│ 33,108│ 7 │ │ │ │John Floyd │ 1│ │ 11 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1836│ 26│ 294│Democratic │Martin Van │ 15│ 761,549│ 170 │ │ │ │ Buren │ │ │ │ │ │Whig │Wm. H. │ 7│ 736,656│ 73 │ │ │ │ Harrison │ │ │ │ │ │ │Hugh L. White │ 2│ „ │ 26 │ │ │ │Daniel Webster│ 1│ „ │ 14 │ │ │ │W. P. Mangum │ 1│ „ │ 11 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840│ 26│ 294│Whig │Wm. H. │ 19│1,275,017│ 234 │ │ │ │ Harrison │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Martin Van │ 7│1,128,702│ 60 │ │ │ │ Buren │ │ │ │ │ │Liberty │James G. │ │ 7,059│ │ │ │ │ Birney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1844│ 26│ 275│Democratic │James K. Polk │ 15│1,337,243│ 170 │ │ │Whig │Henry Clay │ 11│1,299,068│ 105 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Liberty │James G. │ │ 62,300│ │ │ │ │ Birney │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1848│ 30│ 290│Whig │Zachary Taylor│ 15│1,360,101│ 163 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Lewis Cass │ 15│1,220,544│ 127 │ │ │Free Soil │Martin Van │ │ 291,263│ │ │ │ │ Buren │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1852│ 31│ 296│Democratic │Franklin │ 27│1,601,474│ 254 │ │ │ │ Pierce │ │ │ │ │ │Whig │Winfield Scott│ 4│1,386,578│ 42 │ │ │Free │John P. Hale │ │ 156,149│ │ │ │ Democracy │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1856│ 31│ 296│Democratic │James Buchanan│ 19│1,838,169│ 174 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Republican │John C. │ 11│1,341,264│ 114 │ │ │ │ Fremont │ │ │ │ │ │American │Millard │ 1│ 874,534│ 8 │ │ │ │ Fillmore │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1860│ 33│ 303│Republican │Abraham │ 17│1,866,352│ 180 │ │ │ │ Lincoln │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │J. C. │ 11│ 845,763│ 72 │ │ │ │ Breckinridge│ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │S. A. Douglas │ 2│1,375,157│ 12 │ │ │“Const. │John Bell │ 3│ 589,581│ 39 │ │ │ Union” │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1864│ 36│ 314│Republican │Abraham │ 22│2,216,067│ 212 │ │ │ │ Lincoln │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Geo. B. │ 3│1,808,725│ 21 │ │ │ │ McClellan │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies│ 11│ │ 81 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1868│ 37│ 317│Republican │Ulysses S. │ 26│3,015,071│ 214 │ │ │ │ Grant │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Horatio │ 8│2,709,613│ 80 │ │ │ │ Seymour │ │ │ │ │ │ │Vacancies│ 3│ │ 23 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1872│ 37│ 366│Republican │Ulysses S. │ 31│3,597,070│ 286 │ │ │ │ Grant │ │ │ │ │ │Dem. and Lib.│Horace Greeley│ 6│2,834,079│ │ │ │ Rep. │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Chas. O’Conor │ │ 29,408│ │ │ │Temperance │James Black │ │ 5,608│ │ │ │ │T. A. │ │ │ 42 │ │ │ │ Hendricks │ │ │ │ │ │ │B. Gratz Brown│ │ │ 18 │ │ │ │David Davis │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Not │ │ │ 17 │ │ │ │ counted│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1876│ 38│ 369│Republican │R. B. Hayes │ 21│4,033,950│ 185 │ │ │Democratic │S. J. Tilden │ 17│4,284,885│ 184 │ │ │“Greenback” │Peter Cooper │ │ 81,740│ │ │ │“Prohibition”│Green C. Smith│ │ 9,522│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1880│ 38│ 369│Republican │James A. │ 19│4,442,950│ 214 │ │ │ │ Garfield │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │W. S. Hancock │ 19│4,442,035│ 155 │ │ │“Greenback” │James B. │ │ 306,867│ │ │ │ │ Weaver │ │ │ │ │ │ │Scattering │ │ 12,576│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1884│ 38│ 401│Democratic │Grover │ 20│4,911,017│ 219 │ │ │ │ Cleveland │ │ │ │ │ │Republican │James G. │ 18│4,848,334│ 182 │ │ │ │ Blaine │ │ │ │ │ │Prohibition │John P. St. │ │ 151,809│ │ │ │ │ John │ │ │ │ │ │Greenback │Benj. F. │ │ 133,825│ │ │ │ │ Butler │ │ │ │ │ │ │Scattering │ │ 11,362│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1888│ 38│ 401│Republican │Benjamin │ 20│5,438,157│ 233 │ │ │ │ Harrison │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Grover │ 18│5,535,626│ 168 │ │ │ │ Cleveland │ │ │ │ │ │Prohibition │Clinton B. │ │ 250,157│ │ │ │ │ Fisk │ │ │ │ │ │Labor │R. H. Cowdrey │ │ 150,624│ ─────┴───────┴──────┴─────────────┴──────────────┴───────┴─────────┴──────

─────┬───────┬──────┬─────────────┬───────────────┬────── Year.│Number │Total │ Party. │ For │Elect. │ of │Elect.│ │Vice-President.│Vote. │States.│Vote. │ │ │ ─────┼───────┼──────┼─────────────┼───────────────┼────── 1804│ 21│ 176│Republican │George Clinton │ 162 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Federalist │Rufus King │ 14 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1808│ 17│ 176│Republican │George Clinton │ 113 │ │ │Republican │James Madison │ 3 │ │ │Federalist │Rufus King │ 47 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │John Langdon │ 9 │ │ │ │James Monroe │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 1812│ 18│ 218│Republican │Elbridge Gerry │ 131 │ │ │Federalist │Jared Ingersoll│ 86 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 1816│ 19│ 221│Republican │D. D. Tompkins │ 183 │ │ │Federalist │John E. Howard │ 22 │ │ │ │James Ross │ 5 │ │ │ │John Marshall │ 4 │ │ │ │Robt. G. Harper│ 3 │ │ │ │ │ 4 │ │ │ │ │ 1820│ 24│ 235│Republican │D. D. Tompkins │ 218 │ │ │ │Rich. Stockton │ 8 │ │ │ │Daniel Rodney │ 4 │ │ │ │Robt. G. Harper│ 1 │ │ │ │Richard Rush │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ 1824│ 24│ 261│Republican │John C. Calhoun│ 182 │ │ │Republican │Nathan Sanford │ 30 │ │ │Republican │Nathaniel Macon│ 24 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Republican │Andrew Jackson │ 13 │ │ │ │M. Van Buren │ 9 │ │ │ │Henry Clay │ 2 │ │ │ │ │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 1828│ 24│ 261│Democratic │John C. Calhoun│ 171 │ │ │Nat. │Richard Rush │ 83 │ │ │Republican │ │ │ │ │ │William Smith │ 7 │ │ │ │ │ 1832│ 24│ 288│Democratic │M. Van Buren │ 189 │ │ │Nat. │John Sergeant │ 49 │ │ │Republican │ │ │ │ │Anti-Mason │Amos Ellmaker │ 7 │ │ │ │Henry Lee │ 11 │ │ │ │William Wilkins│ 30 │ │ │ │ │ 2 │ │ │ │ │ 1836│ 26│ 294│Democratic │R. M. Johnson │ 147 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Whig │Francis Granger│ 77 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │John Tyler │ 47 │ │ │ │William Smith │ 23 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1840│ 26│ 294│Whig │John Tyler │ 234 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │R. M. Johnson │ 48 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Liberty │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │L. W. Tazewell │ 11 │ │ │ │James K. Polk │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 1844│ 26│ 275│Democratic │Geo. M. Dallas │ 170 │ │ │Whig │T. │ 105 │ │ │ │ Frelinghuysen│ │ │ │Liberty │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1848│ 30│ 290│Whig │Millard │ 163 │ │ │ │ Fillmore │ │ │ │Democratic │Wm. O. Butler │ 127 │ │ │Free Soil │Chas. F. Adams │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1852│ 31│ 296│Democratic │Wm. R. King │ 254 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Whig │Wm. A. Graham │ 42 │ │ │Free │Geo. W. Julian │ │ │ │ Democracy │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1856│ 31│ 296│Democratic │J. C. │ 174 │ │ │ │ Breckinridge │ │ │ │Republican │Wm. L. Dayton │ 114 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │American │A. J. Donelson │ 8 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1860│ 33│ 303│Republican │Hannibal Hamlin│ 180 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Joseph Lane │ 72 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │H. V. Johnson │ 12 │ │ │“Const. │Edward Everett │ 39 │ │ │ Union” │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1864│ 36│ 314│Republican │Andrew Johnson │ 212 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Geo. H. │ 21 │ │ │ │ Pendleton │ │ │ │ │ │ 81 │ │ │ │ │ 1868│ 37│ 317│Republican │Schuyler Colfax│ 214 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │F. P. Blair, Jr│ 80 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 23 │ │ │ │ │ 1872│ 37│ 366│Republican │Henry Wilson │ 286 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Dem. and Lib.│B. Gratz Brown │ 47 │ │ │ Rep. │ │ │ │ │Democratic │John Q. Adams │ │ │ │Temperance │A. H. Colquite │ 5 │ │ │ │Iohn M. Palmer │ 3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Geo. W. Julian │ 5 │ │ │ │W. S. Groesbeck│ 1 │ │ │ │Willis B. │ 1 │ │ │ │ Machen │ │ │ │ │N. P. Banks │ 1 │ │ │ │ │ 14 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1876│ 38│ 369│Republican │Wm. A. Wheeler │ 185 │ │ │Democratic │T. A. Hendricks│ 184 │ │ │“Greenback” │S. F. Cary │ │ │ │“Prohibition”│R. T. Stewart │ │ │ │ │ │ 1880│ 38│ 369│Republican │Chester A. │ 214 │ │ │ │ Arthur │ │ │ │Democratic │Wm. H. English │ 155 │ │ │“Greenback” │B. J. Chambers │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1884│ 38│ 401│Democratic │T. A. Hendricks│ 219 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Republican │John A. Logan │ 182 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Prohibition │William Daniel │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Greenback │A. M. West │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1888│ 38│ 401│Republican │Levi P. Morton │ 233 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Democratic │Allan G. │ 168 │ │ │ │ Thurman │ │ │ │Prohibition │John A. Brooks │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Labor │W. Wakefield │ ─────┴───────┴──────┴─────────────┴───────────────┴──────

CABINET OFFICERS OF THE ADMINISTRATIONS.

GEORGE WASHINGTON, President.

I. and II.; 1789–1797.

Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, Virginia, September 26th, 1789; Edmund Randolph, Virginia, January 2d, 1794; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, December 10th, 1795. Secretary of Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, New York, September 11th, 1789; Oliver Wolcott, Connecticut February 2d, 1795. Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Massachusetts, September 12th, 1789; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, January 2d, 1795; James McHenry, Maryland, January 27th, 1796. Attorney-General, Edmund Randolph, Virginia, September 26th, 1789; William Bradford, Pennsylvania, January 27th, 1794; Charles Lee, Virginia, December 10th, 1795. Postmaster-General, Samuel Osgood, Massachusetts, September 26th, 1789; Timothy Pickering, Pennsylvania, August 12th, 1791; Joseph Habersham, Georgia, February 25th, 1795.

JOHN ADAMS, President.

III.; 1797–1801.

Secretary of State, Timothy Pickering, continued; John Marshall, Virginia, May 13th, 1800. Secretary of Treasury, Oliver Wolcott, continued; Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, January 1st, 1801. Secretary of War, James McHenry, continued; Samuel Dexter, Massachusetts, May 13th, 1800; Roger Griswold, Connecticut, February 3d, 1801. Secretary of Navy, George Cabot, Massachusetts, May 3d, 1798; Benjamin Stoddert, Maryland, May 21st, 1798. Attorney-General, Charles Lee, continued; Theophilus Parsons, Massachusetts, February 20th, 1801. Postmaster-General, Joseph Habersham, continued.

THOMAS JEFFERSON, President.

IV. and V.; 1801–1809.

Secretary of State, James Madison, Virginia, March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel Dexter, continued; Albert Gallatin, Pennsylvania, May 14th, 1801. Secretary of War, Henry Dearborn, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1801. Secretary of Navy, Benjamin Stoddert, continued; Robert Smith, Maryland, July 15th, 1801; Jacob Crowninshield, Massachusetts, May, 3d, 1805. Attorney-General, Levi Lincoln, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1801; Robert Smith, Maryland, March 3d, 1805; John Breckinridge, Kentucky, August 7th, 1805; Cæsar A. Rodney, Pennsylvania, January 20th, 1807. Postmaster-General, Joseph Habersham, continued; Gideon Granger, Connecticut, November 28th, 1801.

JAMES MADISON, President.

VI. and VII.; 1809–1817.

Secretary of State, Robert Smith, Maryland, March 6th, 1809; James Monroe, Virginia, April 2d, 1811. Secretary of Treasury, Albert Gallatin, continued; George W. Campbell, Tennessee, February 9th, 1814; A. J. Dallas, Pennsylvania, October 6th, 1814; William H. Crawford, Georgia, October 22d, 1816. Secretary of War, William Eustis, Massachusetts, March 7th, 1809; John Armstrong, New York, January 13th, 1813; James Monroe, Virginia, September 27th, 1814; William H. Crawford, Georgia, August 1st, 1815. Secretary of Navy, Paul Hamilton, South Carolina, March 7th. 1809; William Jones, Pennsylvania, January 12th, 1813; B. W. Crowninshield, Massachusetts, December 19th, 1814. Attorney-General, C. A. Rodney, continued; William Pinckney, Maryland, December 11th, 1811; Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, February 10th, 1814. Postmaster-General, Gideon Granger, continued; Return J. Meigs, Ohio, March 17th, 1814.

JAMES MONROE, President.

VIII. and IX.; 1817–1825.

Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1817. Secretary of Treasury, William H. Crawford, continued. Secretary of War, George Graham, Virginia, April 7th, 1817; John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, October 8th, 1817. Secretary of Navy, B. W. Crowninshield, continued; Smith Thompson, New York, November 9th, 1818; John Rogers, Massachusetts, September 1st, 1823; Samuel L. Southard, New Jersey, September 16th, 1823. Attorney-General, Richard Rush, continued; William Wirt, Virginia, November 13th, 1817. Postmaster-General, R. J. Meigs, continued; John McLean, Ohio, June 26th, 1823.

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS, President.

X.; 1825–1829.

Secretary of State, Henry Clay, Kentucky, March 7th, 1825. Secretary of Treasury, Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, March 7th, 1825. Secretary of War, James Barbour, Virginia, March 7th, 1825; Peter B. Porter, New York, May 26th 1828. Secretary of Navy, S. L. Southard, continued. Attorney-General, William Wirt, continued. Postmaster-General, John McLean, continued.

ANDREW JACKSON, President.

