Section Three, Providing for Intercourse With St. Domingo, Debated, 334;

strange proposition, 335; our non-intercourse affects the mother country, and it is proposed to relax it by way of the colonies, 335; or to negotiate with French agents in the colonies, and thus encourage rebellion and usurpation, 335; these agents independent of the decrees of France, 335; they may carry on commerce with this country even if at open war with France, 335; statement of the relation of affairs, 336; objects of this bill twofold, 337; reason for the passage of the bill at the last session, 337; weakness now to recede, 337; measures proposed are justifiable only in a state of war, 337; the question, 337; various reasons for the section in the bill, 338, 339; review of the relations between France and her colonies, 399; note, 399; advantages of commerce with Hispaniola, 340; this bill will authorize the President to negotiate with subordinate agents of a government against the will of that government, 341; it might produce war, 341; important considerations urged, 341; this measure is not so obnoxious as to be considered by France a cause of war, 342; consequences of the independence of St. Domingo, 342; the amendment changes the principle of the bill, 343; examination of the effects of the amendment, 343; if any part of the French dominions cease to depredate on our commerce, we might open intercourse with them, 344; the ground upon which we stand, 344; design of the amendment to take away the objection that the bill was calculated to promote independence of St. Domingo, 345; extent of the amendment, 345; further debate, 346; amendment negatived, 347; amendment proposed relative to part of New Orleans, 347; bill passed, 347.

French edict relative to neutrals; call for information respecting its suspension, 356; answer of the President, 357; motion to print discussed, 357.

Despatches of American Ministers.--Note, as an appendix to debates of Fifth Congress, 389; extract of a letter from Mr. Pinckney to the Secretary of State, 389; ditto to M. De la Croix, 390; report of Major Rutledge on the interview with M. De la Croix, 390; further report, 391; notification from M. De la Croix to General Pinckney, 392; reply of General Pinckney, 392; remarks of General Pinckney, 392; interview with Talleyrand, 392; proceedings of Talleyrand's agents, 393, 394, 395, 396; letter of General Pinckney to the Secretary of State, 397; remarks on the disavowal of Talleyrand, 397; members of the Directory, 398.

FRANKLIN, JESSE, Representative from North Carolina, 14; Senator from North Carolina, 404, 541, 661. See Index, vol. 1.

FREEMAN, JONATHAN, Representative from New Hampshire, 120, 180, 326, 429, 497; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 129.

FREEMAN, NATHANIEL, Jr., Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 120. See Index, vol. 1.

French Refugees.--See Index, vol. 1.

French Republic, ratification of Convention with, 492.

French Spoliations.--Resolution that provision be made for indemnification for losses sustained by French spoliations, considered, 642; the principle must be decided by the House, 643; the resolution so broad as to defeat its object, 643; it goes to commit the House to the whole extent without any examination, 643; reasons for speedy action, 643; object of the resolution to place the question in a train for decision, 643; it is founded on the principle that Government has abandoned the claim, so that no citizen can come forward against the French Government, or any French citizen, 643; further debate, 644; a large portion of the losses so covered by insurance, the Government will not have to pay them, 645; further debate, 646; motion to postpone lost, 647; report made, 655; further remarks, 726; resolution, 727; amendments proposed, 732; lost, 732; discussion on calling yeas and nays on taking up for reference the original resolution, 732; referred, 733; a question of great moment, 733; debate on postponement, 733, 734; motion to take up, 743; lost, 744.

Friends or Quakers, memorial of, 182; report on, 209.

Frontiers, Protection of.--See Index, vol. 1.

Fugitives from justice.--See Index, vol. 1.

Furniture for President's House, see Appropriations.

GALLATIN, ALBERT, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429; on the address to the President, 32; on a direct tax on slaves, 52, 54; on naval policy, 68; on increase of duties on sugar, 71, 72, 73; on increase of duties on salt, 74; on naval appropriations, 78; on direct and indirect taxes, 82; on limitation period relative to claims against United States, 85; on suability of the States, 86; on the accommodation of the President, 92; on military and naval appropriations, 93, 94, 95, 98, 106; on naval appropriations, 100, 104, 105; proposes resolutions relative to statements from War Department, 105; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 140; on resolutions relative to defensive measures, 144, 146; on arming merchant vessels, 147; on expatriation, 151; on a naval armament, 153; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 158, 160, 161; proposes composition with banks in lieu of tax, 162; on additional duty on salt, 163, 164; offers proviso against increase in bounties to fishermen, 163; on address to the President, 182; on the Quakers' memorial, 184; against weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on naval expenditure, 197; on foreign intercourse, 200, 204; on the report on the Griswold and Lyon case, 215, 216; on the limits of Georgia, 223; on relations with France, 229; on a provisional army, 243, 247; on establishing the Navy Department, 248; on military appropriations, 252, 253; to postpone consideration of naturalization laws, 260; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 264; on a temporary direct tax, 266; on the classes to be excluded from citizenship, 277, 278; on bill relative to treatment of alien enemies, 282, 284; on the consideration of the bill relative to the protection of commerce, 290; on intercourse with France, 293; relative to letters of marque, 298; on direct taxes, 302; on alien enemies, 305; on the sedition bill, 308; on the abrogation of the treaty with France, 311, 312, 315; on intercourse with France and St. Domingo, 337, 343, 345; on increase of the navy, 348; on the capture of French vessels, 359; on repeal of alien and sedition laws, 365; on the expulsion of Matthew Lyon, 370; on repeal of alien law, 373; on the law of retaliation, 385; on petition of free blacks, 440, 444; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 449, 452, 455. See Index, vol. 1.

GANTT, Rev. Mr., elected chaplain to the Senate, 544, 694.

GATES, proposal for a monument to, 725.

Georgia, vote for President, 62, 487.

Georgia limits.--See Territories.

Georgia, remonstrance of, report of committee on, 331; compensation recommended, 331; points of the remonstrance, 331; comparative expenditure in defending northern and southern frontiers from depredations of Indians, 332; amended resolution proposed, 348; carried, 348; report on, 537.

German language, laws in, motion to print, 165; reason for the motion, 165; if a translation was authorized, great mischiefs might ensue, 165.

GERRY, ELBRIDGE, letter from Paris, 304.--See Index, vol. 1

GILBERT, EZEKIEL, Representative from New York, 14; on the address to the President, 32; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 59; on military and naval appropriations, 107. See Index, vol. 1.

GILES, WM. B., Representative from Virginia, 17, 120, 569; on the address to the President, 17, 21, 23, 27, 32; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 43; on answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 124, 137; on resolution relative to defensive measures, 144, 146; on expatriation, 151-152; on a naval armament, 154; on tax on lawyers, 156; on the Griswold and Lyon case, 214; on the limits of Georgia, 223; on relations with France, 227, 232, 234, 236, 240, 241; on protection against the Barbary powers, 571; on apportionment bill, 573; on the Mediterranean trade, 586; in favor of repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 603; on Ohio State Government, 648, 649, 650. See Index, vol. 1.

GILLESPIE, JAMES, Representative from North Carolina, 16, 120, 189. See Index, vol. 1.

GILMAN, NICHOLAS, Representative from New Hampshire, 14. See Index, vol. 1.

GLENN, HENRY, Representative from New York, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497. See Index, vol. 1.

GODDARD, CALVIN, Representative from Connecticut, 569, 693; on call for information relative to cession of Louisiana, 705, 718.

GOODE, SAMUEL, Representative from Virginia, 433; on petition of free blacks, 442.

GOODHUE, BENJAMIN, Senator from Massachusetts, 3, 113, 165, 321, 399. See Index, vol. 1.

GOODRICH, CHAUNCEY, Representative from Connecticut, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 505; on a direct tax on slaves, 53. See Index, vol. 1.

GOODRICH, ELIZUR, Representative from Connecticut, 429, 497.

GORDON, WILLIAM, Representative from New Hampshire, 121, 180, 326, 429; on duties on naturalization certificates, 155; on the Quakers' Memorial, 180; against weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on the Georgia limits, 221, 222; on abrogation of treaty with France, 313.

GRAY, EDWIN, Representative from Virginia, 498, 569, 694.

Great Britain, retaliatory measures upon, see Index, vol. 1.

GREEN, ASHBEL, appointed chaplain to the House, 169.

GREEN, THOMAS M., delegate from Mississippi Territory, 693.

GREENE, RAY, Senator from Rhode Island, 165, 321, 485; resigns his seat in Senate, 491.

GREENUP, CHRISTOPHER, Representative from Kentucky, 14; on land for Canadian Refugees, 45. See Index, vol. 1.

GREGG, ANDREW, Representative from Pennsylvania, 17, 121, 188, 429, 498, 570, 693; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 738. See Index, vol. 1.

