Part 4

64 Trientalis arctica Fisch. Arctic Star-Flower 230 64 Dodecatheon conjugens Greene. Shooting-Star 230

65 Gentiana affinis Griseb. Large Gentian 234 65 Romanzoffia sitchensis Bong. Romanzoffia 234

66 Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray. Mountain Phacelia 238 66 Phacelia heterophylla Pursh Phacelia heterophylla 238

67 Lappula floribunda (Lehm.) Greene. False Forget-me-not 242 67 Lithospermum linearifolium Goldie. Narrow-Leaved Puccoon 242

68 Collinsia parviflora Dougl. Small-Flowered Collinsia 248 68 Elephantella grœnlandica (Retz.) Rydb. Long-Beaked Elephantella 248

69 Pentstemon confertus Dougl. Yellow Beard-Tongue 250 69 Pentstemon pseudohumilis Rydb. Pentstemon pseudohumilis 250

70 Pentstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene. Large Purple Beard-Tongue 262 70 Pinguicula vulgaris L. Butterwort 262

71 Linnæa americana Forbes. American Twin-Flower 266 71 Lonicera ebractulata Rydb. Fly Honeysuckle 266

72 Lonicera involucrata (Rich.) Banks. Involucred Fly Honeysuckle 270

73 Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Wild Heliotrope 272 73 Lobelia Kalmii strictiflora Rydb. Brook Lobelia 272

74 Hieracium umbellatum L. Narrow-Leaved Hawk-weed 276 74 Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. Agoseris aurantiaca 276

75 Erigeron acris L. Blue Fleabane 288 75 Erigeron salsuginosus (Rich.) A. Gray. Large Purple Fleabane 288 75 Saussurea densa Hook. Saussurea 288

76 Erigeron discoideus Rydb. Cut-Leaved Fleabane 292 76 Erigeron melanocephalus A. Nelson. Black-Headed Fleabane 292 76 Erigeron multifidus Rydb. Cut-Leaved Fleabane 292

77 Aster Lindleyanus T. & G. _Aster Lindleyanus 298

78 Erigeron aureus Greene. Golden Fleabane 302 78 Gaillardia aristata Pursh. Great-Flowered Gaillardia 302

79 Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heart-Leaved Arnica 304 79 Arnica louiseana Farr. Pale-Flowered Arnica 304

GLOSSARY

ACAULESCENT: with stem so short that leaves appear to arise directly from root. ACHENE: a small, dry, one-seeded indehiscent, seed-like fruit. ACUMINATE: tapering gradually to a point. ACUTE: with an abrupt point. ADNATE: growing together as the stamens with the petals, or the anthers with the filament. ALTERNATE: (leaves) not opposite but arising at different points on the stem. Stamens are alternate with petals when they are situated in the intervals. ANTHER: the part of the stamen which contains the pollen. APICAL: pertaining to the top or apex. AURICULATE: with ear-like appendages at base. AXIAL: pertaining to an axis.

BILABIATE: two-lipped. BLADE: the expanded portion of a leaf. BRACT: a modified and usually small leaf at the base of a flower or flower-cluster. In the latter case it is usually associated with others. BRACTEOLATE: furnished with small bracts.

CÆSPITOSE: growing in tufts. CALYX: the outer whorl of floral leaves forming usually a green cup. CAMPANULATE: bell-shaped. CANESCENT: greyish-white, due usually to fine hairs. CAPILLARY: hair-like. CAPITATE: arranged in a head; knob-like. CAPSULE: a dry, dehiscent seed-vessel. CARPEL: a pistil-leaf. The pistil is regarded as being composed of one or more such carpels. CATKIN: the scaly, cylindrical flower-cluster of Willow, Birch, etc. CAUDATE: with a tail-like appendage. CAUDEX: the perennial rootstock of an otherwise annual plant. CHARTACEOUS: papery or parchment-like. CILIATE: fringed with marginal hairs. CINEREOUS: ashen or greyish. CLEISTOGAMIC: (flowers) never opening as the late flowers of violets, etc. CONNATE: united. CORDATE: heart-shaped. CORIACEOUS: leathery. CORM: a solid bulb. CORYMBOSE: with a flat-topped or convex flower-cluster, the flower-stalks of which arise at different points on the axis, and of which the outermost flowers are the oldest. CRENATE: with rounded teeth. CRENULATE: with small rounded teeth. CUNEATE: wedge-shaped. CUSPIDATE: ending in a sharp, hard point. CYME: a flat-topped or convex flower-cluster, the flower-stalks of which arise at different points on the axis, and of which the innermost flowers are the oldest.

DECIDUOUS: subject to fall, as leaves of most trees and calyx and corolla of most flowers before the fruit forms. DECUMBENT: (stems) reclining on the ground with summit tending to rise. DECURRENT: (leaves) with base prolonged below insertion and forming a sort of wing. DELTOID: broadly triangular. DENTATE: toothed, usually with teeth projecting outwards. DENTICULATE: with little, outwardly projecting teeth. DIŒCIOUS: having staminate and pistillate flowers on separate plants. DISC: the central part of a head as opposed to the ray, e. g., in the sun-flower. Also a fleshy expansion of the receptacle of the flower. DRUPE: a stone-fruit. DRUPELET: a small stone-fruit.

ELLIPTIC: with the outline of an ellipse. ENTIRE: with the margin even and not toothed, lobed, or divided. EROSE: irregularly margined.

FIMBRIATE: fringed. FLOCCOSE: with loose tufts of wool-like hairs. FOLIACEOUS: leaf-like. FOLLICLE: a fruit of one carpel (pistil-leaf) which splits only by one suture. FUSIFORM: spindle-shaped.

GALEA: a helmet-shaped body. GLANDULAR: with small prominences which appear to have a secreting function. GLAUCOUS: covered with a bluish or white bloom. GLOBOSE: spherical.

INCISED: sharply and irregularly cut into. INDUSIUM: the membrane covering the fruit-dots of ferns. INFERIOR: (side of flower) the one away from the axis of the flower-cluster; (ovary) united with the calyx tube, the other floral parts apparently growing from its summit. INFLORESCENCE: the mode of arrangement of flowers on the stem; the flower-cluster. INTERNODE: the portion of the stem between the places where the leaves arise. INVOLUCRE: a whorl of small leaves at the base of a flower or flower-cluster.

KEEL: the lower petals of the peculiar corolla of the pea, etc., which are united in the form of the keel of a boat.

LACINIATE: with deep, triangular, narrow lobes. LANATE: woolly. LANCEOLATE: narrow and tapering at each end. LATERAL: pertaining to the side. LEAFLET: one of the divisions of the blade of a compound leaf. LINEAR: narrow and flat with the margins parallel. LYRATE: lyre-shaped.

MONŒCIOUS: having the separate staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant. MUCRONATE: with a short, abrupt point.