XI. and XII.; 1829–1837.

Secretary of State, Martin Van Buren, New York, March 6th, 1829; Edward Livingston, Louisiana, May 24th, 1831; Louis McLane, Delaware, May 29th, 1833; John Forsyth, Georgia, June 27th, 1834. Secretary of Treasury, Samuel D. Ingham, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1829; Louis McLane, Delaware, August 8th, 1831; William J. Duane, Pennsylvania, May 29th, 1833; Roger B. Taney, Maryland, September 23d, 1833; Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, June 27th, 1834. Secretary of War, John H. Eaton, Tennessee, March 9th, 1829; Lewis Cass, Michigan, August 1st, 1831; Benjamin F. Butler, New York, March 3d, 1837. Secretary of Navy, John Branch, North Carolina, March 9th, 1829; Levi Woodbury, New Hampshire, May 23d, 1831; Mahlon Dickerson, New Jersey, June 30th, 1834. Attorney-General, John M. Berrien, Georgia, March 9th, 1829; Roger B. Taney, Maryland, July 20th, 1831; Benjamin F. Butler, New York, November 15th, 1833. Postmaster-General, William T. Barry, Kentucky, March 9th, 1829; Amos Kendall, Kentucky, May 1st, 1835.

MARTIN VAN BUREN, President.

XIII.; 1837–1841.

Secretary of State, John Forsyth, continued. Secretary of Treasury, Levi Woodbury, continued. Secretary of War, Joel R. Poinsett, South Carolina, March 7th, 1837. Secretary of Navy, Mahlon Dickerson, continued; James K. Paulding, New York, June 25th, 1838. Attorney-General, Benjamin F. Butler; Felix Grundy, Tennessee, July 5th, 1838; Henry D. Gilpin, Pennsylvania, January 11th, 1810. Postmaster-General, Amos Kendall, continued; John M. Niles, Connecticut, May 19th, 1840.

WM. H. HARRISON AND JOHN TYLER, Presidents.

XIV.; 1841–1845.

Secretary of State, Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1841; Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, May 9th, 1843; A. P. Upshur, Virginia, July 24th, 1843; John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, March 6th, 1844. Secretary of Treasury, Thomas Ewing, Ohio, March 5th, 1841; Walter Forward, Pennsylvania, September 13th, 1841; John C. Spencer, New York, March 3d, 1843; George M. Bibb, Kentucky, June 15th, 1844. Secretary of War, John Bell, Tennessee, March 5th, 1841; John McLean, Ohio, September 13th, 1841; John C. Spencer, New York, October 12th, 1841; James M. Porter, Pennsylvania, March 8th, 1843; William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, February 15th, 1844. Secretary of Navy, G. E. Badger, North Carolina, March 5th, 1841; A. P. Upshur, Virginia, September 13th, 1841; David Henshaw, Massachusetts, July 24th, 1843; T. W. Gilmer, Virginia, February 15th, 1844; John Y. Mason, Virginia, March 14th, 1844. Attorney-General, John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, March 5th, 1841; Hugh S. Legare, South Carolina, September 13th, 1841; John Nelson, Maryland, July 1st, 1843. Postmaster-General, Francis Granger, Now York, March 6th, 1841; Charles A. Wickliffe, Kentucky, September 13th, 1841.

JAMES K. POLK, PRESIDENT.

XV.; 1845–1849.

Secretary of State, James Buchanan, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of Treasury, Robert J. Walker, Mississippi, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of War, William L. Marcy, New York, March 6th, 1845. Secretary of Navy, George Bancroft, Massachusetts, March 10th, 1845; John Y. Mason, September 9th, 1846. Attorney-General, John Y. Mason, Virginia, March 5th, 1845; Nathan Clifford, Maine, October 17th, 1846. Postmaster-General, Cave Johnson, Tennessee, March 6th, 1845.

ZACHARY TAYLOR AND MILLARD FILLMORE, Presidents.

XVI.; 1849–1853.

Secretary of State, John M. Clayton, Delaware, March 7th, 1840; Daniel Webster, Massachusetts, July 22d, 1850; Edward Everett, Massachusetts, December 6th, 1852. Secretary of Treasury, W. M. Meredith, Pennsylvania, March 8th, 1849; Thomas Corwin, Ohio, July 23d, 1850. Secretary of War, George W. Crawford, Georgia, March 8th, 1849; Winfield Scott (ad interim), July 23d, 1850; Charles M. Conrad, Louisiana, August 15th, 1850. Secretary of Navy, William B. Preston, Virginia, March 8th, 1849; William A. Graham, North Carolina, July 22d, 1850; J. P. Kennedy, Maryland, July 22d, 1852. Secretary of Interior, Thomas H. Ewing, Ohio, March 8th, 1849; A. H. H. Stuart, Virginia, September 12th, 1850. Attorney-General, Reverdy Johnson, Maryland, March 8th, 1849; John J. Crittenden, Kentucky, July 22d, 1850. Postmaster-General, Jacob Collamer, Vermont, March 8th, 1849; Nathan K. Hall, New York, July 23d, 1850; S. D. Hubbard, Connecticut, August 31st, 1852.

FRANKLIN PIERCE, President.

XVII.; 1853–1857.

Secretary of State, William L. Marcy, New York, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Treasury, James Guthrie, Kentucky, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of War, Jefferson Davis, Mississippi, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Navy, James C. Dobbin, North Carolina, March 7th, 1853. Secretary of Interior, Robert McClelland, Michigan, March 7th, 1853; Jacob Thompson, Mississippi, March 6th, 1856. Attorney-General, Caleb Cushing, Massachusetts, March 7th, 1853. Postmaster-General, James Campbell, Pennsylvania, March 7th, 1853.

JAMES BUCHANAN, President.

XVIII.; 1857–1861.

Secretary of State, Lewis Cass, Michigan, March 6th, 1857; J. S. Black, Pennsylvania, December 17th, 1860. Secretary of Treasury, Howell Cobb, Georgia, March 6th, 1857; Philip F. Thomas, Maryland, December 12th, 1860; John A. Dix, New York, January 11th, 1861. Secretary of War, John B. Floyd, Virginia, March 6th, 1857; Joseph Holt, Kentucky, January 18th, 1861. Secretary of Navy, Isaac Toucey, Connecticut, March 6th, 1857. Secretary of Interior, Jacob Thompson, continued. Attorney-General, J. S. Black, Pennsylvania, March 6th, 1857; E. M. Stanton, Pennsylvania, December 20th, 1860. Postmaster-General, Aaron V. Brown, Tennessee, March 6th, 1857; Joseph Holt, Kentucky, March 14th, 1859; Horatio King, Maine, February 12th, 1861.

ABRAHAM LINCOLN AND ANDREW JOHNSON, Presidents.

XIX. and XX.: 1861–1869.

Secretary of State, William H. Seward, New York, March 5th, 1861. Secretary of Treasury, S. P. Chase, Ohio, March 5th, 1861; W. P. Fessenden, Maine, July 1st, 1864; Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, March 7th, 1865. Secretary of War, Simon Cameron, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1861; Edwin M. Stanton, Pennsylvania, January 15th, 1862; U. S. Grant (ad interim), August 12th, 1867; Edwin M. Stanton (reinstated), January 14th, 1868; J. M. Schofield, Illinois, May 28th, 1868. Secretary of Navy, Gideon Welles, Connecticut, March 5th, 1861. Secretary of Interior, Caleb P. Smith, March 5th, 1861; John P. Usher, Indiana, January 8th, 1863; James Harlan, Iowa, May 15th, 1865; O. H. Browning, Illinois, July 27th, 1866. Attorney-General, Edward Bates, Missouri, March 5th, 1861; Titian J. Coffee, June 22d, 1863; James Speed, Kentucky, December 2d, 1864; Henry Stanbery, Ohio, July 23d, 1866; William M. Evarts, New York, July 15th, 1868. Postmaster-General, Montgomery Blair, Maryland, March 5th, 1861; William Dennison, Ohio, September 24th, 1864; Alexander W. Randall, Wisconsin, July 25th, 1866.

ULYSSES S. GRANT, President.

XXI. and XXII.; 1869–1877.

Secretary of State, E. B. Washburne, Illinois, March 5th, 1869; Hamilton Fish, New York, March 11th, 1869. Secretary of Treasury, George S. Boutwell, Massachusetts, March 11th, 1869; William A. Richardson, Massachusetts, March 17th, 1873; Benjamin H. Bristow, Kentucky, June 2d, 1874; Lot M. Morrill, Maine, June 21st, 1876. Secretary of War, John A. Rawlins, Illinois, March 11th, 1869; William T. Sherman, Ohio, September 9th, 1869; William W. Belknap, Iowa, October 25th, 1869; Alphonso Taft, Ohio, March 8th, 1876; J. D. Cameron, Pennsylvania, May 22d, 1876. Secretary of Navy, Adolph E. Borie, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1869; George M. Robeson, New Jersey, June 25th, 1869. Secretary of Interior, Jacob D. Cox, Ohio, March 5th, 1869; Columbus Delano, Ohio, November 1st, 1870; Zachariah Chandler, Michigan, October 19th, 1875. Attorney-General, E. R. Hoar, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1869; Amos T. Akerman, Georgia, June 23d, 1870; George H. Williams, Oregon, December 14th, 1871; Edwards Pierrepont, New York, April 26th, 1875; Alphonso Taft, Ohio, May 22d, 1876. Postmaster-General, J. A. J. Creswell, Maryland, March 5th, 1869; Marshall Jewell, Connecticut, August 24th, 1874; James M. Tyner, Indiana, July 12th, 1876.

RUTHERFORD B. HAYES, President.

XXIII.; 1877–1881.

Secretary of State, William M. Evarts, New York, March 12th, 1877. Secretary of Treasury, John Sherman, Ohio, March 8th, 1877. Secretary of War, George W. McCrary, Iowa, March 12th, 1877; Alexander Ramsey, Minnesota, December 12th, 1879. Secretary of Navy, Richard W. Thompson, Indiana, March 12th, 1877; Nathan Goff, Jr., West Virginia, January 6th, 1881. Secretary of Interior, Carl Schurz, Missouri, March 12th, 1877. Attorney-General, Charles Devens, Massachusetts, March 12th, 1877. Postmaster-General, David M. Key, Tennessee, March 12th, 1877; Horace Maynard, Tennessee, August 25th, 1880.

JAMES A. GARFIELD AND CHESTER A. ARTHUR.

Presidents.

XXIV.; 1881–1885.

Secretary of State, James G. Blaine, Maine, March 5th, 1881; Frederick T. Frelinghuysen, New Jersey, December 12th, 1881. Secretary of Treasury, William H. Windom, Minnesota, March 5th, 1881; Charles J. Folger, New York, October 27th, 1881; Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, September 24th, 1884; Hugh McCulloch, Indiana, October 28th, 1884. Secretary of War, Robert T. Lincoln, Illinois, March 5th, 1881. Secretary of Navy, W. H. Hunt, Louisiana, March 5th, 1881; William E. Chandler, New Hampshire, April 1st, 1882. Secretary of Interior, S. J. Kirkwood, Iowa, March 5th, 1881; Henry M. Teller, Colorado, Attorney-General, Wayne McVeagh, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1881; Benjamin H. Brewster, Pennsylvania, December 16th, 1881. Postmaster-General, Thomas L. James, New York, March 5th, 1881; Timothy O. Howe, Wisconsin, December 20th, 1881; Walter Q. Gresham, Indiana, April 3d, 1883; Frank Hatton, Wisconsin, October 14th, 1884.

GROVER CLEVELAND, President.

XXV.; 1885–1889.

Secretary of State, James A. Bayard, Delaware, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Treasury, Daniel J. Manning, New York, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of War, W. C. Endicott, Massachusetts, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Navy, William C. Whitney, New York, March 5th, 1885. Postmaster-General, William H. Vilas, Wisconsin, March 5th, 1885. Secretary of Interior, Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Mississippi, March 5th, 1885. Attorney-General, Augustus H. Garland, Arkansas, March 5th, 1885.

BENJAMIN HARRISON, President.

XXVI.; 1889–1893.

Secretary of State, James G. Blaine, Maine, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Treasury, William Windom, Minnesota, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of War, Redfield Proctor, Vermont, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Navy, Benjamin Tracy, New York, March 5th, 1889. Postmaster-General, John Wanamaker, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Interior, John W. Noble, Missouri, March 5th, 1889. Attorney-General, W. H. H. Miller, Indiana, March 5th, 1889. Secretary of Agriculture, Jeremiah Rusk, Wisconsin, March 5th, 1889.

SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. IN CONGRESS ASSEMBLED JULY 4th, 1776.

The following list of members of the Continental Congress, who signed the Declaration of Independence (although the names are included in the general list of that Congress, from 1774 to 1778), is given separately for the purpose of showing the places and dates of their birth, and the times of their respective deaths, for convenient reference:

─────────────────┬─────────────────┬─────────────────┬───────────────── │ │ │ NAMES OF THE │ BORN AT │ DELEGATED FROM │ DIED. SIGNERS. │ │ │ ─────────────────┼─────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────── Adams, John │Braintree, Mass.,│Massachusetts │4 July, 1826. │ 19 Oct. 1735 │ │ Adams, Samuel │Boston, Mass., 27│Massachusetts │2 Oct. 1803. │ Sept. 1722 │ │ Bartlett, Josiah │Amesbury, Mass., │New Hampshire │19 May 1795. │ in Nov. 1729 │ │ Braxton, Carter. │Newington, Va., │Virginia │10 Oct. 1797. │ 10 Sept. 1736 │ │ Carroll, Chas of │Annapolis, Md., │Maryland │14 Nov. 1832. Carrollton │ 20 Sept. 1737 │ │ Chase, Samuel │Somerset Co., │Maryland │19 June, 1811. │ Md., 17 Apr. │ │ │ 1741 │ │ Clark, Abraham │Elizabethtown, N.│New Jersey │— Sept. 1794. │ J., 15 Feb. │ │ │ 1726 │ │ Clymer, George │Philadelphia, │Pennsylvania │23 Jan. 1813. │ Pa., in 1739 │ │ Ellery, William │Newport, R. I., │R. I. & Prov. Pl.│15 Feb., 1820. │ 22 Dec. 1727 │ │ Floyd, William │Suffolk Co., N. │New York │4 Aug., 1821. │ Y., 17 Dec. │ │ │ 1734 │ │ Franklin, │Boston, Mass., 17│Pennsylvania │17 Apr. 1790. Benjamin │ Jan. 1706 │ │ Gerry, Elbridge │Marblehead, │Massachusetts │23 Nov. 1814. │ Mass., 1 July │ │ │ 1744 │ │ Gwinnet, Button │England, in 1732 │Georgia │27 May, 1777. Hall, Lyman │Connecticut, in │Georgia │— Feb. 1790. │ 1731 │ │ Hancock, John │Braintree, Mass.,│Massachusetts │8 Oct. 1793. │ in 1737 │ │ Harrison, │Berkley, Va., —— │Virginia │— Apr. 1791. Benjamin │ —— │ │ Hart, John │Hopewell, N. J., │New Jersey │1880. │ in 1715 │ │ Heyward, Thomas, │St. Luke’s, S. │S. Carolina │— Mar. 1809. Jr. │ C., in 1746 │ │ Hewes, Joseph │Kingston, N. J., │N. Carolina │10 Oct. 1779. │ in 1730 │ │ Hooper, William │Boston, Mass., 17│N. Carolina │— Oct. 1790. │ June, 1742 │ │ Hopkins, Stephen │Scituate, Mass., │R. I. & Prov. Pl.│13 July, 1785. │ 7 Mar., 1707 │ │ Huntington, │Windham, Conn., 3│Connecticut │5 Jan. 1796. Samuel │ July 1732 │ │ Hopkinson, │Philadelphia, │New Jersey │9 May, 1790. Francis │ Pa., in 1737 │ │ Jefferson, Thomas│Shadwell, Va., 13│Virginia │4 July, 1826. │ Apr. 1734 │ │ Lee, Richard │Stratford, Va., │Virginia │19 June, 1794. Henry │ 20 Jan. 1732 │ │ Lee, Francis │Stratford, Va., │Virginia │— Apr. 1797. Lightfoot │ 14 Oct. 1734 │ │ Lewis, Francis F │Landaff, Wales, │New York │30 Dec. 1803. │ in Mar. 1713 │ │ Livingston, │Albany, N. Y., 15│New York │12 June, 1778. Philip │ Jan. 1716 │ │ Lynch, Thomas, Jr│St. George’s, S. │S. Carolina │Lost at sea, │ C., 5 Aug. 1749│ │ 1779. McKean, Thomas │Chester Co., Pa.,│Delaware │24 June, 1817. │ 19 Mar. 1734 │ │ Middleton, Arthur│Middleton Place, │S. Carolina │1 Jan. 1787. │ S. C., in 1743 │ │ Morris, Lewis │Morrissianna, N. │New York │22 Jan. 1798. │ Y., in 1726 │ │ Morris, Robert │Lancashire, Eng.,│Pennsylvania │8 May, 1806. │ Jan. 1733–4 │ │ Morton, John │Ridley, Pa., in │Pennsylvania │— Apr. 1777. │ 1724 │ │ Nelson, Thomas, │York, Va., 26 │Virginia │4 Jan. 1789. Jr │ Dec. 1738 │ │ Paca, Wm. │Wye-Hill, Md., 31│Maryland │— ——, 1799. │ Oct. 1740 │ │ Paine, Robert │Boston, Mass., in│Massachusetts │11 May, 1804. Treat │ 1731 │ │ Penn, John │Caroline Co., │N. Carolina │26 Oct. 1809. │ Va., 17 May │ │ │ 1741 │ │ Read, George │Cecil Co., Md., │Delaware │— ——, 1798. │ in 1734 │ │ Rodney, Cæsar │Dover, Del., in │Delaware │— ——, 1783. │ 1730 │ │ Ross, George │New Castle, Del.,│Pennsylvania │— July, 1779. │ in 1730 │ │ Rush, Benjamin, │Byberry, Pa., 24 │Pennsylvania │19 Apr. 1813. M. D. │ Dec. 1745 │ │ Rutledge, Edward │Charleston, S. │S. Carolina │23 Jan. 1800. │ C., in Nov. │ │ │ 1749 │ │ Sherman, Roger │Newton, Mass., 19│Connecticut │23 July, 1793. │ Apr. 1721 │ │ Smith, James │——, Ireland, —— │Pennsylvania │11 July, 1806. │ —— │ │ Stockton, Richard│Princeton, N. J.,│New Jersey │28 Feb. 1781. │ 1 Oct. 1730 │ │ Stone, Thomas │Charles Co., Md.,│Maryland │5 Oct. 1787. │ in 1742 │ │ Taylor, George │——, Ireland, in │Pennsylvania │23 Feb. 1781. │ 1716 │ │ Thornton, Matthew│——, Ireland, in │New Hampshire │24 June, 1803. │ 1714 │ │ Walton, George │Frederick Co., │Georgia │2 Feb. 1804. │ Va., in 1740 │ │ Whipple, Wm. │Kittery, Maine, │New Hampshire │28 Nov. 1785. │ in 1730 │ │ Williams, Wm │Lebanon, Conn., 8│Connecticut │2 Aug. 1811. │ Apr. 1731 │ │ Wilson, James │Scotland, about │Pennsylvania │28 Aug. 1798. │ 1742 │ │ Witherspoon, John│Yester, Scotland,│New Jersey │15 Nov. 1794. │ 5 Feb. 1722 │ │ Wolcott, Oliver │Windsor, Conn., │Connecticut │1 Dec. 1797. │ 26 Nov. 1726 │ │ Wythe, George │Elizabeth City │Virginia │8 June, 1806. │ Co., Va., in │ │ │ 1726 │ │ ─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────┴─────────────────

ANTE-WAR DEBTS OF THE SEVERAL STATES.

Table showing the Debts of the several States before the war (1860–61).

──────────────┬────────── STATES. │ In │ 1860–61. ──────────────┼────────── Maine │ $699,500 New Hampshire │ 31,669 Vermont │ none. Massachusetts │ 7,132,627 Rhode Island │ none. Connecticut │ none. New York │34,182,976 New Jersey │ 104,000 Pennsylvania │37,964,602 Delaware │ none. Maryland │ Ohio │14,250,173 Indiana │ 7,770,233 Michigan │ 2,388,843 Illinois │10,277,161 Wisconsin │ 100,000 Minnesota │ 250,000 Iowa │ 200,000 Missouri │24,734,000 Kansas │ 150,000 Kentucky │ 4,729,234 California │ Oregon │ 55,372 Virginia │33,248,141 North Carolina│ 9,129,505 South Carolina│ 3,691,574 Georgia │ 2,670,750 Florida │ 383,000 Alabama │ 5,048,000 Mississippi │ none. Louisiana │10,023,903 Texas │ Arkansas │ 3,092,622 Tennessee │16,643,666 ──────────────┴──────────

CANDIDATES FOR PRESIDENT AND VICE PRESIDENT,

Since the adoption of the Federal Constitution, March 1st, 1789.

The following is a list of the Presidents and Vice-Presidents of the United States, as well as those who were candidates for each office, since the organization of the Government: (vide pp. 21–25, 62.)

1789—George Washington and John Adams, two terms, no opposition.

1797—John Adams, opposed by Thomas Jefferson who, having the next highest electoral vote, became Vice-President.

1801—Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr; beating John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney.

1805—Thomas Jefferson and George Clinton; beating Charles C. Pinckney and Rufus King.

1809—James Madison and George Clinton; beating Charles C. Pinckney.

1813—James Madison and Eldridge Gerry; beating De Witt Clinton.

1817—James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins; beating Rufus King.

1821—James Monroe and Daniel D. Tompkins; beating John Quincy Adams.

1825—John Quincy Adams and John C. Calhoun; beating Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William H. Crawford; there being four candidates for President, and Albert Gallatin for Vice-President.

1829—Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun; beating John Quincy Adams and Richard Rush.

1833—Andrew Jackson and Martin Van Buren; beating Henry Clay, John Floyd, and William Wirt for President; and William Wilkins, John Sergeant, and Henry Lee for Vice-President.

1837—Martin Van Buren and Richard M. Johnson; beating William H. Harrison, Hugh L. White, and Daniel Webster for President, and John Tyler for Vice-President.

1841—William H. Harrison and John Tyler; beating Martin Van Buren and Littleton W. Tazewell. Harrison died one month after his inauguration, and John Tyler became President for the rest of the term.

1845—James K. Polk and George M. Dallas; beating Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen.

1849—Zachary Taylor and Millard Fillmore; beating Lewis Cass and Martin Van Buren for President, and William O. Butler and C. F. Adams, for Vice-President.

1853—Franklin Pierce and William R. King; beating Winfield Scott and William A. Graham.

1857—James Buchanan and John C. Breckinridge; beating John C. Fremont and Millard Fillmore for President, and William L. Dayton and A. J. Donaldson for Vice-President.

1861—Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin; beating John Bell, Stephen A. Douglas, and J. C. Breckinridge for President.

1865—Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson, Union candidates; beating G. B. McClellan and G. H. Pendleton.

1869—Ulysses S. Grant and Schuyler Colfax; beating Horatio Seymour and Frank P. Blair, jr.

1873—Ulysses S. Grant and Henry Wilson; beating Horace Greeley and B. Gratz Brown, for President and Vice-President.

1877—Rutherford B. Hayes and Wm. A. Wheeler; beating Samuel Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks.

1881—James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; beating General W. S. Hancock and W. H. English. Arthur succeeded Garfield, after his death from assassination, Sept. 19, 1881, and David Davis is now Acting Vice-President.

1885—Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks, who defeated James G. Blaine and John A. Logan.

1889—Benjamin Harrison and Levi P. Morton, who defeated Grover Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman.

NUMBER OF ELECTORAL VOTES TO WHICH EACH STATE HAS BEEN ENTITLED, AT EACH ELECTION, 1789–1880.

──────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── States. │1789│1792│1796│1800│1804│1808│1812│1816│1820│1824│1828│1832 ──────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Alabama │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 5│ 5│ 7 Arkansas │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ California │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Colorado │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Connecticut │ 7│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 8│ 8│ 8 Delaware │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 3│ 3│ 3 Florida │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Georgia │ 5│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 6│ 6│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 9│ 9│ 11 Illinois │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 5 Indiana │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 5│ 5│ 9 Iowa │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Kansas │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Kentucky │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 8│ 8│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 14│ 14│ 15 Louisiana │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 5│ 5│ 5 Maine │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 9│ 9│ 9│ 10 Maryland │ 8│ 10│ 10│ 10│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 10 Massachusetts │ 10│ 16│ 16│ 16│ 19│ 19│ 22│ 22│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 14 Michigan │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Minnesota │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Mississippi │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 4 Missouri │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 4 Nebraska │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Nevada │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ New Hampshire │ 5│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 7│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 7 New Jersey │ 6│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8 New York │ 8│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 19│ 19│ 29│ 29│ 29│ 36│ 36│ 42 North Carolina│ 7│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 14│ 14│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 15 Ohio │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 16│ 16│ 21 Oregon │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Pennsylvania │ 10│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 20│ 20│ 25│ 25│ 25│ 28│ 28│ 30 Rhode Island │ 3│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4 South Carolina│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 10│ 10│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 11 Tennessee │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 5│ 5│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 11│ 11│ 15 Texas │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Vermont │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 6│ 6│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 7│ 7│ 7 Virginia │ 12│ 21│ 21│ 21│ 24│ 24│ 25│ 25│ 25│ 24│ 24│ 23 West Virginia │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Wisconsin │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ──────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Total │ 91│ 135│ 138│ 138│ 176│ 176│ 218│ 221│ 235│ 261│ 261│ 288 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Number of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ 13│ 15│ 16│ 16│ 17│ 17│ 18│ 19│ 24│ 24│ 24│ 24 ──────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────

──────────────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬────┬──── States. │1836│1840│1844│1848│1852│1856│1860│1864│1868│1872│1876│1880 ──────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Alabama │ 7│ 7│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 8│ 8│ 10│ 10│ 12 Arkansas │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 5│ 5│ 6│ 6│ 7 California │ │ │ │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 5│ 5│ 6│ 6│ 8 Colorado │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3 Connecticut │ 8│ 8│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6 Delaware │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3 Florida │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 4│ 4│ 4 Georgia │ 11│ 11│ 10│ 10│ 10│ 10│ 10│ 9│ 9│ 11│ 11│ 12 Illinois │ 5│ 5│ 9│ 9│ 11│ 11│ 11│ 16│ 16│ 21│ 21│ 22 Indiana │ 9│ 9│ 12│ 12│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 15│ 15│ 15 Iowa │ │ │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 8│ 8│ 11│ 11│ 13 Kansas │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 5│ 5│ 9 Kentucky │ 15│ 15│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 11│ 11│ 12│ 12│ 13 Louisiana │ 5│ 5│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 7│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 8 Maine │ 10│ 10│ 9│ 9│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 6 Maryland │ 10│ 10│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 7│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 8 Massachusetts │ 14│ 14│ 12│ 12│ 13│ 13│ 13│ 12│ 12│ 13│ 13│ 14 Michigan │ 3│ 3│ 5│ 5│ 6│ 6│ 6│ 8│ 8│ 11│ 11│ 13 Minnesota │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 5│ 5│ 7 Mississippi │ 4│ 4│ 6│ 6│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 8│ 8│ 9 Missouri │ 4│ 4│ 7│ 7│ 9│ 9│ 9│ 11│ 11│ 15│ 15│ 16 Nebraska │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 5 Nevada │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3 New Hampshire │ 7│ 7│ 6│ 6│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 4 New Jersey │ 8│ 8│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 7│ 9│ 9│ 9 New York │ 42│ 42│ 36│ 36│ 35│ 35│ 35│ 33│ 33│ 35│ 35│ 36 North Carolina│ 15│ 15│ 11│ 11│ 10│ 10│ 10│ 9│ 9│ 10│ 10│ 11 Ohio │ 21│ 21│ 23│ 23│ 23│ 23│ 23│ 21│ 21│ 22│ 22│ 23 Oregon │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3│ 3 Pennsylvania │ 30│ 30│ 26│ 26│ 27│ 27│ 27│ 26│ 26│ 29│ 29│ 30 Rhode Island │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4 South Carolina│ 11│ 11│ 9│ 9│ 8│ 8│ 8│ 6│ 6│ 7│ 7│ 9 Tennessee │ 15│ 15│ 13│ 13│ 12│ 12│ 12│ 10│ 10│ 12│ 12│ 12 Texas │ │ │ │ 4│ 4│ 4│ 4│ 6│ 6│ 8│ 8│ 13 Vermont │ 7│ 7│ 6│ 6│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 4 Virginia │ 23│ 23│ 17│ 17│ 15│ 15│ 15│ 10│ 10│ 11│ 11│ 12 West Virginia │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 6 Wisconsin │ │ │ │ 4│ 5│ 5│ 5│ 8│ 8│ 10│ 10│ 11 ──────────────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼────┼──── Total │ 294│ 294│ 275│ 290│ 296│ 296│ 303│ 314│ 317│ 366│ 369│ 401 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Number of │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ States │ 26│ 26│ 26│ 30│ 31│ 31│ 33│ 36│ 37│ 37│ 38│ 38 ──────────────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────┴────