GRISWOLD, ROGER, Representative from Connecticut, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 131; against weekly licenses to distillers, 194; assault on Matthew Lyon, 209; Griswold and Lyon, case of, see Breach of Privilege. On mausoleum to Washington, 503; on reporting the debates, 508; on ratio of representation, 572; on public printing, 573; on Georgia limits, 577; on Mediterranean Trade, 585; on the collection of international revenue, 588; on French spoliations, 642, 644; on Ohio State Government, 650; on unauthorized purchase of navy yards, 656; on the call for papers relative to the cession of Louisiana to France by Spain, 698, 700, 703, 705, 713, 714; on petitions of United States Judges, 728. See Index, vol. 1.

GROVE, WILLIAM BARRY, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 121, 179, 502, 581, 696. See Index, vol. 1.

GUNN, JAMES, Senator from Georgia, 3, 119, 165, 321, 398. See Index, vol. 1.

HANCOCK, GEORGE, Representative from Virginia, 44. See Index, vol. 1.

HANGING MAW, petition of widow of, 96.

HANNA, JOHN ANDRE, Representative from Pennsylvania, 120, 180, 326, 429, 498, 569, 694.

HARPER, ROBERT G., Representative from South Carolina, 121, 179, 326, 429, 498; on a national university, 35; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 41; on petition of Hugh L. White, 49; on a direct tax on slaves, 53; on naval policy, 68; on increase of duties on salt, 74-75; on suability of the States, 86, 88; on naval appropriations, 105; on liberation of La Fayette, 110; on military and naval appropriations, 107; on defensive measures, 147; on a naval establishment, 154; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 160; on additional duty on salt, 164; on the Quakers' Memorial, 183; on the expenditure for the naval service, 195; on relief to daughters of Count de Grasse, 195; on appropriation for foreign intercourse, 200, 204; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 211, 215; on diplomatic intercourse, 216; on the limits of Georgia, 218, 221; moves amendment relative to importation of slaves in Mississippi Territory, 224, note, 224; on relations with France, 226, 234, 239; on a provisional army, 245; on establishing the Navy Department, 250; on the naturalization laws, 253, 254; against taking new census before laying direct tax, 265; relative to letters of marque, 297; on the sedition bill, 306, 308; on abrogation of treaty with France, 315; on intercourse with France, 320, 336, 345; on increase of the navy, 351; on relations with France, 356; on the capture of French vessels, 360; on petitions relative to repeal of alien and sedition laws, 364; asks leave to bring in a bill to amend direct tax law, 433; on petition of free blacks, 439; on the case of Jonathan Bobbins, 451, 454; on admirals in the navy, 474; for a mausoleum to Washington, 513, 516, 517; on jurisdiction over District of Columbia, 520, 521. See Index, vol. 1.

HARRISON, CARTER B., Representative from Virginia, 14, 120, 180, 329; advocates weekly licenses to distillers, 194. See Index, vol. 1.

HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, Representative from North West Territory, 430; credentials referred to committee, 432.

HARTLEY, THOMAS, Representative from Pennsylvania, 11, 120, 179, 329; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 40, 41, 42, 43; on lands for Canadian refugees, 44; on a direct tax on slaves, 55; on the compensation of President and other officers, 61; on the accommodation of the President, 89; on military appropriations, 98, 99; on naval appropriations, 100; on liberation of La Fayette, 108; on answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 141; on the limits of Georgia, 223; on intercourse with France, 344; decease reported to the House, 521. See Index, vol. 1.

HATHORN, JOHN, Representative from New York, 34. See Index, vol. 1.

HAVENS, JONATHAN N., Representative from New York, 14, 120, 179, 326. See Index, vol. 1.

HASTINGS, SETH, Representative from Massachusetts, 693.

HEATH, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 14; on the address to the President, 20; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 58; on the accommodation of the President, 89, 90; on military and naval appropriations, 106; on liberation of Lafayette, 109. See Index, vol. 1.

HEISTER, DANIEL, Representative from Maryland, 694

HEISTER, JOSEPH, Representative from Pennsylvania, 188, 429, 497, 569, 693.

HELMS, WILLIAM, Representative from New Jersey, 569, 693.

HEMPHILL, JOSEPH, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 693; on call for information relative to cession of Louisiana, 704.

HENDERSON, ARCHIBALD, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 120, 179, 429, 498, 569, 694; on the accommodation of the President, 88, 92; against the repeal of the Judiciary Establishment, 597.

HENDERSON, PLEASANT, claim to certain lands, 518.

HENRY, JOHN, Senator from Maryland, 3, 117; vote for, as President in 1796, 63. See Index, vol. 1.

HILL, WILLIAM H., Representative from North Carolina, 429, 500, 570, 696; on petition of free blacks, 438; on reporting the debates, 501.

HILLHOUSE, JAMES, Senator from Connecticut, 3, 118, 171, 323, 399, 481, 544, 664; elected President of Senate pro tem., 488. See Index, vol. 1.

HINDMAN, WILLIAM, Representative from Maryland, 14, 120, 179, 327. See Index, vol. 1.

HOBART, JOHN SLOSS, Senator from New York, 171; resigns, 172.

HOGE, WILLIAM, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 693.

HOLLAND, JAMES, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 570, 693; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 59; on increase of duties, 71, 74; on increase of duties on salt, 75; on the accommodation of the President, 90; on naval appropriations, 100.

HOLMES, DAVID, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; on printing the laws in the German language, 165.

HOSMER, HEZEKIAH L., Representative from New York, 120, 179, 326.

House, secret session of, 79; adjourns at close of fourth Congress, 111; answer to President Adams' first message, 123; answer as delivered to President Adams' first message, 143; answer to President's message, 180; answer to President's message to third session, fifth Congress, 329; note on, 330; address in answer to President's message, 431; thanks to General Lee for eulogium on memory of Washington, 436; refuses to accompany Senate to hear eulogium on Washington, 447; answer to President's message second session, sixth Congress, 499; proceedings relative to purchase of Louisiana, 721; tenders thanks to Speaker Macon, 744.

HOWARD, JOHN E., Senator from Maryland, 6, 114, 171, 323, 403, 481, 540, 661; chosen President of Senate pro tem., 481.

HUGER, BENJAMIN, Representative from South Carolina, 572, 694; for a mausoleum to Washington, 516; on collection of internal revenue, 588; on call for papers relative to cession of Louisiana, 699, 719; on considering the French spoliations, 733; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 736.

HUNT, SAMUEL, Representative from New Hampshire, 693.

HUNTER, JOHN, Senator from South Carolina, 6, 114.

HUNTER, NARSWORTHY, Delegate from Mississippi, 569; decease of, 640.

IMLAY, JAMES H., Representative from New Jersey, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497.

Impressment of Seamen, message in relation to, 333.

Imprisonment for debt.--Bill making provision for relief of persons, passed, 479; particulars of bill, 479; resolution to revise the laws, offered, 593; object, to secure debtor his property and provide some remedy beside imprisonment, 593; considerations against imprisonment urged, 593.

Inaugural Address of John Adams, 11; of Thomas Jefferson, 490.

Indian Lands within a State, rights over, see Index, vol. 1.

Indian Trading Houses.--See Index, vol. 1.

Intercourse with France.--See France, relations with.

IREDELL, JAMES, vote for as President in 1796, 63.

JACKSON, ANDREW, Representative from Tennessee, 14; first appearance in National Councils, 48; note, 48; on petition of Hugh Lawson White, 48, 49; presents petition of George Colbert, 49; Senator from Tennessee, 165; resigns as Senator, 321.

JACKSON, GEORGE, Representative from Virginia, 14, 429, 497, 569, 693; on a direct tax on slaves, 53; on the Judiciary Establishment, 552; on resolutions relative to the navigation of the Mississippi, 678. See Index, vol. 1.

JACKSON, JAMES, Senator from Georgia, 541. See Index, vol. 1.

JARVIS, JAMES, officer on frigate Constellation, 470.

JAY, JOHN, vote for as President, 63, 487.

JEFFERSON, THOMAS, his address as President of the Senate, 10; note, 10; vote for as President in 1796, 62; Vice President and President of Senate, 113, 171, 323; Vice President attends Senate, 404, 484; vote for as President, 487; address on retiring from Senate, 488; inauguration as President, 490; address, 490; answer to notification of the House of his election, 535; letter to President of Senate, 541; note, 541; views on slavery, an obstacle to his receiving the vote of South Carolina for President, 636. See Index, vol. 1.

JOHNSON, CHARLES, Representative from North Carolina, 569.

JOHNSTON, SAMUEL, vote for as President in 1796, 63.

JONES, JAMES, Representative from Georgia, 429, 501; on petition of free blacks, 439, 443; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 456; on the apportionment bill, 574.

JONES, WALTER, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 327.

JONES, WILLIAM, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 723.

Judiciary System, bill to amend a previous act establishing judicial courts, 419; ordered to second reading, 419; numerous reasons for the introduction of the bill, 420; parts of the bill, 427; bill passed to third reading, 427; note, 427.

In the Senate, part of message relating to Judiciary system, read, 545; motion that the act of last session respecting the Judiciary Establishment be repealed, 546; note, 546; motion debated, 546; 1st. the law is unnecessary and improper--2d. the judges and courts created by it, can, and ought to be abolished, 546; existing courts, competent and able to discharge duties, 546; such was the case when the law passed, 546; amount of business before the courts, 546; suits decreasing, 546; United States never need thirty-eight federal judges, 547; limit to federal judicial powers, 547; power of Congress to put down these additional courts and judges, examined, 547; may be abolished as well as created under the constitution, 547; a judge cannot hold his office after it is abolished, 548; once a judge always a judge, examined, 548; one of the most important questions ever before a Legislature, 548; what says the constitution?, 548; judges hold during good behavior, 548; their compensation as prescribed, designed to preserve their existence, 549; motion unconstitutional, 549; the ancient system stated, 549; if you repeal so far as regards these judges, you may for all, 550; thereby you destroy the check provided in the constitution, 550; all power is not vested in the Legislature, 550; constitutional power, 550; words shall and may, 550; more afraid of an army of judges than an army of soldiers, 552; it is said the law which creates a judge cannot be touched, 552; the moment it is passed it exists to the end of time, 552; the power to alter the system rests here, or nowhere, 552; extent of our country, 553; tendency of acts of late administration, 553; history of legislative proceedings in the formation of the Judiciary system, 553; is this system so vicious as to deserve nothing but abhorrence?, 554; the letter and spirit of the constitution against the repeal, 555; Judicial Department should be independent, 555; but not independent of the nation itself, 555; what are the facts?, 555; if a court once established, cannot be vacated, the greatest absurdities follow, 556; the judges of Mississippi Territory, 556; further remarks on the independence of the Judiciary, 557; the expediency of repealing the law considered, 557; shall we restore to the people their former courts? is the true question, 558; defects of the present system, 559; reasons for the repeal insufficient, 560; the expediency of the repeal examined, 560, 561; the constitutional point examined, 562; repeal needed as a precedent, 562; our government a system of salutary checks, 563; constitutional point further examined, 563, 564, 565; bill passed, 565; note, 565.

In the House, resolutions offered in committee relative to the Judiciary considered, 581; resolutions agreed to, 581; motion to refer to committee, 581; remarks on reference, 581; resolutions referred, 583; bill from the Senate to repeal considered in House, 596; note, 596; the people have established three departments for the powers of government, 597; tenure by which the judges hold office, 597; the words "during good behavior" are a limitation on executive and legislative power, 597; examination of these words, 598; a subsequent legislature can repeal the acts of a previous one, examined, 598; any other construction leads to a concentration of executive and legislative power, 598; this is the spirit of innovation which has prostrated the old world, 599; expediency of the repeal examined, 599; comparison of the present and former system, 600; constitutionality of the measure examined, 600; delegated powers, 601; Judiciary is a check on the legislature, shown, 601; the judges are expounders of the constitution and laws, 602; they ought to be independent of the other branches of government, particularly the legislative, 602; concentration of power is the essence of tyranny, 602; as we advance to it, we recede from liberty, 602; what was the intention of the framers in introducing the words "good behavior"?, 602; origin of parties in this country fundamental, 603; manner of growth, 604; proceedings of the favorers of patronage, 604; the strict letter of the constitution now appealed to, 605; will the repeal of this law violate in any respect the salutary or practicable independence of the judges, secured by the constitution?, 605; the terms "independence of the judges" or "Judiciary" not found in the constitution, 605; relationship between the Executive and Judiciary Departments, 606; clauses of the constitution examined, 607, 608, 609; are not the judges more independent under this view than those of England?, 610; it is admitted Congress may increase or diminish the duties of judges, 610; preceding arguments for repeal examined in detail, and a defence of the late administration, 611, 612, 613, 614; inexpediency of the present bill shown by the expediency of the judicial law of last session, 617; the pre-existing system examined, and its defects and evils, as affected by the late act, considered, 617, 618, 619; changes made by the late law, 620, 621; when did the right of the Executive to recommend modifications of the Judiciary system cease, or of Congress to act?, 622; former practice with present theory compared, 622; doctrine of the Judiciary in Virginia, 623, 624; point conceded, 624; further debate, 625, 626; practice of North Carolina relative to instructions, 627; constitution of North Carolina, 627; interpretation of the words "during good behavior" there, 627; arguments against the bill examined, 628; further debate, 629, 630, 631; intention of the convention to make the judges independent of both executive and legislative power, so universally admitted at the time, 632; hence any intrusion or intermeddling by Congress is usurpation, 632; what avail are prohibitory clauses in the constitution, if there be no power to check Congress and the President?, 632; these regulations designed for the safety of the State Governments and the liberties of the people, 632; but the doctrine urged to-day will sweep away all barriers, 632; illustrations given by reference to the constitution, 632; expense of the national Judiciary, 633; reasons for passing the law of last session, 633; influence upon the elections, 633; vote at the election in the House, 634; note, 634; the professed friends of the people, 635; course of South Carolina on the Presidential election, 635, 636; Jefferson's views on slavery prevented his receiving the vote of South Carolina, 636; note, 636; what manifestation of the public will was there in reference to the late election for President?, 637; further debate, 637, 638; motion to postpone the bill lost, 638; bill passed, 655.

United States' Judges, Memorial of, in Senate, report of committee on, 665; what is due to the supreme law of the land?, 666; memorialists ask if the law of last session deprived them of their office of judge, 666; a question not cognizable by the Senate, to whom it does not belong to interpret their own acts, 666; it should be speedily settled by the proper tribunals, 666; effect of such a decision, 667; committee should have confined themselves to the points of the question, 667; constitutional power of Senate reviewed, 667; resolution of committee lost, 668.

Petitions of, 727; reference moved, 728; memorial does not embrace any point of inquiry, 728; it should be referred to Committee of the Whole, 728; the constitutional question already determined, 728; undoubtedly a constitutional question, 728; reference unnecessary, subject already fully discussed, 728; referred to Committee of the Whole, 729; discussion in committee, 729; question been settled as to right of depriving the judges of their office, but not the question as to their compensation, 729; resolutions offered, 729; a new doctrine advanced, that a judge is entitled to his compensation, after being deprived of his authority and his powers are transferred to another, 729; true question on the constitutionality of the law, 730; if the courts are abolished, are the officers abolished?, 730; would the Supreme Court in this case be an impartial tribunal?, 730; it would be improper to authorize the Supreme Court to decide upon the constitutionality of the law, 730; when there are no services, there can be no claim for salary, 730; memorial is a protest, and let it rest on the files of the House, 730; resolutions lost, 731.

Kentucky, vote for President, 62, 487.

KITCHELL, AARON, Representative from New Jersey, 14, 429, 498; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42; on petition of Hugh L. White, 51; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 60; on increase of duties on sugar, 71; on military appropriations, 98; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 451. See Index, vol. 1.

KITTERA, JOHN WILKES, Representative from Pennsylvania, 120, 191, 326, 429; on a direct tax on slaves, 56; on naval appropriations, 101, 105; presides in Committee of the Whole, 193, 194; on the limits of Georgia, 220; on the bill relative to the protection of commerce, 289; on abrogation of treaty with France, 313. See Index, vol. 1.

KOSCIUSKO, General, claim of, 191; history of, 192; proceedings on, 192; accounts of, 193.

LAFAYETTE, GENERAL.--Resolution relative to, 108; negotiations to effect his release from imprisonment, 108; his services for this country, 108; propriety and duty of negotiations on the part of the Executive, 108; subject improper to be introduced to the House--President knows the will of the people, 109; no impropriety in it, 109; further debate, 110; question lost, 111; note, 111. See Index, vol. 1.

Lake Superior.--Copper lands and mines--resolution authorizing the purchase of copper lands, 456; report of committee, 472; resolution reported agreed to, 472.

LANGDON, JOHN, Senator from New Hampshire, 3, 113, 165, 321, 399, 481. See Index, vol. 1.

LATIMER, HENRY, Senator from Delaware, 3, 114, 165, 321, 400. See Index, vol. 1.

LAURANCE, JOHN Senator from New York, 4, 114, 165, 321, 399; elected President pro tem. of Senate, 321. See Index, vol. 1.

Law of Retaliation.--See Defensive Measures.

LEAR, TOBIAS, letter to President announcing death of Washington, 434.

LEE, HENRY, Representative from Virginia, 432, 497; delivers an oration on death of Washington, 404; letter accepting thanks of House, 436; on petition of free blacks, 437; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 450, 455; on mausoleum for Washington, 503, 504, 512, 513; on reporting the debates, 509; on jurisdiction over District of Columbia, 518, 524.