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

─┬────────────────┬───────────────┬──────────────┬─────────┬────────┬─────┬───── │Chief Justices. │ Associate │ State Whence │ Term of │Years of│Born.│Died. │ │ Justices. │ Appointed. │Service. │Service.│ │ ─┼────────────────┼───────────────┼──────────────┼─────────┼────────┼─────┼───── 1│John Jay │ │New York │1789–1795│ 6│ 1745│ 1829 │ │John │South Carolina│1789–1791│ 2│ 1739│ 1800 │ │ Rutledge│ │ │ │ │ │ │William Cushing│Massachusetts │1789–1810│ 21│ 1733│ 1810 │ │James Wilson │Pennsylvania │1789–1798│ 9│ 1742│ 1798 │ │John Blair│Virginia │1789–1796│ 7│ 1732│ 1800 │ │Robert H. │Maryland │1789–1790│ 1│ 1745│ 1790 │ │ Harrison│ │ │ │ │ │ │James Iredell │North Carolina│1790–1799│ 9│ 1751│ 1799 │ │Thomas │Maryland │1791–1793│ 2│ 1732│ 1819 │ │ Johnson │ │ │ │ │ │ │William │New Jersey │1793–1806│ 13│ 1745│ 1806 │ │ Patterson │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 2│John │ │South Carolina│1795–1795│ │ 1739│ 1800 │ Rutledge │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Samuel Chase │Maryland │1796–1811│ 15│ 1741│ 1811 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 3│Oliver │ │Connecticut │1796–1801│ 5│ 1745│ 1807 │ Ellsworth│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Bushr’d │Virginia │1798–1829│ 31│ 1762│ 1829 │ │ Washington │ │ │ │ │ │ │Alfred │North Carolina│1799–1804│ 5│ 1755│ 1810 │ │ Moore │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 4│John Marshall │ │Virginia │1801–1835│ 34│ 1755│ 1835 │ │William Johnson│South Carolina│1804–1834│ 30│ 1771│ 1834 │ │Brockh’t │New York │1806–1823│ 17│ 1757│ 1823 │ │ Livingston │ │ │ │ │ │ │Thomas Todd │Kentucky │1807–1826│ 19│ 1765│ 1826 │ │Joseph Story │Massachusetts │1811–1845│ 34│ 1779│ 1845 │ │Gabriel │Maryland │1811–1836│ 25│ 1752│ 1844 │ │ Duval │ │ │ │ │ │ │Smith Thompson │New York │1823–1845│ 22│ 1767│ 1845 │ │Robert Trimble │Kentucky │1826–1828│ 2│ 1777│ 1828 │ │John McLean │Ohio │1829–1861│ 32│ 1785│ 1861 │ │Henry Baldwin │Pennsylvania │1830–1846│ 16│ 1779│ 1846 │ │James M. │Georgia │1835–1867│ 32│ 1790│ 1867 │ │ Wayne │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 5│Roger B. Taney │ │Maryland │1836–1864│ 28│ 1777│ 1864 │ │Philip P. │Virginia │1836–1841│ 5│ 1783│ 1841 │ │ Barbour │ │ │ │ │ │ │John Catron │Tennessee │1837–1865│ 28│ 1778│ 1865 │ │John McKinley │Alabama │1837–1852│ 15│ 1780│ 1852 │ │Peter V. Daniel│Virginia │1841–1860│ 19│ 1785│ 1860 │ │Samuel │New York │1845–1872│ 27│ 1792│ 1873 │ │ Nelson │ │ │ │ │ │ │Levi Woodbury │New Hampshire │1845–1851│ 6│ 1789│ 1851 │ │Robert C. │Pennsylvania │1846–1869│ 23│ 1794│ 1870 │ │ Grier │ │ │ │ │ │ │Benjamin R. │Massachusetts │1851–1857│ 6│ 1809│ 1874 │ │ Curtis │ │ │ │ │ │ │John A. │Alabama │1853–1861│ 8│ 1811│ │ │ Campbell│ │ │ │ │ │ │Nathan Clifford│Maine │1858– │ │ 1803│ 1881 │ │Noah H. │Ohio │1861– │ │ 1805│ 1881 │ │ Swayne │ │ │ │ │ │ │Samuel F. │Iowa │1862– │ │ 1816│ │ │ Miller │ │ │ │ │ │ │David │Illinois │1862–1877│ 15│ 1815│ │ │ Davis │ │ │ │ │ │ │Stephen J. │California │1866– │ │ 1816│ │ │ Field │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 6│Salmon P. Chase │ │Ohio │1864–1873│ 9│ 1808│ 1873 │ │William │Pennsylvania │1870–1880│ 10│ 1808│ │ │ Strong │ │ │ │ │ │ │Joseph P. │New Jersey │1870– │ │ 1813│ │ │ Bradley │ │ │ │ │ │ │Ward Hunt │New York │1872– │ │ 1811│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 7│Morrison R. │ │Ohio │1874–1887│ 13│ 1816│ 1887 │ Waite │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │John M. Harlan │Kentucky │1877– │ │ 1833│ │ │William B. │Georgia │1880– │ │ 1826│ │ │ Woods │ │ │ │ │ │ │Horace Gray │Massachusetts │1881– │ │ │ │ │Roscoe │New York │1882– │ │ │ . │ │ Conkling│ │ │ │ │ │ │Samuel │New York │1882– │ │ │ │ │ Blatchford │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 8│Melville W. │ │Illinois │1887– │ │ │ │ Fuller │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Lucius Q. C. │Mississippi │1887– │ │ │ │ │ Lamar │ │ │ │ │ │ │David J. Brewer│Kansas │1890– │ │ │ ─┴────────────────┴───────────────┴──────────────┴─────────┴────────┴─────┴─────

TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE DURING THE REBELLION.

The various calls of the President for men were as follows:

1861—3 months’ men 75,000 1861—3 years’ men 500,000 1862—3 years’ men 300,000 1862—9 months’ men 300,000 1864—3 years’ men, February 500,000 1864—3 years’ men, March 200,000 1864—3 years’ men, July 500,000 1864—3 years’ men, December 300,000 ————————— Total 2,675,000

LENGTH OF SESSIONS OF CONGRESS, 1789–1891.

No. of No. of Time of Session. Congress. Session. 1st 1st March 4, 1789—September 29, 1789 „ 2d January 4, 1790—August 12, 1790 „ 3d December 6, 1790—March 3, 1791 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2d 1st October 24, 1791—May 8, 1792 „ 2d November 5, 1792—March 2, 1793 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3d 1st December 2, 1793—June 9, 1794 „ 2d November 3, 1794—March 3, 1795 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4th 1st December 7, 1795—June 1, 1796 „ 2d December 5, 1796—March 3, 1797 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5th 1st May 15, 1797—July 10, 1797 „ 2d November 13, 1797—July 16, 1798 „ 3d December 3, 1798—March 3, 1799 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6th 1st December 2, 1799—May 14, 1800 „ 2d November 17, 1880—March 3, 1801 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7th 1st December 7, 1801—May 3, 1802 „ 2d December 6, 1802—March 3, 1803 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8th 1st October 17, 1803—March 27, 1804 „ 2d November 5, 1804—March 3, 1805 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9th 1st December 2, 1805—April 21, 1806 „ 2d December 1, 1806—March 3, 1807 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10th 1st October 26, 1807—April 25, 1808 „ 2d November 7, 1808—March 3, 1809 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11th 1st May 22, 1809—June 28, 1809 „ 2d November 27, 1809—May 1, 1810 „ 3d December 3, 1810—March 3, 1811 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12th 1st November 4, 1811—July 6, 1812 „ 2d November 2, 1812—March 3, 1813 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13th 1st May 24, 1813—August 2, 1813 „ 2d December 6, 1813—April 18, 1814 „ 3d September 19, 1814—March 3, 1815 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14th 1st December 4, 1815—April 30, 1816 „ 2d December 2, 1816—March 3, 1817 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15th 1st December 1, 1817—April 20, 1818 „ 2d November 16, 1818—March 3, 1819 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16th 1st December 6, 1819—May 15, 1820 „ 2d November 13, 1820—March 3, 1821 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 17th 1st December 3, 1821—May 8, 1822 „ 2d December 2, 1822—March 3, 1823 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18th 1st December 1, 1823—May 27, 1824 „ 2d December 6, 1824—March 3, 1825 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 19th 1st December 5, 1825—May 22, 1826 „ 2d December 4, 1826—March 3, 1827 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20th 1st December 3, 1827—May 26, 1828 „ 2d December 1, 1828—March 3, 1829 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 21st 1st December 7, 1829—May 31, 1830 „ 2d December 6, 1830—March 3, 1831 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 22d 1st December 5, 1831—July 16, 1832 „ 2d December 3, 1832—March 3, 1833 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 23d 1st December 2, 1833—June 30, 1834 „ 2d December 1, 1834—March 3, 1835 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 24th 1st December 7, 1835—July 4, 1836 „ 2d December 5, 1836—March 3, 1837 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 25th 1st September 4, 1837—October 16, 1837 „ 2d December 4, 1837—July 9, 1838 „ 3d December 3, 1838—March 3, 1839 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 26th 1st December 2, 1839—July 21, 1840 „ 2d December 7, 1840—March 3, 1841 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 27th 1st May 31, 1841—September 13, 1841 „ 2d December 6, 1841—August 31, 1842 „ 3d December 5, 1842—March 8, 1843 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 28th 1st December 4, 1843—June 17, 1844 „ 2d December 2, 1844—March 3, 1845 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 29th 1st December 1, 1845—August 10, 1846 „ 2d December 7, 1846—March 3, 1847 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 30th 1st December 6, 1847—August 14, 1848 „ 2d December 4, 1848—March 3, 1849 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 31st 1st December 3, 1849—September 30, 1850 „ 2d December 2, 1850—March 3, 1851 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 32d 1st December 1, 1851—August 31, 1852 „ 2d December 6, 1852—March 3, 1853 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 33d 1st December 2, 1853—August 7, 1854 „ 2d December 4, 1854—March 3, 1855 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 34th 1st December 5, 1855—August 18, 1856 „ 2d August 21, 1856—August 30, 1856 „ 3d December 1, 1856—March 3, 1857 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 35th 1st December 7, 1857—June 14, 1858 „ 2d December 6, 1858—March 3, 1859 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 36th 1st December 5, 1859—June 25, 1860 „ 2d December 3, 1860—March 4, 1861 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 37th 1st July 4, 1861—August 6, 1861 „ 2d December 2, 1861—July 17, 1862 „ 3d December 1, 1862—March 4, 1863 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 38th 1st December 7, 1863—July 4, 1864 „ 2d December 5, 1864—March 4, 1865 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 39th 1st December 4, 1865—July 28, 1866 „ 2d December 3, 1866—March 4, 1867 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 40th 1st March 4, 1867—March 30, 1867 „ „ July 3, 1867—July 20, 1867 „ „ November 21, 1867—December 2, 1867 „ 2d December 2, 1867—July 27, 1868 „ 3d December 7, 1868—March 4, 1869 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 41st 1st March 4, 1869—April 23, 1869 „ 2d December 6, 1869—July 15, 1870 „ 3d December 5, 1870—March 4, 1871 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 42d 1st March 4, 1871—April 20, 1871 „ 2d December 4, 1871—June 10, 1872 „ 3d December 2, 1872—March 4, 1873 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 43d 1st December 1, 1873—June 23, 1874 „ 2d December 7, 1874—March 4, 1875 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 44th 1st December 6, 1875—August 15, 1876 „ 2d December 4, 1876—March 4, 1877 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 45th 1st October 15, 1877—December 3, 1877 „ 2d December 3, 1877—June 20, 1878 „ 3d December 2, 1878—March 4, 1879 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 46th 1st March 18, 1879—July 1, 1879 „ 2d December 1, 1879—June 16, 1880 „ 3d December 6, 1880—March 4, 1881 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 47th 1st December 5, 1881—August 8, 1882 „ 2d December 4, 1882—March 4, 1883 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 48th 1st December 3, 1883—July 7, 1884 „ 2d December 1, 1884—March 4, 1885 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 49th 1st December 7, 1885—August 5, 1886 „ 2d December 6, 1886—March 4, 1887 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 50th 1st December 5, 1887—October 20, 1888 „ 2d December 3, 1888—March 4, 1889 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── 51st 1st December 2, 1889—October, 1890 „ 2d December 1, 1890—March 4, 1891

CIVIL OFFICERS OF THE UNITED STATES

Number Employed in the several Departments of the Government, July 1st, 1882.

Executive Office 7 Congress 280 State Department 419 Treasury Department 12,130 War Department 1,861 Post-Office Department 52,672 Navy Department 128 Interior Department 2,813 Department of Justice 2,876 Department of Agriculture 77 Government Printing Office 1,168 —————— Total 74,431

THE STATES AND TERRITORIES—when Admitted or Organized—with Area and Population.

────────────────┬──────────────────┬───────────┬─────────────────────── STATES. │ Date when │ │ [First thirteen │ Admitted. │ Area in │ admitted on │ │ square │ Population nearest ratifying │ │ miles at │ census to date of Constitution—all│ │ time of │ admission. others admitted │ │admission. │ by Acts of │ │ │ Congress.] │ │ │ ────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────┼───────────┬─────────── „ │ „ │ „ │Population.│ Year. ────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────── Delaware │December 7, 1787│ 2,050│ 59,096│ 1790 Pennsylvania │December 12, 1787│ 45,215│ 434,373│ 1790 New Jersey │December 18, 1787│ 7,815│ 184,139│ 1790 Georgia │January 2, 1788│ 59,475│ 82,548│ 1790 Connecticut │January 9, 1788│ 4,990│ 237,496│ 1790 Massachusetts │February 6, 1788│ 8,315│ 378,787│ 1790 Maryland │April 28, 1788│ 12,210│ 319,728│ 1790 South Carolina │May 23, 1788│ 30,570│ 249,033│ 1790 New Hampshire │June 21, 1788│ 9,305│ 141,885│ 1790 Virginia │June 25, 1788│ 42,450│ 747,610│ 1790 New York │July 26, 1788│ 49,170│ 340,120│ 1790 North Carolina │November 21, 1789│ 52,250│ 393,751│ 1790 Rhode Island │May 29, 1790│ 1,250│ 68,825│ 1790 Vermont │March 4, 1791│ 9,565│ 85,339│ 1791 Kentucky │June 1, 1792│ 40,400│ 73,077│ 1892 Tennessee │June 1, 1796│ 42,050│ 77,202│ 1796 Ohio │November 29, 1802│ 41,060│ 41,915│ 1802 Louisiana │April 30, 1812│ 48,720│ 76,556│ 1812 Indiana │December 11, 1816│ 36,350│ 63,805│ 1816 Mississippi │December 10, 1817│ 46,810│ 75,512│ 1817 Illinois │December 3, 1818│ 56,650│ 34,620│ 1818 Alabama │December 14, 1819│ 52,250│ 127,901│ 1820 Maine │March 15, 1820│ 33,040│ 298,269│ 1820 Missouri │August 19, 1821│ 69,415│ 66,586│ 1821 Arkansas │June 15, 1836│ 53,850│ 52,240│ 1836 Michigan │January 26, 1837│ 58,915│ 212,267│ 1840 Florida │March 3, 1845│ 58,680│ 54,477│ 1845 Iowa │December 28, 1846│ 56,025│ 81,920│ 1846 Texas │December 29, 1845│ 265,780│ 212,592│ 1850 Wisconsin │May 29, 1848│ 56,040│ 305,391│ 1850 California │September 9, 1850│ 158,360│ 92,597│ 1850 Minnesota │May 11, 1858│ 83,365│ 172,023│ 1860 Oregon │February 14, 1859│ 96,030│ 52,465│ 1859 Kansas │January 29, 1861│ 82,080│ 107,206│ 1860 West Virginia │June 19, 1863│ 24,780│ 442,014│ 1870 Nevada │October 31, 1864│ 110,700│ 40,000│ 1864 Nebraska │March 1, 1867│ 76,855│ 60,000│ 1867 Colorado │August 1, 1876│ 103,926│ 150,000│ 1876 District of │March 3, 1791│ 60│ │ Columbia │ │ │ │ North Dakota │July 4, 1889│ 149,100│ 135,177│ 1880 South Dakota │July 4, 1889│ „ │ „ │ „ Montana │July 4, 1889│ 146,080│ 39,159│ 1880 Washington │July 4, 1889│ 69,180│ 75,116│ Idaho │ │ 84,800│ 32,610│ 1880 Wyoming │ │ 97,890│ 20,789│ 1880 ────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────── TERRITORIES. │ Dates of │ Present │ │ │ organization. │ area, │Population.│ Census of │ │ square │ │ │ │ miles. │ │ ────────────────┼──────────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼─────────── Utah │September 9, 1850 │ 82,090│ 143,963│ 1880 New Mexico │September 9, 1850 │ 122,580│ 119,565│ 1880 Arizona │February 24, 1863 │ 113,020│ 40,440│ 1880 Indian │ │ 64,690│ │ Alaska │ │ Unsurveyed│ │ ────────────────┴──────────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

─────────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────────────── Name. │ State. │ Congress. │ Term of Service. ─────────────────┼──────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────────────── F. A Muhlenberg │Pennsylvania │1st Congress.│April 1, 1789, to March │ │ │ 4, 1791 Jonathan Trumbull│Connecticut │2d „ │Oct. 24, 1791, to March │ │ │ 4, 1793 F. A. Muhlenberg │Pennsylvania │3d „ │Dec. 2, 1793, to March │ │ │ 4, 1795 Jonathan Dayton │New Jersey │4th „ │Dec. 7, 1795, to March │ │ │ 4, 1797 „ „ │ „ │5th „ │May 15, 1797, to March │ │ │ 3, 1799 Theodore Sedgwick│Massachusetts │6th „ │Dec. 2, 1799, to March │ │ │ 4, 1801 Nathaniel Macon │North Carolina│7th „ │Dec. 7, 1801, to March │ │ │ 4, 1803 „ „ │ „ │8th „ │Oct. 17, 1803, to March │ │ │ 4, 1805 „ „ │ „ │9th „ │Dec. 2, 1805, to March │ │ │ 4, 1807 Joseph B. Varnum │Massachusetts │10th „ │Oct. 26, 1807, to March │ │ │ 4, 1809 „ „ │ „ │11th „ │May 22, 1809, to March │ │ │ 4, 1811 Henry Clay │Kentucky │12th „ │Nov. 4, 1811, to March │ │ │ 4, 1813 „ „ │ „ │13th „ │May 24, 1813, to Jan. │ │ │ 19, 1814 Langdon Cheves │S C., 2d Sess.│13th „ │Jan. 19, 1814, to March │ │ │ 4, 1815 Henry Clay │Kentucky │14th „ │Dec. 4, 1815, to March │ │ │ 4, 1817 „ „ │ „ │15th „ │Dec. 1, 1817, to March │ │ │ 4, 1819 „ „ │ „ │16th „ │Dec. 6, 1819, to May │ │ │ 15, 1820 John W. Taylor │New York, 2d │16th „ │Nov. 15, 1820, to March │ Sess. │ │ 4, 1821 Philip P. Barbour│Virginia │17th „ │Dec. 4, 1821, to March │ │ │ 4, 1823 Henry Clay │Kentucky │18th „ │Dec. 1, 1823, to March │ │ │ 4, 1825 John W. Taylor │New York │19th „ │Dec. 5, 1825, to March │ │ │ 4, 1827 Andrew Stephenson│Virginia │20th „ │Dec. 3, 1827, to March │ │ │ 4, 1829 „ „ │ „ │21st „ │Dec. 7, 1829, to March │ │ │ 4, 1831 „ „ │ „ │22d „ │Dec. 5, 1831, to March │ │ │ 4, 1833 „ „ │ „ │23d „ │Dec. 2, 1833, to June │ │ │ 2, 1834 John Bell │Tennessee, 2d │23d „ │June 2, 1834, to March │ Sess. │ │ 4, 1835 James K. Polk │ „ „ │24th „ │Dec. 7, 1835, to March │ │ │ 4, 1837 „ „ │ „ „ │25th „ │Sept. 5, 1837, to March │ │ │ 4, 1839 Robert M. T. │Virginia │26th „ │Dec. 16, 1839, to March Hunter │ │ │ 4, 1841 John White │Kentucky │27th „ │May 31, 1841, to March │ │ │ 4, 1843 John W. Jones │Virginia │28th „ │Dec. 4, 1843, to March │ │ │ 4, 1845 John W. Davis │Indiana │29th „ │Dec. 1, 1845, to March │ │ │ 4, 1847 Robert C. │Massachusetts │30th „ │Dec. 6, 1847, to March Winthrop │ │ │ 4, 1849 Howell Cobb │Georgia │31st „ │Dec. 22, 1849, to March │ │ │ 4, 1851 Linn Boyd │Kentucky │32d „ │Dec. 1, 1851, to March │ │ │ 4, 1853 „ „ │ „ │33d „ │Dec. 5, 1853, to March │ │ │ 4, 1855 Nathaniel P. │Massachusetts │34th „ │Feb. 2, 1856, to March Banks │ │ │ 4, 1857 James L. Orr │South Carolina│35th „ │Dec. 7, 1857, to March │ │ │ 4, 1859 William │New Jersey │36th „ │Feb. 1, 1860, to March Pennington │ │ │ 4, 1861 Galusha A. Grow │Pennsylvania │37th „ │July 4, 1861, to March │ │ │ 4, 1863 Schuyler Colfax │Indiana │38th „ │Dec. 7, 1863, to March │ │ │ 4, 1865 „ „ │ „ │39th „ │Dec. 4, 1865, to March │ │ │ 4, 1867 „ „ │ „ │40th „ │March 4, 1867, to March │ │ │ 4, 1869 James G. Blaine │Maine │41st „ │March 4, 1869, to March │ │ │ 4, 1871 „ „ │ „ │42d „ │March 4, 1871, to March │ │ │ 4, 1873 „ „ │ „ │43d „ │Dec. 1, 1873, to March │ │ │ 4, 1875 Michael C. Kerr │Indiana │44th „ │Dec. 6, 1875, to Aug. │ │ │ 20, 1876 Samuel J. Randall│Penna., 2d │44th „ │Dec. 4, 1876, to March │ Sess. │ │ 4, 1877 „ „ │ „ „ │45th „ │Oct. 15, 1877, to March │ │ │ 4, 1879 „ „ │ „ „ │46th „ │March 18, 1879, to March │ │ │ 4, 1881 Warren B. Keifer │Ohio │47th „ │Dec. 5, 1881, to March │ │ │ 4, 1883 John G. Carlisle │Kentucky │48th „ │Dec. 3, 1883, to March │ │ │ 4, 1885 „ „ │ „ │49th „ │Dec. 7, 1885, to March │ │ │ 4, 1887 „ „ │ „ │50th „ │Dec. 5, 1888, to March │ │ │ 4, 1889 Thomas B. Reed │Maine │51st „ │Dec. 2, 1889, to March │ │ │ 4, 1891 ─────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┴────────────────────────

Table, exhibiting, by States, the Aggregate Troops called for by the President, and furnished to the Union Army, from April 15th, 1861, to close of War of Rebellion

────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────┬───────── │ Aggregate │Aggregate States and │ │ reduced Territories │ │ to a 3 │ │ years’ │ │standard ────────────────────┼─────────┬─────────┬───────────┬─────────┼───────── „ │ Quota │ Men │ Paid │ Total │ „ │ │furnished│commutation│ │ ────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────── Maine │ 73,587│ 70,107│ 2,007│ 72,114│ 56,776 New Hampshire │ 35,897│ 33,937│ 692│ 34,629│ 30,849 Vermont │ 32,074│ 33,288│ 1,974│ 35,262│ 29,068 Massachusetts │ 139,095│ 146,730│ 5,318│ 152,048│ 124,104 Rhode Island │ 18,898│ 23,236│ 463│ 23,699│ 17,866 Connecticut │ 44,797│ 55,864│ 1,515│ 57,379│ 50,623 New York │ 507,148│ 448,850│ 18,197│ 467,047│ 392,270 New Jersey │ 92,820│ 76,814│ 4,196│ 81,010│ 57,908 Pennsylvania │ 385,369│ 337,936│ 28,171│ 366,107│ 265,517 Delaware │ 13,935│ 12,284│ 1,386│ 13,670│ 10,322 Maryland │ 70,965│ 46,638│ 3,678│ 50,316│ 41,275 West Virginia │ 34,463│ 32,068│ │ 32,068│ 27,714 District of Columbia│ 13,973│ 16,534│ 338│ 16,872│ 11,506 Ohio │ 306,322│ 313,180│ 6,479│ 319,659│ 240,514 Indiana │ 199,788│ 196,363│ 784│ 197,147│ 153,576 Illinois │ 244,496│ 259,092│ 55│ 259,147│ 214,133 Michigan │ 95,007│ 87,364│ 2,008│ 89,372│ 80,111 Wisconsin │ 109,080│ 91,327│ 5,097│ 96,424│ 79,260 Minnesota │ 26,326│ 24,020│ 1,032│ 25,052│ 10,693 Iowa │ 79,521│ 76,242│ 67│ 76,309│ 68,630 Missouri │ 122,496│ 109,111│ │ 109,111│ 86,530 Kentucky │ 100,782│ 75,760│ 3,265│ 79,025│ 70,832 Kansas │ 12,931│ 20,149│ 2│ 20,151│ 18,706 Tennessee │ 1,560│ 31,092│ │ 31,092│ 26,394 Arkansas │ 780│ 8,289│ │ 8,289│ 7,835 North Carolina │ 1,500│ 3,156│ │ 3,156│ 3,156 California │ │ 15,725│ │ 15,725│ 15,725 Nevada │ │ 1,080│ │ 1,080│ 1,080 Oregon │ │ 1,810│ │ 1,810│ 1,773 Washington │ │ 964│ │ 964│ 964 Nebraska Territory │ │ 3,157│ │ 3,157│ 2,175 Colorado Territory │ │ 4,903│ │ 4,903│ 3,697 Dakota │ │ 206│ │ 205│ 206 New Mexico Territory│ │ 6,561│ │ 6,561│ 4,432 Alabama │ │ 2,576│ │ 2,576│ 1,611 Florida │ │ 1,290│ │ 1,290│ 1,290 Louisiana │ │ 5,224│ │ 5,224│ 4,634 Mississippi │ │ 545│ │ 545│ 545 Texas │ │ 1,965│ │ 1,965│ 1,632 Indian Nation │ │ 3,530│ │ 3,530│ 3,530 Colored Troops │ │ 93,441│ │ 93,441│ 91,789 ────────────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼───────────┼─────────┼───────── Total │2,763,670│2,772,408│ 86,724│2,859,132│2,320,272 ────────────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴───────────┴─────────┴─────────

STATEMENT SHOWING THE EXPENDITURES,

As far as ascertained, necessarily growing out of the War of the Rebellion, from July 1, 1861, to June 30, 1870, inclusive.