LEE, SILAS, Representative from Massachusetts, 429, 497.

LEIB, MICHAEL, Representative from Pennsylvania, 429, 497, 569, 693.

LEONARD, GEORGE, Representative from Massachusetts, 57. See Index, vol. 1.

Library of Congress, resolution for a committee to procure, 474; bill regulating the use of, considered, 578; discussion of details, 578.

Limitation, Acts of, report on, 189; note on, 190.

LINCOLN, LEVI, Representative from Massachusetts, 528.

LINN, JAMES, Representative from New Jersey, 429, 498.

LISTON, ROBERT, note to Secretary of State, 445.

LIVERMORE, SAMUEL, Senator from New Hampshire, 3, 113, 165, 321, 400, 481; chosen President of Senate pro tem., 400; on disputed Presidential elections, 406.

LIVINGSTON, EDWARD, Representative from New York, 17, 120, 179, 334, 429, 522; on the address to the President, 29, 31; on a National University, 37; on military and naval appropriations, 107; on liberation of Lafayette, 108; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 136, 141; on arming merchant vessels, 147; on tax on lawyers, 156; reports on petition of daughters of Count de Grasse, 192; on expenditure for the naval service, 196, 197; on diplomatic intercourse, 216; on relations with France, 241; on establishing the Navy Department, 251; on the sedition bill, 307, 318; on relations with France, 356, 357; on the capture of French vessels, 361, 363; on repeal of alien and sedition law, 384; on the law of retaliation, 385; proposes resolutions in case of Jonathan Robbins, 446; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 448, 449, 451, 453, 457. See Index, vol. 1.

LLOYD, JAMES, Senator from Maryland, 171, 323, 402; resigns seat in Senate, 484.

LLOYD, THOMAS, proposes to report debates of House, 14.

LOCKE, MATTHEW, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 121, 179, 326.

LOGAN, GEORGE, Senator from Pennsylvania, 541, 661.

Louisiana, cession of, in the House.--Resolution calling on the President for any documents relative to the cession of Louisiana to France, considered, 697; subject akin to one that had been discussed with closed doors, it should therefore be referred in the same manner, 698; nothing which ought to be kept secret involved in the transaction, 698; why refer the resolution calling for information to a committee? 698; if publicity will interfere with constitutional functions of the President, resolution should not be supported, 698; the cession is a public fact, 698; custom of the House should determine this fact, 698; no impropriety in this request, 699; widest publicity desirable where it will not prove injurious, 699; let the call prevail, 699; advantage of going into Committee of the Whole, 699; what is the object of those refusing information? 699; if proper we ought to have these documents, 699; this the first instance a resolution allowed to be important had been refused a reference, 700; object of reference is discussion with closed doors, 700; case of the British Treaty, 700; logic of the opposition, 700; what end is to be answered by committal, 700; case of British Treaty restated, 700; reference carried, 701; in committee--shall the doors be closed as heretofore ordered in respect to this subject, 701; discussed, 701, 702; resolutions in secret session, 702; resolutions for a call for papers again considered, 703; should not be referred to a secret committee, 703; motion has already been decided, 703; the President alludes to the subject as one which may require Legislative interposition, yet persists in refusing information, 703; why do we want information, but that we may have a more clear view of the general subject, 704; only two points connected with the subject in which documents could be required or secrecy necessary, 704; material connection between shutting the port of New Orleans and the cession of Louisiana--one has been ordered to be discussed with shut doors, how proper then to introduce the other in debate, 704; numerous reasons for opposing the resolution, 705; speech of Mr. Monroe in the Virginia Convention, 705; note, 705; who now are the friends of the West and the free navigation of the river? 708; the sentiments displayed in this proceeding a phenomenon in the history of regular governments, 708; a history of political parties unnecessary, 709; resolution lost, 709; further resolutions moved, 710; lost, 710; motion for call renewed, 713; confidential subjects have been decided, 713; information necessary to legislation, 713; no fact has been communicated in the message, 713; it conveys the suspicion that Spain has ceded to France indefinitely, 714; unwise in the cradle of negotiation to throw out insinuations that may disgust, 714; farther discussion, 715; what is the inference from previous proceedings of these gentlemen? they will not assert our rights because they have no confidence in the Executive, 715; objections to the resolution, 716; relations of the departments of Government, 717; it will offend foreign nations to agree to the resolutions, 718; further debate, resolution lost, 720; motion to discharge committee to whom was referred a motion respecting official information, 720; the practice has alarmingly increased to resist a call for information, 720; reasons given, 721.

Purchase of Louisiana, resolutions, 721; report thereon, 721; note, 723.

Louisiana, purchase of, in Senate.--A bill making further provision for the expenses attending intercourse between the United States and foreign nations, considered, 671; read third time, 671; passed, 671; note, 6, 71.

LOWNDES, THOMAS, Representative from South Carolina, 569, 694; on public printing, 573; relative to State balances, 594; on French spoliations, 640; on the circulation of gold coin, 695; note, 695; on the call for information relative to cession of Louisiana, 703.

LYMAN, SAMUEL, Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429. See Index, vol. 1.

LYMAN, WILLIAM, Representative from Massachusetts, 14; on the address to the President, 17, 19; on a National University, 36; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 40; on liberation of Lafayette, 110. See Index, vol. 1.

LYON, MATTHEW, Representative from Vermont, 120, 179, 358, 429; on accompanying the House to deliver their answer to the President's message, 142; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 157; on additional duty on salt, 164; on printing the laws in the German language, 165; on address to the President, 182; attack on Roger Griswold, 205; letter of, relative to attack on Roger Griswold, 206; proceedings relative to his assault on Roger Griswold, 208; on treatment of alien enemies, 281. Expulsion of from House.--Resolution proposed, 364; objection to an immediate vote, 364; record of the trial proves the facts, 365; power of the House in reference to expulsion, 366; acts committed out of the House, 366; the acts of Lyon, 366; something should have been shown in the character of Lyon so infamous as to render him unfit to sit in the House, 366; the charges against the member ought not to have been inquired into under the sedition law, 367; charges, 367; examination of them, 367; the member is re-elected by constituents having a full knowledge of the prosecution, 368; remarks of Lyon, 368; reply, 369; further discussion of the law and the case, 369, 370; an examination of the letter published, 371; the constitutionality of the law under which the member was tried and manner of trial, 372; resolution to expel lost, 373; on the medal to Captain Truxton, 472.

LYON, MATTHEW, case of, see Breach of Privilege.

MACHIR, JAMES, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 326.

MACLAY, SAMUEL, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14. See Index, vol. 1.

MACON, NATHANIEL, Representative from North Carolina, 14, 121, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; on a National University, 34; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 41; on land for Canadian refugees, 45; on kidnapping negroes, 46; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 60; on the accommodation of the President, 89, 91; on address to the President, 182; on the Quakers' memorial, 184, 187; on stamp duties, 185; advocates weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on report relative to the Matthew Lyon affair, 207; on the limits of Georgia, 219; on a provisional army, 247; on establishing the Navy Department, 249; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 262; on temporary direct tax, 270; on persons to be admitted to citizenship, 279; on bill relative to instructions to armed vessels, 287; on the sedition bill, 308, 317; on intercourse with France and St. Domingo, 343; on the capture of French vessels, 358; on the law of retaliation, 388; against mausoleum to Washington, 504, 514, 515; on reporting the debates, 510; on jurisdiction over District of Columbia, 525, 527; elected Speaker, 569; address to House, 569; on ratio of representation, 573; on Georgia limits, 577; on repeal of internal taxes, 580; relative to State balances, 596; in favor of repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 626; acknowledges thanks of House, 747. See Index, vol. 1.

MADISON, JAMES, Representative from Virginia, 14; on a National University, 37; on liability of United States to a State for war expenses, 50; on a direct tax on land and slaves, 52; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 58; on liberation of Lafayette, 109. See Index, vol. 1.

MALBONE, FRANCIS, Representative from Rhode Island, 14. See Index, vol. 1.

MARSHALL, HUMPHREY, Senator from Kentucky, 3, 119, 165, 321, 399, 481. See Index, vol. 1.

MARSHALL, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 429; on breach of privilege, 429; announces death of Washington in House, 433; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 453; his great speech, 457.

MARTIN, ALEXANDER, Senator from North Carolina, 3, 114, 165, 323. See Index, vol. 1.

Maryland, vote for President, 62, 487.

MASON, JONATHAN, Senator from Massachusetts, 544, 661; on repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 548.

MASON, STEVENS T., Senator from Virginia, 6, 114, 171, 323, 405, 481, 540, 661; on breach of privilege, 417; on the repeal of the Judiciary Establishment, 555; on the resolutions relative to the right of the United States to the free navigation of the Mississippi, 686. See Index, vol. 1.

Massachusetts vote for President, 62, 487.