──────────────────┬─────────────────┬────────────────┬───────────────── APPROPRIATION. │ │ Expenditure │ Expenditure │ Gross │ other than for │ growing out of │ Expenditure. │ the war. │ the war. ──────────────────┼─────────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────── Expenses of │ │ │ national loans │ │ │ and currency │ $51,522,730 77│ │ $51,522,730 77 Premiums │ 59,738,167 73│ │ 59,738,167 73 Interest on public│ │ │ debt │ 1,809,301,485 19│ $45,045,286 74│ 1,764,256,198 45 Expenses of │ │ │ collecting │ │ │ revenue from │ │ │ customs │ 99,690,808 31│ 57,151,550 44│ 42,539,257 87 Judgment of Court │ │ │ of Claims │ 5,516,260 75│ 551,626 07│ 4,964,634 68 Payments of │ │ │ judgments Court │ │ │ of Alabama │ │ │ Claims │ 9,315,753 19│ │ 9,315,753 19 Salaries and │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ Southern Claims │ │ │ Commission │ 371,321 82│ │ 371,321 82 Salaries and │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ American and │ │ │ British Claims │ │ │ Commission │ 295,878 54│ │ 295,878 54 Award to British │ │ │ claimants │ 1,929,819 00│ │ 1,929,819 00 Tribunal of │ │ │ arbitration at │ │ │ Geneva │ 244,815 40│ │ 244,815 40 Salaries and │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ Alabama Claims │ │ │ Commission │ 253,231 12│ │ 253,231 12 Salaries and │ │ │ contingent │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ Pension Office │ 7,095,968 05│ 1,870,180 00│ 5,225,788 05 Salaries and │ │ │ contingent │ │ │ expenses of War │ │ │ Department │ 15,381,956 58│ 2,712,693 79│ 12,619,262 79 Salaries and │ │ │ contingent │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ Executive │ │ │ Departm’nt │ │ │ (exclusive of │ │ │ Pension office │ │ │ and War │ │ │ Department) │ 33,944,017 67│ 10,110,745 70│ 23,833,271 97 Expenses of │ │ │ assessing and │ │ │ collecting │ │ │ internal revenue│ 112,803,841 31│ │ 112,803,841 31 Miscellaneous │ │ │ accounts │ 2,664,199 82│ 456,714 21│ 2,207,485 61 Subsistence of the│ │ │ Army │ 420,041,037 75│ 38,623,489 17│ 381,417,548 58 Quartermaster’s │ │ │ Department │ 357,518,966 61│ 58,037,048 95│ 299,481,917 63 Incidental │ │ │ expenses of │ │ │ Quartermaster’s │ │ │ Department │ 101,528,573 37│ 16,185,839 74│ 85,342,733 63 Transportation of │ │ │ the Army │ 407,463,324 81│ 70,669,439 25│ 336,793,885 56 Transportation of │ │ │ officers and │ │ │ their baggage │ 4,626,219 66│ 1,601,000 00│ 3,025,219 66 Clothing of the │ │ │ Army │ 356,651,466 31│ 11,107,586 11│ 345,543,880 20 Purchase of horses│ │ │ for cavalry and │ │ │ artillery │ 130,990,762 95│ 4,318,339 51│ 126,672,423 24 Barracks, │ │ │ quarters, etc. │ 49,872,669 40│ 18,801,822 89│ 31,070,846 59 Heating and │ │ │ cooking stoves │ 487,881 45│ 39,150 00│ 448,731 45 Pay, mileage, │ │ │ general │ │ │ expenses, etc., │ │ │ of the Army │ 184,473,721 26│ 106,388,991 79│ 78,084,729 47 Pay of two and │ │ │ three years’ │ │ │ volunteers │ 1,041,102,702 58│ │ 1,041,102,702 58 Pay of three │ │ │ months’ │ │ │ volunteers │ 886,305 41│ │ 886,305 41 Pay, etc., of one │ │ │ hundred days’ │ │ │ volunteers │ 14,386,778 29│ │ 14,386,778 29 Pay of militia and│ │ │ volunteers │ 6,126,952 65│ │ 6,126,952 65 Pay, etc., to │ │ │ officers and men│ │ │ in the │ │ │ Department of │ │ │ the Missouri │ 844,150 55│ │ 844,150 55 Pay and supplies │ │ │ of one hundred │ │ │ days’ volunteers│ 4,824,877 68│ │ 4,824,877 68 Bounty to │ │ │ volunteers and │ │ │ regulars on │ │ │ enlistment │ 38,522,046 20│ │ 38,522,046 20 Bounty to │ │ │ volunteers and │ │ │ their widows and│ │ │ legal heirs │ 31,760,345 95│ │ 31,760,345 95 Additional bounty │ │ │ act of July 28, │ │ │ 1866 │ 69,998,786 71│ │ 69,998,786 61 Collect’n and │ │ │ payment of │ │ │ bounty, etc., to│ │ │ color’d │ │ │ soldiers, etc. │ $268,158 11│ │ $268,158 11 Reimbursing States│ │ │ for moneys │ │ │ expended for │ │ │ payment of │ │ │ military service│ │ │ of the United │ │ │ States │ 9,635,512 85│ │ 9,635,512 85 Defraying expenses│ │ │ of minute-men │ │ │ and volunteers │ │ │ in Pennsylvania,│ │ │ Maryland, Ohio, │ │ │ Indiana and │ │ │ Kentucky │ 597,178 30│ │ 597,178 30 Refunding to │ │ │ States expenses │ │ │ incurred on │ │ │ account of │ │ │ volunteers │ 31,297,242 60│ │ 31,297,242 60 Reimbursements to │ │ │ Baltimore for │ │ │ aid in │ │ │ construction of │ │ │ defensive works │ │ │ in 1863 │ 96,152 00│ │ 96,152 00 Payment to members│ │ │ of certain │ │ │ military │ │ │ organizations in│ │ │ Kansas │ 296,097 28│ │ 296,097 28 Expenses of │ │ │ recruiting │ 2,568,639 91│ 1,270,673 56│ 1,297,966 35 Draft and │ │ │ substitute fund │ 9,713,873 13│ │ 9,713,873 13 Medical and │ │ │ Hospital │ │ │ Department │ 46,954,146 83│ 1,845,376 47│ 45,108,770 36 Medical and │ │ │ Surgical History│ │ │ and Statistics │ 196,048 32│ │ 196,048 32 Medical Museum and│ │ │ Library │ 55,000 00│ │ 55,000 00 Providing for │ │ │ comfort of sick,│ │ │ wounded and │ │ │ discharged │ │ │ soldiers │ 2,232,785 12│ │ 2,232,785 12 Freedmen’s │ │ │ Hospital and │ │ │ Asylum │ 123,487 49│ │ 123,487 49 Artificial limbs │ │ │ and appliances │ 509,283 21│ │ 509,283 21 Ordnance service │ 6,114,533 38│ 1,561,001 67│ 4,553,531 71 Ordnance, ordnance│ │ │ stores and │ │ │ supplies │ 59,798,079 70│ 3,834,146 87│ 55,933,932 83 Armament of │ │ │ fortifications │ 12,336,710 88│ 2,118,238 79│ 10,218,472 09 National armories,│ │ │ arsenals, &c. │ 29,730,717 53│ $6,127,228 21│ 23,603,489 32 Purchase of arms │ │ │ for volunteers │ │ │ and regulars │ 76,378,935 13│ │ 76,378,935 13 Traveling expenses│ │ │ First Michigan │ │ │ Cavalry and │ │ │ California and │ │ │ Nevada │ │ │ Volunteers │ 84,131 50│ │ 84,131 50 Payment of │ │ │ expenses under │ │ │ reconstruction │ │ │ acts │ 3,128,905 94│ │ 3,128,905 94 Secret Service │ 681,587 42│ │ 681,587 42 Books of tactics │ 172,568 15│ │ 172,568 15 Medals of Honor │ 29,890 00│ │ 29,890 00 Support of │ │ │ National Home │ │ │ for disabled │ │ │ volunteer │ │ │ soldiers │ 8,546,184 76│ │ 8,546,184 76 Publication of │ │ │ official records│ │ │ of war of the │ │ │ rebellion │ 170,998 98│ │ 170,998 98 Contingencies of │ │ │ the Army and │ │ │ Adjutant │ │ │ General’s │ │ │ Department │ 3,291,835 14│ 565,136 39│ 2,726,698 75 Payments under │ │ │ special acts of │ │ │ relief │ 1,088,406 83│ │ 1,088,406 83 Copying official │ │ │ reports │ 5,000 00│ │ 5,000 00 Expenses of court │ │ │ of inquiry in │ │ │ 1858 and 1869 │ 5,000 00│ │ 5,000 00 United States │ │ │ police for │ │ │ Baltimore │ 100,000 00│ │ 100,000 00 Preparing register│ │ │ of volunteers │ 1,015 45│ │ 1,015 45 Army pensions │ 437,744,192 80│ 30,315,000 00│ 407,429,192 80 Telegraph for │ │ │ military │ │ │ purposes │ 2,500,085 80│ │ 2,500,085 80 Maintenance of │ │ │ gunboat fleet │ │ │ proper │ 5,244,684 32│ │ 5,244,684 32 Keeping, │ │ │ transporting, │ │ │ and supplying │ │ │ prisoners of war│ 7,659,411 60│ │ 7,659,411 60 Permanent forts │ │ │ and │ │ │ fortifications; │ │ │ surveys for │ │ │ military │ │ │ defenses; │ │ │ contingencies of│ │ │ fortifications; │ │ │ platform for │ │ │ cannon of large │ │ │ calibre, &c., │ │ │ from 1862 to │ │ │ 1868 │ 20,887,756 96│ 7,483,765 87│ 13,4O3,991 09 Construction and │ │ │ maintenance of │ │ │ steam rams │ 1,370,730 42│ │ 1,370,730 42 Signal service │ 222,269 79│ 78,472 23│ 143,797 56 Gunboats on the │ │ │ Western rivers │ 3,239,314 18│ │ 3,239,314 18 Supplying, │ │ │ transporting, │ │ │ and delivering │ │ │ arms and │ │ │ munitions of war│ │ │ to loyal │ │ │ citizens in │ │ │ States in │ │ │ rebellion │ │ │ against the │ │ │ Government of │ │ │ the United │ │ │ States │ 1,649,596 57│ │ 1,649,596 57 Collecting, │ │ │ organizing, and │ │ │ drilling │ │ │ volunteers │ 29,091,666 57│ │ 29,091,666 57 Bridge-trains and │ │ │ equipage │ 1,413,701 75│ │ 1,413,701 75 Tool and siege │ │ │ trains │ 702,250 00│ │ 702,250 00 Completing the │ │ │ defenses of │ │ │ Washington │ 912,283 01│ │ 912,283 01 Commutation of │ │ │ rations to │ │ │ prisoners of war│ │ │ in rebel States │ 320,636 62│ │ 320,636 62 National │ │ │ cemeteries │ 4,162,848 39│ │ 4,162,848 39 Purchase of Ford’s│ │ │ Theatre │ 88,000 00│ │ 88,000 00 Temporary relief │ │ │ to destitute │ │ │ people in │ │ │ District of │ │ │ Columbia │ 57,000 00│ │ 57,000 00 Headstones, │ │ │ erection of │ │ │ headstones, pay │ │ │ of │ │ │ superintendents,│ │ │ and removing the│ │ │ remains of │ │ │ officers to │ │ │ national │ │ │ cemeteries │ 1,080,185 54│ │ 1,080,185 54 State of Tennessee│ │ │ for keeping and │ │ │ maintaining │ │ │ United States │ │ │ military │ │ │ prisoners │ 22,749 49│ │ 22,749 49 Capture of Jeff. │ │ │ Davis │ 97,031 62│ │ 97,031 62 Removing wreck of │ │ │ gunboat Oregon │ │ │ in Chefunct │ │ │ River, Louisiana│ 5,500 00│ │ 5,500 00 Support of Bureau │ │ │ of Refugees and │ │ │ Freedmen │ 11,454,237 30│ │ 11,454,237 30 Claims for │ │ │ quartermaster’s │ │ │ stores and │ │ │ commissary │ │ │ supplies │ 850,220 91│ │ 850,220 91 Miscellaneous │ │ │ claims audited │ │ │ by Third Auditor│ 94,223 11│ 47,112 11│ 47,111 00 Claims of loyal │ │ │ citizens for │ │ │ supplies │ │ │ furnished during│ │ │ the rebellion │ 4,170,304 54│ │ 4,170,304 54 Payment for use of│ │ │ Corcoran Art │ │ │ Gallery │ 125,000 00│ │ 125,000 00 Expenses of sales │ │ │ of stores and │ │ │ material │ 5,842 43│ │ 5,842 43 Transportation of │ │ │ insane volunteer│ │ │ soldiers │ 1,000 00│ │ 1,000 00 Horses and other │ │ │ property lost in│ │ │ military service│ 4,281,724 91│ │ 4,281,724 91 Purchase of │ │ │ cemetery grounds│ │ │ near Columbus, │ │ │ Ohio │ 500 00│ │ 500 00 Fortifications on │ │ │ the Northern │ │ │ Frontier │ 683,748 12│ │ 683,748 12 Pay of the Navy │ 144,549,073 96│ 70,086,769 62│ 74,462,304 34 Provisions of the │ │ │ Navy │ 32,771,931 16│ 16,403,307 34│ 16,368,623 82 Clothing of the │ │ │ Navy │ 2,709,491 98│ 1,114,701 00│ 1,594,790 98 Construction and │ │ │ repair │ 170,007,781 25│ 35,829,684 80│ 134,178,096 65 Equipment of │ │ │ vessels │ $25,174,614 53│ │ $25,174,614 53 Ordnance │ 38,063,357 67│ $6,641,263 30│ 31,422,094 37 Surgeons’ │ │ │ necessaries │ 2,178,769 74│ 241,025 68│ 1,937,744 06 Yards and docks │ 33,638,156 59│ 3,337,854 52│ 30,300,302 07 Fuel for the Navy │ 19,952,754 36│ 8,612,521 68│ 11,340,232 68 Hemp for the Navy │ 2,836,916 69│ 1,938,664 42│ 898,252 27 Steam machinery │ 49,297,318 57│ │ 49,297,318 57 Navigation │ 2,526,247 00│ │ 2,526,247 00 Naval hospitals │ 875,452 34│ 375,789 40│ 499,662 94 Magazines │ 753,822 13│ 349,290 48│ 404,531 65 Marine corps, pay,│ │ │ clothing, &c. │ 16,726,906 00│ 8,969,290 82│ 7,757,615 18 Naval Academy │ 2,640,440 87│ 778,308 86│ 1,862,132 01 Naval Asylum, │ │ │ Philadelphia │ 652,049 89│ 65,394 00│ 586,655 89 Temporary increase│ │ │ of the Navy │ 8,123,766 21│ │ 8,123,766 21 Miscellaneous │ │ │ appropriations │ 2,614,044 77│ │ 2,614,044 77 Naval pensions │ 7,540,043 00│ 950,000 00│ 6,590,043 00 Bounties to seamen│ 2,821,530 10│ │ 2,821,530 10 Bounty for │ │ │ destruction of │ │ │ enemy’s vessels │ 271,309 28│ │ 271,309 28 Indemnity for lost│ │ │ clothing │ 389,025 33│ │ 389,025 33 ──────────────────┼─────────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────── Total expenditures│$6,844,571,431 03│ $654,641,522 45│$6,189,929,908 58 ──────────────────┼─────────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────── │ │ │ NOTE.—Only the appropriations from which war expenditures were made are included in the above.

NATIONAL DEBTS, EXPENDITURE AND COMMERCE, PER CAPITA.

───────────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬────────────┬──────────── Country. │ │ Annual │ Annual │ Annual │ Debt per │expenditure │imports per │exports per │ head. │ per head. │ head. │ head. ───────────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼────────────┼──────────── Argentine Republic │ $39.07│ $12.04│ $20.31│ $25.66 Austria-Hungary │ 5.73│ 1.63│ 7.19│ 5.70 Austria proper │ 65.26│ 9.29│ │ Hungary proper │ 17.68│ 7.53│ │ Belgium │ 48.08│ 10.13│ 53.41│ 46.06 Bolivia │ 10.04│ 2.58│ 3.30│ 2.08 Brazil │ 36.43│ 6.70│ 8.71│ 10.31 Canada │ 31.16│ 6.69│ 25.87│ 24.94 Chili │ 24.49│ 10.66│ 18.21│ 17.95 Colombia │ 5.22│ .94│ 2.35│ 3.38 Denmark │ 27.19│ 6.83│ 26.31│ 17.95 Ecuador │ 20.20│ 24.36│ 8.77│ 4.51 Egypt │ 85.82│ 10.42│ 5.52│ 12.94 France │ 127.23│ 14.07│ 24.17│ 26.05 German Empire │ .70│ 3.15│ 21.54│ 14.21 Prussia │ 10.55│ 6.33│ │ Great Britain and │ │ │ │ Ireland │ 114.62│ 12.35│ 59.11│ 40.59 Greece │ 27.50│ 5.35│ 16.49│ 10.30 India, British │ 3.01│ 1.42│ .93│ 1.48 Italy │ 71.94│ 10.12│ 9.67│ 8.85 Mexico │ 42.63│ 2.68│ 3.13│ 3.41 Netherlands │ 101.21│ 11.37│ 71.27│ 67.70 Norway │ 7.48│ 5.91│ 28.77│ 18.77 Paraguay │ 54.72│ 3.39│ 2.55│ 2.74 Peru │ 79.82│ 12.62│ │ 14.02 Portugal │ 96.84│ 6.70│ 8.60│ 5.97 Roumania │ 11.82│ 3.85│ 3.19│ 5.60 Russia │ 26.33│ 4.83│ 4.22│ 3.23 Servia │ 3.61│ 1.43│ 4.58│ 4.06 Spain │ 142.71│ 7.83│ 3.96│ 4.48 Sweden │ 8.86│ 4.93│ 19.39│ 14.11 Switzerland │ 2.25│ 3.08│ │ Turkey │ 31.70│ 4.38│ 2.23│ 1.59 United States │ 52.56│ 6.13│ 12.64│ 15.40 Uruguay │ 98.00│ 15.28│ 40.25│ 38.09 Venezuela │ 35.11│ 2.04│ 6.72│ 9.52 ───────────────────┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────┴────────────

STATEMENT

Average Values of Gold in United States Paper Currency in the New York Market from the Suspension to the Resumption of Specie Payments, during the period of Seventeen Years, from 1862 to 1878, both inclusive—Prepared for the U. S. Treasury Department by E. B. Elliott.

Currency Value of Gold.

Table showing the Average Value in Currency of One Hundred Dollars in Gold in the New York Market, by Months, Quarter-years, Half-years, Calendar Years, and Fiscal Years, from January 1, 1862, to December 31, 1878, both inclusive.