MATHERS, JAMES, Sergeant-at-Arms to Senate, 541; his extra allowance, 541.

MATTHEWS, WILLIAM, Representative from Maryland, 120, 180, 330.

MATTOON, EBENEZER, Representative from Massachusetts, 523, 569, 694.

Mausoleum for Washington, report of committee in Senate, 485.

MCCLAY, SAMUEL, Senator from Pennsylvania, 14, 665.

MCCLENACHAN, BLAIR, Representative from Pennsylvania, 120, 179, 326.

MCDOWELL, JOSEPH, Representative from North Carolina, 129, 189; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 140; on tax on lawyers, 156; on the bill to raise a provisional army, 246; on establishing the Navy Department, 250; on the naturalization laws, 256, 257; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 261; moves to postpone bill for a provisional army, 275; on residence before citizenship, 277; on the bill relative to protection of commerce, 288; on intercourse with France, 292; on the sedition bill, 307; on instructions to armed vessels, 319; on intercourse with France, 346; on the bill relative to the capture of French vessels, 358; on the capture of French vessels, 359; on repeal of alien and sedition law, 384. See Index, vol. 1.

MCHENRY, JAMES, letter to the House on the application of money drawn from the Treasury, 696.

MCMILLAN, Delegate from North-west Territory, 498.

Mediterranean Powers, report relative to affairs with, 79; note, 81; bill in relation to, 81.

Mediterranean Trade, resolution calling for information relative to exports to the Mediterranean considered, 584; upon the report a calculation will be made of the expense of protection, 584; report must be defective, 584; this call may delay passage of an important bill, 585; resolution agreed to, 585; bill for the protection of commerce in Mediterranean considered, 586; amendment to give President power to issue letters of marque to affect Algiers, Tunis and Tripoli, 586; it seems to invite war, 586; their perfidiousness made this necessary, 586; other reasons urged, 586; not carried, 586.

MERIWETHER, JAMES, Representative from Georgia, 693.

Message, Washington to second session, fourth Congress, 15; of President John Adams to Congress, 114; confidential from President to Senate relative to the Dey of Algiers, 119; documents accompanying first message of John Adams to Congress, 121; of President Adams to second session, fifth Congress, 167; on the Creek Indians, 171; do. on French outrage, 171; do. on despatches from France, 172; on affairs with France, 173; from President Adams to Senate with Washington's letter accepting Lieutenant-Generalship, 177; to House relative to persons imprisoned for debt, 198; on French outrages, 207; on relations with France, 217, 304; from President Adams to third session of fifth Congress, 327; with documents relative to impressment of seamen, 333; on French affairs, 347; President Adams to first session, sixth Congress, 400; to Senate announcing death of Washington, 403; from House on death of Washington, 403; of President on sending resolutions to Mrs. Washington, 405; fourth of President Adams to second session, sixth Congress, 482; note, 482; first of President Jefferson, 541; from President on Georgia limits, 566; of President Jefferson, second session, seventh Congress, 662; on negotiation for acquisition of Louisiana, 664; with papers relative to removal of deposit at New Orleans, 694.

Military Academy, bill for establishing, introduced and read, 470; motion to reject it, 470; do. negatived, 470; bill referred, 470; postponement carried, 476.

Military Interference in elections, resolution relative to, 446.

MILLEDGE, JOHN, Representative from Georgia, 34, 121, 569; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 40; on military appropriations, 98; on the limits of Georgia, 217; moves amendment to bill relative to Mississippi Territory, 224; on Georgia limits, 576. See Index, vol. 1.

Mint, motion to consider a repeal of act establishing, 695; present state of matters at the mint, 695; no advantage in the discussion at this time, 695; no member sees a gold coin, 695; two millions deposited in the bank, 695; note, 695; reasons adduced for its abolition are insufficient, 695.

Mint, Establishment of.--See Index, vol. 1.

Mississippi Question, or free navigation of the Mississippi, considered in Senate, 668; conduct of Spanish officers at New Orleans, 668; the power must be given and the means voted to vindicate in a becoming manner the honor and interests of the country, 668; spoliations by Spanish armed vessels, 668; our right to free navigation of the Mississippi, 669; denied, 669; consequence, 669; should take the command of the river, 669; feelings of Western people, 669; resolutions, 670; note, 671; resolutions mark out a system of measures honorable to the country, 671; extract from our treaty with Spain, 671; notwithstanding the treaty, New Orleans has been wrested from us, 672; represented as the rash act of an officer and not of the Spanish Government, 672; measures adopted, 672; agency of Bonaparte concealed, 673; danger of French control over the navigation of the Mississippi, 673; what is the true state of facts? 674; reasons for an immediate appeal to arms, 674; substitute for the resolutions moved, 675; a constant eye has been kept on this important subject by our Government in its negotiations, 676; history of negotiations, 676; conduct of the Intendant at New Orleans is an atrocious infraction of the treaty, 676; was it authorized by Spain or not? 676; true state of Spanish aggression, 676; nature, character and tendency of the remedy proposed, 676; proposes to seize part of the Territory, 676; in this case the controversy must be decided by force, 676; resolution then a war resolution, 677; its justice and policy considered, 677; in vain to say the Western States will seize New Orleans, 678; an indignity has been offered the United States by the Spanish Government, by withdrawing the right of deposit at New Orleans in this manner, 678; the right of the free navigation of the Mississippi, and to a place of deposit indisputable, 678; to seize any place or places is an act of war, 679; should we be justified in this measure on the grounds of private or public justice or the law of nations, considered? 679; what evidence that the Intendant is not authorized by the Spanish or French Government? 680; our interests, our honor, our safety require the course pointed out by the resolutions, 680; the resolutions do not go far enough, 680; we wish for peace, how is it to be preserved? 681; what is the state of things? 681; effect of this cession on the United States in general point of view, 682; its effects on the various divisions of the country, 682; its consequences to other nations, 683; the first resolution intended to involve members opposed to hostile measures in a dilemma, 685; they call on us to declare the deprivation of our right of deposit to be hostile to our interests and our honor, 685; effects of negotiation heretofore, 686; it is said negotiation is not the course for us to pursue, 687; merits of the different propositions, 687; it is said Spain had no right to cede Louisiana to France, 687; extraordinary aspect of the Senate, 688; on what right could we hold the country against France? 689; we have nothing to fear from the colony of any European nation on this continent, 689; conduct of this House on former occasions, 690; our object to obtain prompt redress of injuries immediately affecting our Western brethren, 690; we are not for rushing into war, but for repelling insult, 691; members have pledged themselves to employ force on failure of negotiations, 691; resolutions passed, 692; proceedings in secret session relative to free navigation of Mississippi, 710.

Mississippi Territory.--See Territories.

MITCHELL, SAMUEL L., Representative from New York, 569, 693; on protection against the Barbary powers, 571; in favor of resolution relative to state balances, 594; on French spoliations, 640, 645, 726, 732.

MONROE, JAMES, speech in Virginia Convention relative to surrender of the navigation of the Mississippi, 705.

Monuments to Generals and to the captors of Andre, 712.

MOORE, THOMAS, Representative from South Carolina, 11, 569, 693; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42, 43; on a direct tax on slaves, 53.

MORGAN, DANIEL, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 326.

MORRIS, GOUVERNEUR, Senator from New York, 481, 545, 664; on the resolutions relative to the right of the United States to the free navigation of the Mississippi, 680.

MORRIS, LEWIS R., Representative from Vermont, 155, 179, 429, 498, 570, 696.

MORRIS, THOMAS, Representative from New York, 569, 694; on repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 549, 560; on the apportionment bill, 575; on the collection of internal revenue, 588; relative to state balances, 595; on memorial of United States Judges, 666; for the reading of the letter of McHenry, 697; on granting land-warrants to La Fayette, 743.

MOTT, JAMES, Representative from New Jersey, 569, 693.

MUHLENBERG, FREDERICK A., Representative from Pennsylvania, 14, 429, 497. See Index, vol. 1.

MURRAY, WILLIAM VANS, Representative from Maryland, 14; on a national university, 38; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42; on kidnapping negroes, 46, 47; on a direct tax on slaves, 53; on the purchase of a site for a navy yard, 67. See Index, vol. 1.

National University.--Report on, considered, 34; the time has not arrived to incorporate a university, 35; if the House once enters on this subject, the responsibility will fall on it to keep it up, 35; the commissioners only ask to be incorporated, so as to receive legacies, 35; the President has already made a donation, 35; is it a proper step, 35; we are only asked to permit its encouragement, 35; better to ask this of Maryland, 36; improper time to decide upon a national university, 36; effects of the resolution, if adopted, 37; will we grant power and security to individuals to receive donations for this object, 37; negatived in committee, 38; further debate, 38; subject postponed, 39; vote on postponement of consideration of, 39; memorial of Samuel Blodget relative to, 712.

Naturalization Laws.--Resolution to prolong term of residence before aliens shall be admitted as citizens, considered, 253; five years too short, 253; at least ten should be required, 253; high time to recover from the mistake of admitting foreigners to citizenship, 253; amendment offered that no alien, not at present a resident, shall be capable of holding any office under U. S., or voting, 254; civil rights might be extended in full to foreigners, but not political rights, 254; unnecessary they should take a part in government, 254; only persons born in a country should do it, 254; the form of the amendment examined, 254; resolution proposed as a substitute, excluding all aliens not citizens from holding any U. S. office, 254; House not authorized to enact this principle into a law, 255; it ought to be considered as a proposition to amend the constitution, 255; if the House had power to extend the term of residence, they could make it for life, 255; question made on amendment of previous resolution, 255; President and Senate always appoint such men as they think proper, 255; people can elect a foreign-born citizen to any State office, 255; no doubt of the constitutionality of restricting aliens, 255; what advantage to be derived from giving aliens office? 255; propriety of action on the subject, 256; amendment withdrawn and original resolution adopted, 256; resolution relative to removal of resident aliens whose Government is at war with this country, considered, 256; what shall be considered "at war?" 256; foreigners have been invited here, this resolution will unnecessarily distress their minds, 256; intriguing aliens should be removed, 256; a positive declaration of war should be required before aliens are sent from the country and our citizens abroad similarly exposed, 257; only dangerous persons should be sent away, 257; the resolution proposes to give the President power to remove aliens when the country from which they come threatens invasion, 257; evil threatened at the present time, 257; commissions issued here by foreign ministers, 258; note, 258; this an essential feature of defence, about which Congress has been engaged during the session, 258; great number of French aliens in the country endeavoring to create divisions, 258; the same degree of hospitality is not due to French aliens and to alien friends, 258; moved to extend to all alien residents, 258; look at the results of French emissaries in Venice, Switzerland, and Rome, 259; similar emissaries in this country, 259; views of the committee who reported the resolution, 259; further debate, 260; last motion withdrawn, 260; proposition to add the words, "between which and the United States shall exist a state of war," 260; debate thereon, 260; postponement carried, 261; consideration resumed, and subject referred, 272; amended resolution, 272.

Motion to require fourteen years' residence before admission to citizenship, 277; tend to discourage emigration, 277; carried, 277; discussion on the retrospection of the bill, 277; committee thought bill should pass in its present form, 278; amendments proposed, 278; also to except residents previous to 1795, 278; reason in favor of the amendment, 278; no exception should be made, 278; the character of the persons who have come here is such as to require the amendment, 279; it is a question of right or expediency; considered as the latter, the danger is apparent of permitting foreigners to become citizens as heretofore, 279; injustice to a great number of people to pass the bill without the amendment, 279; amendment passed, 280; negatived in the House, 280; bill ordered to a third reading, 280.

Alien Laws, petition for repeal of, 364; motion to refer, 364; part of the petition contains an atrocious libel against the courts and juries of the country, 365; this should not be referred, 365; this is the ground suggested by the greatest enemies of these laws, that the right of petitioning might next be restricted, 365; to object is to say we have the power of defining the nature of petitions, 365; further remarks on the character of the petition, 365; further petitions for repeal, 373; report of committee on petitions for repeal, 373; resolution that it is inexpedient to repeal alien law, considered, 373; number of petitioners, 373; objectionable clause of the alien law, 373; grounds of objection by petitioners, 373; objections examined, 374; report of committee examined, 375, 376, 377, 378; resolution carried, 378.

Naturalization Laws.--See Index, Vol. 1.

Naval Armament.--See Appropriations, naval.

Naval Captains, bill for pay of, 357.

Naval and Marine officers, bill for relief of widows and orphans of, 566.

Naval Establishment--Purchase of a site for a navy yard, considered, 66; at some future day we shall become a naval power; it is now economy to prepare for it, 66; expense of this business alarming, 66; if the thing is proper, two or three years can make very little difference, 66; a navy would never do any real good to this country, 66; this country depends wholly on commerce for revenue, 67; that commerce is now in jeopardy, and no substitute for revenue found, 67; the money thrown away on Algiers to buy a peace would have been much better expended in building ships, 67; want of a navy will have a similar effect on all our negotiations, 67; our live-oak timber is too rich a mine to be neglected, 67; they must provide for the protection of commerce, or give it up, 67; is the measure proper, and is it not best to postpone it for the present? 68; if a navy is necessary to protect commerce, it must be such a one as will vie with those of other nations, 69; who can show that commerce and a navy have gone hand in hand? 69; this country not equal to support a navy, 69; how can such a navy, be manned? 69; our peculiar situation affords means of protection, 69; our only mode of warfare against Europe is by putting our seamen on board of privateers, 69; note, 69.

Bill to establish Navy Department considered, 248; unnecessary, 248; one department sufficient for army and navy, 248; objections have been to increase the navy because of enormous expense arising from want of knowledge--this department will obviate this, 248; necessity for this establishment, 249; notwithstanding all resistance the establishment of a naval force must soon be seriously considered, 249; the necessity for the department examined, 249; a want of knowledge of naval affairs in the War Department is the occasion of this bill--this can be obviated, 249; economy requires the department, 250; this bill is founded on the idea of establishing a large naval power, 250; economy further considered, 250; not for the interest of the country to establish a naval power, 251; large debts exist with large navies, 251; every measure to increase the navy will have a bad effect, 251; further debate, 251; bill ordered to third reading, 252; passed, 252; note, 252.

Bill for augmentation of the Navy considered, 348; question of the propriety of building ships of the line, 348; reasons for building smaller ships of the line, 348; is it proper at this time to lay the foundation of a navy that might be able to give us weight with Europe? 348; expense of proposed navy, 348; reasons urged against a large navy, 349; the extent and advantages of our commerce entitle it to competent protection, 350; British navy contrasted with ours, 350; expense of a navy, 350; Jefferson's views, 351; means by which to raise the money needed, 351; usefulness of a naval establishment considered, 351; navy of Holland, 353; instruction to be drawn from this example, 354; propriety of a naval force for warring with Europe, 355; arguments on, examined, 355; no good reason for its establishment exists, 356; motion to strike out ships of the line lost, 356; note, 356.

Bill for fixing pay of Captains of ships, &c., 356; details, 357. See Appropriations, and Index, vol. 1.

Naval Peace Establishment, bill for, passed House, 537.

Navy, Admirals in, see Admirals in the Navy.

Negroes, kidnapping of, report on memorial of State of Delaware relative to kidnapping negroes and mulattoes considered, 45; this practice done by masters of vessels, 45; plan was to pass an act requiring masters of vessels to have a certificate of the number and situation of any on board, 45; laws in the several States fully adequate, 46; State laws being local do not reach the case, 46; design is to prevent selling free negroes as slaves and taking slaves to make them free, 46; many serious questions involved, 46; committee better rise as the measure is improper, 46; many instances of this practice had occurred, 46; it is that kind of business which, by the constitution, was to be left to the different States, 47; the House should not interfere with the States, 47; motion for the committee to rise carried, 47; motion to discharge committee carried, 47; motion to recommit to report by bill or otherwise, 47; propriety of sending it to committee doubtful, 47; postponement carried, 48.

NEUFVILLE, JOHN DE, claim of widow of, 69; particulars of, 70.

NEW, ANTHONY, Representative from Virginia, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; advocates weekly license to distillers, 194. See Index, vol. 1.

New Hampshire, vote for President, 62, 487.

New Jersey, vote for President, 62, 487.

Newspapers, resolution of House relative to, 430; resolution of Senate for, 400.

NEWTON, THOMAS, jr., Representative from Virginia, 569, 693.

New York, vote for President, 62, 487.

NICHOLAS, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 120, 180, 429, 497; on the address to the President, 18, 28; on a National University, 35, 36; on kidnapping negroes, 47; on liability of United States to a State for war expenses, 51; on a direct tax on land and slaves, 52, 53, 54; on the purchase of a site for a navy yard, 66; on increase of duties on sugar, 72, 73; on increase of duties on salt, 74; on naval appropriation, 76, 77; on suability of the States, 86; on the accommodation of the President, 88, 90; on the military establishment, 96, 99; on naval appropriations, 99, 100, 102; on military and naval appropriations, 106; on liberation of La Fayette, 108; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 125; on resolutions relative to defensive measures, 145; on a naval armament, 153, 154; on tax on lawyers, 155, 156; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 157; on composition with banks in lieu of a tax, 162; on additional duty on salt, 164; on the Quakers' memorial, 186; advocates weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on naval expenditure, 197; on foreign intercourse, 199, 203; on report relative to Matthew Lyon, 207, 208; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 210, 211; on diplomatic intercourse, 216; on the limits of Georgia, 219, 223; on relations with France, 227; on the bill to raise a provisional army, 243; on the sedition bill, 307, 316; on intercourse with France and St. Domingo, 334, 335, 340; on increase of the navy, 354; on the capture of French vessels, 362; on the expulsion of Matthew Lyon, 366; on repeal of sedition law, 378; on breach of privilege, 418; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 451, 453, 457; on the medal to Captain Truxton, 471; on the bill to prohibit carrying on the slave trade, 475; on reporting the debates, 502; on mausoleum to Washington, 503; on reporting the debates, 506, 510; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 518, 520; on the right of the United States to the free navigation of the Mississippi, 688. See Index, vol. 1.