─────────────────────────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬───── PERIODS. │1862.│1863.│1864.│1865.│1866.│1867.│1868.│1869. ─────────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───── January │102.5│145.1│155.5│216.2│140.1│134.6│138.5│135.6 February │103.5│160.5│158.6│205.5│138.4│137.4│141.4│134.4 March │101.8│154.5│162.9│173.8│130.5│ 135.│139.5│131.3 April │101.5│151.5│172.7│148.5│127.3│135.6│138.7│132.9 May │103.3│148.9│176.3│135.6│131.8│ 137.│139.6│139.2 June │106.5│144.5│210.7│140.1│148.7│137.5│140.1│138.1 July │115.5│130.6│258.1│142.1│151.6│139.4│142.7│136.1 August │114.5│125.8│254.1│143.5│148.7│109.8│145.5│134.2 September │118.5│134.2│222.5│143.9│145.5│143.4│143.6│136.8 October │128.5│147.7│207.2│145.5│148.3│143.5│137.1│130.2 November │131.1│ 148.│233.5│ 147.│143.8│139.6│134.4│126.2 December │132.3│151.1│227.5│146.2│136.7│134.8│135.2│121.5 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ First quarter-year │102.6│153.4│ 159.│198.5│136.3│135.7│139.8│133.8 Second quarter-year │103.8│148.3│186.6│141.4│135.9│136.7│139.5│136.7 Third quarter-year │116.2│130.2│244.9│143.2│148.6│141.2│143.9│135.7 Fourth quarter-year │130.6│148.9│222.7│146.2│142.9│139.3│135.6│ 126. │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ First half-year │103.2│150.8│172.8│169.9│136.1│136.2│139.6│135.3 Second half-year │123.4│139.6│233.8│144.7│145.8│140.3│139.8│130.8 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Calendar year │113.3│145.2│203.3│157.3│140.9│138.2│139.7│ 133. Fiscal year ended June 30│ │137.1│156.2│201.9│140.4│ 141.│139.9│137.5 -

─────────────────────────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬───── PERIODS. │1870.│1871.│1872.│1873.│1874.│1875.│1876.│1877.│1878. ─────────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼───── January │121.3│110.7│109.1│112.7│111.4│112.5│112.8│106.3│102.1 February │119.5│111.5│110.3│114.1│112.3│114.5│113.4│105.4│ 102. March │112.6│ 111.│110.1│115.5│112.1│115.5│114.3│104.8│101.2 April │113.1│110.6│111.1│117.8│113.4│114.8│ 113.│106.2│100.6 May │114.7│111.5│113.7│117.7│112.4│115.8│112.6│106.9│100.7 June │112.9│112.4│113.9│116.5│111.3│ 117.│112.5│105.4│100.8 July │116.8│112.4│114.3│115.7│ 110.│114.8│111.9│105.4│100.5 August │117.9│112.4│114.4│115.4│109.7│113.5│111.2│ 105.│100.6 September │114.8│114.5│113.5│112.7│109.7│115.8│ 110.│103.3│100.4 October │112.8│113.2│113.2│108.9│ 110.│116.4│109.7│102.8│100.6 November │111.4│111.2│112.9│108.6│110.9│114.7│109.1│102.8│100.2 December │110.7│109.3│112.2│ 110.│111.7│113.9│109.8│102.8│100.1 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ First quarter-year │117.8│111.1│109.8│114.1│111.9│114.2│113.5│105.5│101.7 Second quarter-year │113.6│111.5│112.9│117.3│112.4│115.9│112.7│106.2│100.7 Third quarter-year │116.5│113.1│114.1│114.6│109.8│114.7│ 111.│104.6│101.5 Fourth quarter-year │111.6│111.2│112.8│109.2│110.9│ 115.│108.9│102.8│101.3 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ First half-year │115.7│111.3│111.4│115.7│112.2│115.1│113.1│105.9│101.2 Second half-year │ 114.│121.1│113.4│111.9│110.3│114.8│109.9│103.7│100.4 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ Calendar year │114.9│111.7│112.4│113.8│111.2│114.9│111.5│104.8│100.8 Fiscal year ended June 30│123.3│112.7│111.8│114.6│ 112.│112.7│113.9│107.9│102.8 ─────────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────

CHRONOLOGICAL POLITICS.

=1765.=—March 8.—Parliament passes the Stamp Act. Oct. 7.—Colonial Congress met at New York.

=1766.=—Stamp Act repealed, Mar. 18.

=1767.=—June 29.—Bill passed taxing tea, glass, paper, etc., in the American colonies.

=1768.=—Massachusetts assembly petition the King against the late tax.

=1773.=—The inhabitants of Boston throw 342 chests of the taxed tea into the sea.

=1774.=—Mar. 31.—The Boston Port Bill passed by Parliament. Sept. 5.—The first Continental Congress meets at Philadelphia.

=1775.=—April 19.—The war for American Independence commences with the Battle of Lexington.

=1776.=—July 4.—America is declared “Free, sovereign, and independent”—a declaration which is signed by the following States: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Georgia.

=1777.=—Dec. 16.—France acknowledges the independence of the United States.

=1778.=—Feb. 6.—Treaties of Amity and Commerce adopted between the United States and France.

=1781.=—Feb.—Articles of Confederation ratified by the States.

=1782.=—Oct. 8.—Independence of United States acknowledged by Holland. Nov. 3.—Temporary Treaty of Peace signed at Paris.

=1783.=—Sept. 3.—Treaty of Peace signed at Paris. Nov. 3.—American army disbanded. Nov. 25.—New York evacuated by the British. Dec. 19.—Charleston evacuated by British. Dec. 23.—Washington resigns his commission to Congress.

=1785.=—June 1.—John Adams, first minister from U. S. to London.

=1786.=—Nov.—Shay’s insurrection broke out in Massachusetts.

=1787.=—Sept. 17.—Constitution of the United States adopted by all the States, except Rhode Island.

=1788.=—Cotton planted in Georgia.

=1789.=—First Congress. Ten Amendments to the Constitution passed. Departments of Government organized. Washington appoints a National Thanksgiving. April 14.—George Washington declared the first President of the United States. Ratio of Representatives, 30,000; Members of Congress 65.

=1789.=—Many Treaties with the Indians. Hamilton recommends the first Tariff; passed and approved.

=1790.=—The territory south of the Ohio river ceded to the United States. Naturalization Law passed. Treason defined and penalty determined. First Census, 3,929,326. System of Finance adopted; Government assumes State Debts; Public Debt funded; Seat of government removed from New York to Philadelphia.

=1791.=—First United States bank established at Philadelphia; Capital, $10,000,000. First Tax on Distilled Spirits.

=1792.=—U. S. Mint established. Apportionment Bill passed, fixing ratio of Representation at, 33,000; 103 members in Congress. Uniform system of Militia established. Post Office department organized anew.

=1793.=—Washington again inaugurated President. Neutrality declared in regard to France. First Fugitive Slave Law passed. French Minister Gernet recalled by request of Government; returns to organize Democratic or Jacobin Societies.

=1794.=—Commercial Treaty concluded with Great Britain. The Whiskey Insurrection in Pennsylvania. Regulation of Slave Trade by law. A sixty days Embargo as a retaliation on British “Order in Council.”

=1795.=—Second Naturalization Law passed. Jay’s Commercial Treaty with Great Britain. Treaty of Madrid. Disagreement of the United States with Algeria.

=1796.=—Washington’s Farewell Address. Contest between the President and House over the British Treaty. John Adams elected President.

=1797.=—Congress declares the treaties with France annulled. Privateering against friendly nations forbidden.

=1798.=—Congress passes an Act for raising a regular army. Washington appointed Lieutenant-General and Commander-in-Chief. Congress authorizes Naval Warfare with France; Commercial Intercourse with France suspended; Navy Department organized.

=1799.=—Congress votes to raise an army of 40,000 men. American Navy consists of 42 vessels with 950 guns. Pennsylvania seat of government removed to Lancaster. Washington dies at Mount Vernon, Va.

=1800.=—Treaty of Peace with France. General Law of Bankruptcy approved. Second official census—population 5,308,483. Removal of the Capitol from Philadelphia to Washington. Election of Thomas Jefferson President.

=1801.=—War against Tripoli declared. The Republican party under Thomas Jefferson, comes into power with Jefferson President.

=1802.=—Louisiana ceded to France by Spain. Naturalization Laws made more liberal. Representatives, 141.

=1803.=—Louisiana purchased of France for $15,000,000. Congress gives the President extraordinary authority to maintain Free Navigation of the Mississippi. A brief war with the Barbary States.

=1804.=—Re-election of Jefferson as a Republican. Treaty of Peace concluded with Tripoli.

=1805.=—Troubles with Great Britain begin.

=1806.=—Congress provides the importation of certain goods. Disputes with England and France respecting Neutral Rights. England plainly claims the right to search American vessels for deserting seamen; Jefferson disputes it.

=1807.=—Congress lays an embargo. United States Coast Survey authorized. Conspiracy of Aaron Burr to divide the Union. English ships of war ordered to leave American waters. The first boat goes by steam.

=1808.=—The Slave Trade abolished by act of Congress. Madison elected President as a Republican.

=1809.=—Proclamation forbidding all intercourse with Great Britain and France. Embargo repealed. Madison inaugurated.

=1810.=—Third official census.

=1811.=—Population of United States 7,239,903. Ratio of Representation fixed at 35,000. Continued troubles with England. War with Tecumseh.

=1812.=—Congress lays an embargo on American shipping. General Land Office established. More than 6,000 cases of impressment recorded. War declared on the 18th of June against Great Britain. Madison re-elected President, as a Republican.

=1813.=—Congress authorizes an issue of $5,000,000 and a loan of $16,000,000. Entire American coast blockaded by British ships. Several battles on land and sea.

=1814.=—Treaty of peace between the United States and England signed at Ghent. A loan of $25,000,000 authorized.

=1815.=—A loan of $18,400,000 and an issue of $25,000,000 authorized. Government ratifies Treaty of Ghent, and President proclaims peace 18th Feb. Government ceases to pay tribute to Algiers. Battle of New Orleans. Peace followed, though treaty of peace preceded the battle.

=1816.=—First high Protective Tariff enacted. Second United States Bank chartered for twenty years; Capital, $35,000,000. Monroe elected President as Republican or Democrat.

=1817.=—Internal Taxes abolished. DeWitt Clinton causes the Erie canal to be commenced. The Era of Peace. United States Bank opened at Philadelphia. Commencement of the Seminole war.

=1818.=—Pension Law enacted. National Flag re-arranged, so that the Stripes represent the Original Thirteen Colonies and the Stars the present number of States. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with England. Seminole war in Florida and Georgia.

=1819.=—Congress ratifies the Treaty for the Cession of Florida. Beginning of the discussion between the North and South in regard to the Slavery Question. The “Savannah”—the first steamer from New York to Liverpool.

=1820.=—Missouri Compromise passed. Navigation Act restricting importation to United States vessels. Country agitated over the Slavery question. Fourth official census, 9,633,822.

=1822.=—Florida made a territory. Ratio of Representation fixed at 40,000; Members, 213. Commercial treaty with France. Federal party disbands. Clintonian Democratic party organized in New York.

=1823.=—Independence of South American Republics acknowledged. Treaty with Great Britain for mutual suppression of the Slave Traffic. The “Monroe Doctrine” advanced. Party politics quiet.

=1824.=—John Quincy Adams, Whig, elected by the House. Second high Protective Tariff.

=1825.=—Panama Mission discussed. John Quincy Adams inaugurated.

=1826.=—Extensive Internal Improvements under the leadership of Clay. The Fiftieth Anniversary of American Independence. Death of Adams and Jefferson. Webster delivers his celebrated eulogy on them.

=1827.=—Experimenting on the construction of a railroad.

=1828.=—Tariff amended and Duties increased. Jackson elected President.

=1829.=—Webster’s great speech against Nullification. Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Brazil. Jackson inaugurated. “To the victor belongs the spoils.”

=1830.=—Treaty with Turkey, securing for the United States freedom of the Black Sea. Treaty between the United States and Ottoman Porte. Fifth official census: population 12,866,020.

=1831.=—Building railroads actively.

=1832.=—Treaty of Commerce with Russia. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with Mexico. Bill for re-chartering United States Bank vetoed by President Jackson. His proclamation against Nullifiers. Resignation of John C. Calhoun. Black Hawk War commences. South Carolina declares the doctrine of nullification. Representatives 240.

=1833.=—Andrew Jackson commences his second administration. Gen. Santa Anna elected President of Mexico. Public deposits removed from the United States Bank by the President, and distributed among certain State banks. Secretary of Treasury, W. P. Duane, refusing to carry out the policy, is removed. Lucifer, or Locofoco matches introduced, and the Democrats called “Locofocos.”

=1834.=—President Jackson censured by Congress for removing Government deposits.—France and Portugal, slow in paying for injuries done United States commerce, are brought to terms by the President.

=1835.=—War with Seminoles.

=1836.=—Office of Commissioner of Patents created. Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with Venezuela. Charter for United States Bank expires. Not renewed. Financial trouble brewing. Martin VanBuren, Democrat, elected President.

=1837.=—The Independence of Texas acknowledged. Issue of $10,000,000 Treasury notes authorized. President refuses to remit the regulation regarding the “Specie Circular.” Financial panic follows, banks suspend Specie Payments in March, and resume in July. VanBuren inaugurated.

=1838.=—National debt paid—surplus revenue divided among the States. President enjoins neutrality during Canadian Rebellion.

=1839.=—United States Bank suspends payment. Disturbances on the Northeastern boundaries of Maine.

=1840.=—Sub-Treasury bill passed. Sixth official census; population 17,069,453. Gen’l Harrison, Whig, elected President. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” campaign. =1826.=—Extensive Internal Improvements under the leadership of Clay. The Fiftieth Anniversary of American Independence. Death of Adams and Jefferson. Webster delivers his celebrated eulogy on them.

=1827.=—Experimenting on the construction of a railroad.

=1828.=—Tariff amended and Duties increased. Jackson elected President.

=1829.=—Webster’s great speech against Nullification. Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Brazil. Jackson inaugurated. “To the victor belongs the spoils.”

=1830.=—Treaty with Turkey, securing for the United States freedom of the Black Sea. Treaty between the United States and Ottoman Porte. Fifth official census: population 12,866,020.

=1831.=—Building railroads actively.

=1832.=—Treaty of Commerce with Russia. Treaty of Commerce and Boundary with Mexico. Bill for re-chartering United States Bank vetoed by President Jackson. His proclamation against Nullifiers. Resignation of John C. Calhoun. Black Hawk War commences. South Carolina declares the doctrine of nullification. Representatives 240.

=1833.=—Andrew Jackson commences his second administration. Gen. Santa Anna elected President of Mexico. Public deposits removed from the United States Bank by the President, and distributed among certain State banks. Secretary of Treasury, W. P. Duane, refusing to carry out the policy, is removed. Lucifer, or Locofoco matches introduced, and the Democrats called “Locofocos.”

=1834.=—President Jackson censured by Congress for removing Government deposits.—France and Portugal, slow in paying for injuries done United States commerce, are brought to terms by the President.

=1835.=—War with Seminoles.

=1836.=—Office of Commissioner of Patents created. Treaty of Friendship and Commerce with Venezuela. Charter for United States Bank expires. Not renewed. Financial trouble brewing. Martin VanBuren, Democrat, elected President.

=1837.=—The Independence of Texas acknowledged. Issue of $10,000,000 Treasury notes authorized. President refuses to remit the regulation regarding the “Specie Circular.” Financial panic follows, banks suspend Specie Payments in March, and resume in July. VanBuren inaugurated.

=1838.=—National debt paid—surplus revenue divided among the States. President enjoins neutrality during Canadian Rebellion.

=1839.=—United States Bank suspends payment. Disturbances on the Northeastern boundaries of Maine.

=1840.=—Sub-Treasury bill passed. Sixth official census; population 17,069,453. Gen’l Harrison, Whig, elected President. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” campaign.

=1841.=—Congress meets in extra session. Imprisonment for debts due the United States abolished. Central Bankrupt Law passed. A loan of $12,000,000 authorized. Sub-Treasury Act repealed. Revenues received from public lands ordered to be distributed among the States. Two bills for re-chartering the United States Bank vetoed. All members of the Cabinet, except Mr. Webster, resign. Failure of United States Bank under Pennsylvania charter. Harrison dies; Tyler succeeds him.