NICHOLAS, WILSON CARY, Senator from Virginia, 405, 481, 540, 664.

NICHOLSON, JACOB a manumitted slave, petition of, 57.

NICHOLSON, JOSEPH H., Representative from Maryland, 429, 497, 569, 693; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 454; relative to officers and crew of frigate Constellation, 470; on reporting the debates, 507; on protection against the Barbary powers, 571; on public printing, 573; on the Mediterranean trade, 584; on unauthorized purchase of navy yards, 657; on amendment to the bankrupt act, 724.

NICHOLSON, JUPITER, a manumitted slave, petition of, 57.

North Carolina, vote for President, 62, 487.

NOTT, ABRAHAM, Representative from South Carolina, 429, 501; on mausoleum to Washington, 503.

Oaths.--See Index, vol. 1.

OGDEN, AARON, Senator from New Jersey, 489, 541, 661.

Ohio School Fund, resolutions relative to, 742.

Ohio State Government.--Report of Select Committee on admission of North-western Territory as a State, 648; after one State is laid off, Congress is under an obligation to form the remainder into a State, 648; number of the population, 648; manner of dividing the territory, 648; further debate thereon, 649; report agreed to and bill ordered, 650; do. before the House, 651; amendment moved to embrace Eastern division, 651; rights of all the inhabitants equal--if one part formed into a State, all must be under the compact, 651; arguments from expediency, 651; objections urged, 651; amendment lost, 651; various amendments proposed, 652; bill ordered to be engrossed, 653; do. passed, 654.

OLCOTT, SIMEON, Senator from New Hampshire, 541, 661; on the repeal of the Judiciary Establishment, 559.

ORR, ALEXANDER D., Representative from Kentucky, 49.

OTIS, HARRISON GRAY, Representative from Massachusetts, 120, 179, 326, 429, 498; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 134, 141; on expatriation, 152; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 159, 160; on address to President, 182; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 212; on the limits of Georgia, 220, 222; on relations with France, 231; on the bill to raise a provisional army, 243; on establishing the Navy Department, 249; proposes amendment to naturalization laws, 254, 255, 256, 257; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 262; on opposition to a direct tax, 268; on bill relative to treatment of alien enemies, 283; on the bill relative to the protection of commerce, 289; on intercourse with France, 295; on abrogation of treaty with France, 314; on the sedition bill, 307, 316; on intercourse with France and St. Domingo, 335; on the law of retaliation, 387; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 452; on petition of free blacks, 437; on reporting the debates, 502; on mausoleum to Washington, 503; on reporting the debates, 507; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 519.

PAGE, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 17; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42; on a direct tax on slaves, 55. See Index, vol. 1.

PAGE, ROBERT, Representative from Virginia, 431, 497.

PAINE, ELIJAH, Senator from Vermont, 3, 118, 165, 321, 401, 485; on breach of privilege, 417. See Index, vol. 1.

PARKER, ISAAC, Representative from Massachusetts, 179, 326; on the Quakers' memorial, 185.

PARKER, JOSIAH, Representative from Virginia, 17, 129, 180, 380, 431, 498; on the address to the President, 18, 29; on the compensation of President and other officers, 61; on resolution to notify the Vice President of his election, 63; on compensation of President and other officers, 63; on naval appropriation, 77, 99, 102; on military and naval appropriations, 106; on defensive measures, 145; on the Quakers' memorial, 185; relative to General Kosciusko, 191; advocates weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 210; on third reading of the bill relative to protection of commerce, 291; on a marine corps, 292; on increase of the navy, 350; on the capture of French vessels, 360; reports a bill authorizing increase of marine corps, 373; on conduct of officers and crew of frigate Constellation, 470; on the medal to Captain Truxton, 471; on admirals in the navy, 473. See Index, vol. 1.

PATTON, JOHN, Representative from Delaware, 14.

Pennsylvania insurgents, see Index, vol. 1.

Pennsylvania, vote for President, 62, 487.

PERKINS, ELIAS, Representative from Connecticut, 569, 693.

Petitions for repeal of alien and sedition law, 373.

Petitions, reception of.--Petition of four negroes, manumitted by their master, and afterwards sold into slavery under the laws of North Carolina, and subsequently escaping and being arrested under the fugitive act in Philadelphia, considered, 57; they pray the House to modify the fugitive act so as not to affect persons of their description, 58; very proper to refer petition to a committee, 58; persons aggrieved have a sacred right to petition, 58; laws of North Carolina forbid emancipation, 58; men not free, 58; United States nothing to do with it, 58; if free by the laws of North Carolina, they should apply to those laws to establish their freedom--if slaves, the constitution gives them no hope of being heard here, 58; a committee could inquire into the facts, 58; every due respect should be paid to the petition, 59; former practice was to send the petition back, 59; they are slaves--a kind of property on which the House has no power to legislate, 59; cannot the House receive a petition without evidence that it is from a free man? 59; unjust to deprive them of the right of petitioning, 59; it is a judicial question, 59; by application to North Carolina justice would be done them, 60; they have received injury under a law of the United States, and have, therefore, a right to the attention of the Government, 60; receiving the petition negatived, 60.

Quakers, memorial of, 182; motion to read second time, 183; every Legislature should set their face against remonstrances complaining of what it is impossible to alter, 183; to read and commit is the regular way of getting rid of the difficulty, 183; no objection to commit if the committee will report the censure deserved, 183; no reason why the petition should not be dealt with in the ordinary way, 183; the practice of the House--what objection to it now? 184; note, 184; nature of the petition, 184; no authority over the subject, 184; Quakers war-makers, 184; note, 184; unconstitutional to ask the House to do what they had no power to do, 185; only object of petition to sow dissension, 185; nothing prayed for, 185; unnecessary to refer such a petition, 185; no objection in general principles to a reference of the petition, 185; contents of the petition, 185; previous treatment of abolition petitions, 185; to appear to be afraid of inquiring, will do more harm to slave property than a fair investigation, 186; reasons urged for the second reading, 186; the doors should be shut against any thing tending to produce such confusion as exists in West India Islands, 187; no ground of irritation in the question, 187; nothing unconstitutional be done, 187; the fact called for examination, 187; if petition is received and early reported on, it would stop the mouth of these people, 187; further debate, 187, 188; second reading carried, 188; referred to a select committee, 188; report of committee on Quakers' memorial, 209; remarks thereon, 209; memorialists have leave to withdraw, 209.

Petition of free blacks of the City and County of Philadelphia, considered, 436; outline of the petition, 437; reference moved, 437; any reference improper, 437; only two grievances noticed in the petition--fugitive act and slave trade, 437; a duty to grant relief so far as the House has power, 437; signers incapable of writing their names or reading the petition, 437; those who do not possess this property better leave its regulation to those who do, 437; so improper is it to consider this subject that some States would not have adopted the federal form of government if it had not been secured that Congress would never legislate on it, 438; no subject so likely to cause a division as this, 438; if an evil exists under any law, a committee should be appointed to examine it, 438; constitution put it out of the power of the House, 438; petition only asks amelioration of severities, 439; petition examined, 439; further debate, 440, 441; former treatment of petitions, 442; would gentlemen feel calm if measures were taken to destroy most of their property, 442; no danger from committing the petition, 443; further debate, 444; resolution relative to petition adopted, 444. See Index, vol. 1, Slavery and Slave Trade.

Philadelphia, first session, 5th Congress, commenced at, 113.

PICKERING, JOHN, impeached before the Senate by the House, 692.

PICKERING, TIMOTHY, report of, as Secretary of State, 80; letter with papers in Jonathan Robbins' case, 444.

PIERCE, JOSEPH, Representative from New Hampshire, 570.

Pilnitz, Treaty of, a forgery, 239.

PINCKNEY, CHARLES, Senator from South Carolina, 324, 405; vote for, as President in 1796, 63; on disputed Presidential elections, 406; on breach of privilege, 409; on bill to amend act establishing Judiciary courts, 419; vote for, as President, 487.

PINCKNEY, THOMAS, Representative from South Carolina, 180, 300; vote for, as President in 1796, 62; on answer to President's message, 181; relative to Gen. Kosciusko, 192; on foreign intercourse, 203; on relations with France, 232; letter relative to presents offered to him by courts in Europe, 253; on presents to Ministers by foreign courts, 269; on intercourse with France and St. Domingo, 342, 346; on the capture of French vessels, 360.