=1842.=—The Dover Insurrection in Rhode Island. The Seminole war terminated. Treaty with England settling NorthEastern boundary question. Senate ratifies the Ashburton-Webster Treaty. Ratio of representation fixed at 70,680; Representatives 223. United States fiscal year ordered to begin with July 1st.

=1843.=—$30,000 appropriated for the construction of Morse’s Electric Telegraph between Washington and Baltimore.

=1844.=—First message by the electric telegraph. James K. Polk, Democrat, elected President.

=1845.=—Anti-rent riots in New York. The first Tuesday after the first Monday in November on which to hold Presidential elections. Treaty made with China. Speech of Mr. Cass on NorthWestern boundary of Oregon. Annexation of Texas, and war with Mexico.

=1846.=—Hostilities commence with Mexico. New Mexico annexed to the United States, 10,000,000 voted; and 50,000 men called out, to carry on the war. The Wilmot Proviso, Tariff on Imports reduced. Treaty settling Northwestern boundary. Congress declared the war “existed by act of Mexico.”

=1847.=—The city of Mexico taken by Americans under General Scott. War rages with Mexico.

=1848.=—Congress ratifies Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Postal Treaty with England negotiated; concluded in 1849. Peace with Mexico declared, July 4th. Zachary Taylor, Whig, elected President. Upper California ceded to United States. First deposit of California gold in the mint.

=1849.=—The French Embassador dismissed from Washington. Taylor inaugurated, dies; Fillmore succeeds him.

=1850.=—The Fugitive Slave Act passed. Texas boundary settled by payment of $10,000,000 to Texas. New Mexico and Utah admitted as territories. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia. Webster’s great speech on the Union delivered in reply to Hayne. Treaty of Amity and Commerce with Switzerland. Treaty with England securing a transit over Panama. Seventh census; population 23,191,876.

=1851.=—Southern Rights Convention at South Carolina. A Cheap Postage Law enacted. Kossuth visits United States.

=1852.=—Ratio of Representation fixed at 93,423; members, 237. Dispute with England in regard to fisheries. Henry Clay and Daniel Webster died this year. Franklin Pierce, Democrat, elected President.

=1853.=—Pierce inaugurated. A partisan inaugural address.

=1854.=—Congress passes the Kansas-Nebraska bill. United States Neutral on the Eastern Question.

=1854.=—Treaty of Reciprocity with England. Commercial Treaty with Japan concluded through Commodore Perry. American party formed.

=1855.=—The Court of Claims established. Election troubles in Kansas. U. S. steamer “Waterwitch” fired on, on the Paraguay. Passmore Williamson released from three months imprisonment in the Wheeler Slave Case.

=1856.=—Quebec made the seat of Canadian government, P. W. Geary confirmed as Governor of Kansas. Extra session of Congress adjourns. 133 ballots required to elect Nathaniel P. Banks Speaker of the House. Mr. Brooks of S. C., assaults Senator Summer in the Senate Chamber. British envoy ordered to leave Washington. Great excitement in Congress on the Slavery question and over the admission of Kansas and Nebraska. Republican party formed. James Buchanan, Democrat, elected President.

=1857.=—A great Financial Panic; 5,123 Commercial Failures. Buchanan inaugurated; pays 8 and 10 per cent. for loans. The Dred Scott Decision delivered by Chief Justice Taney. R. J. Walker appointed Governor of Kansas.

=1858.=—Congress passes the English Kansas Bill but State refuses to accept. Treaty of amity with China.

=1858.=—First Atlantic Cable laid; second in 1866. U. S. Army defeats the Mormons in Utah. Minnesota State Government organized. Nicaragua seeks the protection of the United States.

=1859.=—John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry, Va., his capture and execution.

=1860.=—Ratio of Representation fixed at 127,000. Crittenden Compromise introduced and defeated. Prince of Wales visits the United States. Senators and Federal Officers from the South favoring disunion, resign. President Buchanan denies the right of a State to secede, and declines to receive the South Carolina Commission. Eighth census; population 31,443,321. Abraham Lincoln, Republican, elected President. The “Palmetto Flag” hoisted in Charleston harbor. Georgia appropriates $1,000,000 to another state. Maj. Anderson takes possession of Fort Sumter.

=1861.=—Congress meets in Special Session. The President calls the volunteers and $400,000,000 to put down the Rebellion. Jacob Thompson, Secretary of Interior, resigns. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas passed secession ordinances. John A. Dix appointed Secretary of Treasury, vice Thomas, resigned. Jeff Davis resigns his seat in the U. S. Senate.

Southern Confederacy formed at Montgomery, Ala. Peace Congress meets at Washington. Jeff Davis elected President of Southern Confederacy. Gen. Twiggs expelled from the army for treason. Peace Congress adjourned after a stormy session—accomplished nothing. Beauregard takes command at Charleston, S. C.; and stops intercourse between Fort Sumter and Charleston. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 volunteers. Jeff Davis offers letters of marque to privateers. President Lincoln declares the Southern ports in a state of blockade. Virginia proclaimed a member of the Southern Confederacy. McClellan placed in command of the Department of Ohio. Arkansas secedes. England acknowledges the insurgent States as belligerents. North Carolina secedes; Kentucky declares neutrality. Tennessee secedes. Federal troops cross the Potomac. All postal services in the seceded States suspended. Gen. McClellan assumes command in West Virginia. The Wheeling Government, Virginia, acknowledged by the President. July 4, Congress meets in extra session. Fremont appointed to command of Western Department. Nine Southern members expelled from U. S. Senate.

Confiscation bill passed. Congress adjourns. President suspends all commerce with seceded States. President Lincoln orders Gen. Fremont to modify his emancipation proclamation. Secession members of Maryland Legislature sent to Fort McHenry. Gen. Scott resigns as Commander-in-Chief; Gen. McClellan succeeds him. C. S. Congress convened at Richmond, Va. Breckinridge expelled from U. S. Senate for treason. New York and Boston banks suspend specie payment.

=1862.=—Slavery prohibited in the Territories. Internal Revenue Bill passed. Polygamy forbidden in United Stales. Union Pacific Railroad chartered. Department of Agriculture organized. A draft of 300,000 men to serve for nine months, ordered by the Secretary of war; 600,000 volunteers called. Mason and Slidell delivered to the British Minister. E. M. Stanton appointed Secretary of war, vice Cameron, resigned. Cameron nominated Minister to Russia, vice Clay, resigned. Jesse D. Bright expelled from U. S. Senate. Jefferson Davis inaugurated President of the Southern Confederacy. Brigham Young elected Governor of Deseret, Utah. National Tax Bill passed U. S. House of Representatives. Gen. Halleck (July 11) appointed commander of all land forces. Martial law declared in Cincinnati. McClellan, Sept. 7, takes command in person of Potomac Army. Sept. 22, President Lincoln issues his Emancipation Proclamation. Habeas Corpus suspended by U. S. Government. Nov. 5, Gen. Burnside succeeds McClellan. All political prisoners released. Nov. 22, West Virginia admitted as a state.

=1863.=—Jan. 1.—Lincoln declares all the slaves free. Bureau of Currency and National Banks established. Death of “Stonewall” Jackson. First colored regiment from the north leaves Boston. A loan of $900,000,000 ten-forties authorized. Proclamation issued. Gen. Grant takes command of the West. Slavery abolished by Proclamation.

=1864.=—Fugitive Slave Law repealed. A draft of 500,000 men ordered, and 700,000 men called for, 85,000 men accepted from Governors of Western States. Lincoln re-elected President. Gen. Grant appointed to command U. S. Armies.

=1865.=—The 13th Amendment passed. Amnesty Proclamation issued. Blockade of Southern ports ended. $98,000,000 subscribed to the 7:30 loan during the week ending May 13. A day of fasting on account of the death of President Lincoln. All the nation in mourning. Lee surrenders to Grant. Johnson succeeds Lincoln.

=1866.=—Freedman’s Bureau Bill and Civil Rights Bill passed. 14th Amendment passed. Proclamation of Peace. Colorado bill vetoed. Suffrage given to colored men in District of Columbia.

=1867.=—Southern States organized into Military Districts. Military Government Bill and Tenure-of-Office Bill passed. Treaty with Russia for purchase of Alaska concluded, price $7,200,000. Nebraska admitted as a State. Reconstruction bill passed over President Johnson’s veto. Russian American Treaty approved by the Senate. Jeff Davis released on bail. Congress meets in extra session. Supplementary Reconstruction Bill passed, over veto.

=1868.=—Impeachment trial of President Johnson ends in acquittal. Fourteenth Amendment declared part of the Constitution. Proclamation of Political Amnesty issued. Grant, Republican, elected President. Congress meets. Senate bill passed for the reduction of the army. Bill passed to abolish tax on manufactures. The Chinese Embassy received by the President. Bill passed Senate for admission of S. States. Commencement of difficulties between U. S. Ambassador and the Government of Paraguay. The Senate ratifies the Chinese Treaty. Freedman’s Bureau Bill passed over Johnson’s veto. Laws of United States extended over Alaska. Failure of the Atlantic Cable of 1866. President Johnson issues a universal amnesty proclamation.

=1869.=—Central Pacific and Union Pacific railroads completed.—1,913 miles in length. United States Supreme Court decides Internal Revenue laws constitutional. The Copper Tariff Bill passed over the veto. Passage of the Reconstruction Bill. Indiana Supreme Court decide National Bank currency taxable. Female Suffrage Bill passed by Wyoming Legislature. E. M. Stanton confirmed as Judge of United States Supreme Court.

=1870.=—Fifteenth Amendment passed. Recall of the Russian Minister, Catacazy, requested. Proclamation against Fenian raids into Canada issued. Ninth census, population 38,555,883. Bill passed for the readmission of Virginia. Legal Tender Act declared unconstitutional. The Saint Thomas treaty expires by limitation. The North Pacific R. R. Bill becomes a law. Bill to abolish Franking privilege defeated. The San Domingo Treaty rejected by the Senate. The new Constitution of Illinois adopted.

=1871.=—Congress passes Bill against Ku-Klux, also Enforcement Bill. The United States Senate passes the San Domingo Commission Bill. The $300,000, on Five Per Cent. Refunding Bill passed by the House. Congress admits the Georgia Senators. Deadlock in Indiana Legislature; thirty-four Republicans resign. The Forty-first Congress expires; Forty-second organized. Alabama Claims $12,830,384. Expenses of the United States census reported at $3,287,600. The Apportionment Bill passed by Congress.

=1872.=—Tax and Tariff Bill passed diminishing Revenue. Ratio of Representation fixed at 131,425; Representatives limited to 293. General Amnesty Bill signed. $15,500,000 awarded the United States by Geneva Tribunal. Emperor William of Germany decides the San Juan Question in favor of the United States. Salary Retroactive Act passed. First repeal of the Franking privilege. Federal officers are forbidden to hold State Offices. Suspension of the Bank of Jay Cook & Co., causes a financial panic. Modoc War.

=1874.=—Political excitement in Louisiana. Grant vetoes the Finance Bill. United States Senate passes Civil Rights Bill. Currency Bill vetoed. Fillmore and Sumner die.

=1875.=—Senate ratifies the Treaty with Hawaii. Civil Rights Bill passed. New Treaty with Belgium concluded. Financial trouble continued. Louisiana Legislative hall taken possession of by United States troops. Colorado admitted as a State.

=1876.=—Centennial Bill appropriating $15,000,000 passed. Secretary Belknap impeached by the House, acquitted by the Senate. Postal Treaty with Japan. Termination of the English Extradition Treaty announced.

=1877.=—Electoral Commission decided in favor of Hays. Spanish Extradition Treaty announced. Federal troops recalled from the South. Nez Perces War.

=1878.=—Silver Bill. Halifax Fishing Award; Ben Butler opposes it.

=1879.=—Specie payment. Negro exodus begins. Ute War.

=1880.=—Election of Garfield as President, the October election in Ohio and Indiana virtually deciding the issue in advance.

=1881.=—Assassination of President Garfield by Charles J. Guiteau; Vice-President Arthur succeeds him. Resignation of Senators Conkling and Platt, of New York.

=1882.=—Extended trial and final conviction of Guiteau, who set up the plea that his assassination of President Garfield was due to an irresistible pressure from Deity. Nomination of Roscoe Conkling to the Supreme Court. Blaine’s eulogy on Garfield. The Mormon issue revived by Edmunds’ Bill; Chinese issue revived by bill to prevent their immigration for twenty years. California and Nevada make a holiday of Saturday, March 4, and devote it to mass meetings, which said “the Chinese must go.” March 1, Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, makes a great speech against Chinese Bill; Senator Miller, of California, replies.

=1883.=—Jefferson Davis replies to ex-Judge Jeremiah S. Black’s article on “Secession Secrets.” Death of ex-Attorney-General Black.

=1884.=—Nomination of James G. Blaine, and John A. Logan, at Chicago, for President and Vice-President, who were defeated by Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks. Death of Hon. Charles J. Folger, Secretary of the Treasury.

=1885.=—General Ulysses S. Grant, ex-President of the United States, died at Mt. McGregor, July 22d, after a lingering and most painful illness of many months. Death of Vice-President Thomas A. Hendricks, and election of Hon. John Sherman as Acting Vice-President of the United States.

=1886.=—Marriage of Grover Cleveland and Miss Frances Folsom at the Executive Mansion; and death of General George B. McClellan, General Winfield Scott Hancock, ex-Governor Samuel J. Tilden—all three of whom had been nominated for President of the United States; McClellan in 1864, Tilden in 1876, and Hancock in 1880.

=1887.=—High License Campaign in Pennsylvania; liquor men resisted and formed Personal Liberty Leagues; Republicans contended for High License and Sunday Laws, and won by 46,000 majority. Death of General Philip Sheridan. In December, at opening of Congress, President Cleveland sent in an Annual Message devoted alone to Revenue Reform; Mr. Blaine wired an answer from Paris in favor of Protection, and in this way the issue was opened.

=1888.=—Re-nomination of President Cleveland on Tariff for Revenue platform; the Republicans nominated General Benjamin Harrison on a Protective platform. A brilliant campaign followed and resulted in a Republican victory. Warner Miller led a High License battle for Governor of New York; beaten by Governor Hill by 18,000 majority. Delaware elected Anthony Higgins, a Republican, for United States Senator.

=1889.=—Admission by Congress as States of North and South Dakota, Montana and Washington, making 42 in all. The Pan-American Congress assembled in Washington. Representatives of nearly all the Central and South American governments attended. International Marine Conference also assembled. Race troubles in the Southern States. Death of Jefferson Davis.

=1890.=—Death of Hon. William D. Kelly, known as “The Father of the House,” after a service of thirty years in Congress.

The McKinley Tariff Bill and the Anti-Lottery Bill become laws. Democratic “tidal wave” in the fall elections, overturning the Republican majority in the House of Representatives and the State governments in many heretofore reliable Republican States.

=1892.=—Re-nomination of President Harrison and nomination of Whitelaw Reid at Minneapolis, for President and Vice-President. Re-nomination of ex-President Cleveland and nomination of Adlai Stevenson at Chicago, for President and Vice-President.

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INDEX.