PLATER, THOMAS, Representative from Maryland, 569, 693.

PLATT JONAS, Representative from New York, 429, 497; on petition of free blacks, 440.

PLUMER, WILLIAM, Senator from New Hampshire, 661.

POLLOCK, OLIVER, bill reported for relief of, 207.

Post Office, franking privilege.--Motion to pay $4,500 on letters to and from certain officers of the army, 723; unnecessary, 723; Government ought to support this expense, 723; all franking wrong, 724; considerations in favor thereof, 724.

Post Office.--See Index, vol. 1.

Potomac Canal, shares in, given to the President, 87; note, 37.

POTTER, ELISHA R., Representative from Rhode Island, 34, 120; on a direct tax on personal property, 54; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 159.

POWELL, LEVEN, Representative from Virginia, 429, 497.

Presents to Ministers.--Letter of Mr. Pinckney relative to presents offered to him by Spanish and British courts considered, 253; referred to a select committee, 253; resolution from the Senate granting leave to Mr. Pinckney to accept certain presents, 261; moved to concur, 261; if we allow presents to be received, we must prepare to give them, 261; if it should ever be allowed in consideration of public service, there never could be a better occasion, 261; object of the constitution is to oblige ministers to make known to the world the presents they receive, 261; this particular case considered, 261; policy dictates the propriety of rejecting the resolution, 261; object of the constitution to lock up every door to foreign influence, 262; if leave granted, a precedent established and a title will be tendered hereafter, 262; this will be the last application, if resolution rejected, 262; no grounds for apprehension, 262; practice under the confederation, 262; action in this case will fix future usage, 262; not necessary to accept them as a point of etiquette, 262; a dangerous principle as it opens an avenue to foreign influence, 263; a stop should be put to this business, 263; further debate--House refused to concur, 264; explanation and views of Mr. Pinckney, 269; reason of the House for refusal, 276.

Presents to a Minister's wife.--Letter from Col. Humphrey, 731; referred to a select committee, 732.

Presidency, vacancy in, see Index, vol. 1.

President's election disputed in the Senate.--Resolution for the appointment of a committee to inquire what provisions should be made by law to decide &c., considered, 405; if any thing is done it must be by an amendment to the constitution, 406; dangerous practice to endeavor to amend the constitution by making laws for it, 406; Legislature has a right to make such provision as may be necessary, 406; questions to be considered with regard to electors, 406; do. 407; committee appointed, 407; bill reported, 407; postponed, 408. In the House, bill considered, 473; motion debated, 473; postponed, 478; message from Senate disagreeing to amendments, 479; House adhere, 479; bill lost, 479.

PRITCHETT, THOMAS, a manumitted slave, petition of, 57.

Proceedings in Senate on ratification of convention with French Republic, 492.

Protection of Trade, see Appropriations, naval.

Public Lands.--See Index, vol. 1.

Public Printing.--Report in favor of appointing a public printer considered, 573; various objections urged, 573; reasons in favor stated, 573; lost, 573.

Quakers' Memorial.--See Petitions.

RANDOLPH, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 429, 498, 569, 694; on petition of free blacks, 438; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 450; on the medal to Captain Truxton, 471; moves $500 for furniture for President, 473; on a mausoleum to Washington, 516, 517; on jurisdiction over District of Columbia, 520; on public printing, 573; on the apportionment bill, 575; on library of Congress, 578; on reduction of the army, 578; on resolutions relative to Judiciary, 582; in favor of repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 621; against reading the letter of McHenry, 697; on motion to establish the mint, 695; on the call for papers relative to the cession of Louisiana, 698, 700, 713, 715, 717; on amendment to the bankrupt act, 724, 725; on petition of United States judges, 728, 729; against taking up resolution relative to French spoliations, 732; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 738.

Ratio of representation, in the Senate, bill to fix, considered, 550; moved to strike out 33,000 and insert 30,000, 550; unless amended 28,800 persons in Delaware will have no representative, 550; equity of the case, 550; other reasons urged, 551; motion to strike out lost, 551; moved to allow one member for every fraction of 27,000, 551; reasons for the motion, 551; lost, 551; bill passed, 551. In the House.--Resolution to fix the ratio at 33,000, 572; various numbers proposed, 572; arguments in favor of a small and of a large ratio, 572; resolution carried, 573; move to strike out 33,000 and insert 30,000, 573; object to lessen the size of the districts that electors might know the elected, 573; smallest ratio preferred as a matter of principle, 573; Delaware an extreme case, 574; small States materially affected by the ratio in the bill, 574; views of the people, 574; experience of the States, 574; large representation relied on for safety and economy, 574; further debate, 575; heretical and improper to consider the House as the representative of the people, 575; the members of the House are the representatives of the States in proportion to their numbers, 575; the apportionment is among the States, not among the people, 575; further debate, 576; motion to strike out eight and insert nine as the representation from Maryland, 583; motion carried, 583. See Index, vol. 1.

READ, JACOB, Senator from South Carolina, 3, 117, 165, 321, 399, 484; elected President pro tem. of the Senate, 166.

READ, JOHN, Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497; on increase of duties on sugar, 72; on breach of privilege, 418.

READ, NATHAN, Representative from Massachusetts, 498, 569, 693.

Report on memorial of Anna de Neufville, 69; of Secretary of State, relative to affairs with Mediterranean powers, 79; on petition of widow of Hanging Maw, 97; on petition of daughters of Count de Grasse, 192; on the Matthew Lyon affair, 206; of Committee on Privileges on Griswold and Lyon case, 213; on petition of Stephen Cantrell, 242; on remonstrance of Georgia, 331; on petitions for repeal of alien and sedition law, 373; on measures in relation to breach of privilege, 422, 423; in Senate on mausoleum for Washington, 485; of committee of House on credentials, 500; of Committee on Unfinished Business, 522; on credentials of members, 530; of Committee on State Balances, 534; of committee on remonstrance of Georgia, 537; on the Wyoming controversy, 639; on State balances, 639; in Senate on memorial of United States Judges, 666; of committee on case of Van Ness, 725.

Resolution in Senate relative to joint meeting of two Houses to count votes for President, 6; of relief in lands to Canadian refugees, 44, 45; of Andrew Jackson on petition of Hugh L. White, 48; on direct taxes, 52; to notify Vice President Jefferson of his election, 63; relative to lands of live-oak and red timber, 69; relative to grant of lands to John C. Symmes, 70; relative to suability of the States, 88; relative to statements from War Department, 105; relative to Gen. Lafayette, 108; relative to defensive measures, 144; relative to printing the laws in the German language, 165; ordering newspapers for Senators, 166; authorizing Minister to Spain to receive presents, 173; relative to Gen. Kosciusko, 191; relative to attack of Matthew Lyon on Roger Griswold, 206; on Quakers' memorial, 209; relative to disorderly behavior of Roger Griswold and Matthew Lyon, 210; of Otis, relative to case of Griswold and Lyon, 212; relative to claim of Amy Dardin, 213; on relations with France, 225; that no alien shall ever be a citizen, 254; relative to direct taxes, 265; relative to naturalization, 272; relative to presents to ministers by foreign courts, 276; relative to relations with France, 296; giving bounty on capture of French armed vessels, 320; relative to remonstrance of Georgia, 348; for the expulsion of Matthew Lyon, 364; relative to prints of John Trumbull, 402; of Senate relative to death of Washington, 403; of House sent to Senate on death of Washington, 404; of House relative to commemoration of death of Washington, 405; in Senate on disputed Presidential elections, 405; of Senate to hear eulogium on Washington, 408; of Senate relative to breach of privilege, 408; relative to prosecution of William Duane, 427; relative to prints of John Trumbull, 431; to grant W. H. Harrison franking privilege, 433; in House relative to death of Washington, 434; of respect to memory of Washington, 435; relative to amendment to constitution, 446; in case of Jonathan Robbins, 447-452; relative to western lands, 448; relative to conduct of officers and crew of frigate Constellation, 470; for a medal to Capt. Truxton, 469-471; on Lake Superior lands, 457-472; relative to lands given in satisfaction of judgments, 473; on appropriation for holding Indian treaties, 477; relative to additional revenue, 477; relative to an additional army, 477; relative to the memory of Washington, 478; relative to counting votes for President, 486; of old Congress relative to statue to Washington, 512; relative to election of President, 522, 523; relative to the Judiciary, 581; relative to Lieut. Sterret, officers, and crew, 593; relative to imprisonment for debt, 593; on decease of Narsworthy Hunter, 640; relative to French spoliations, 642; relative to funeral expenses of members, 648; relative to free navigation of Mississippi, 670; in Senate relative to impeachment of John Pickering, 692; calling for papers relative to removal of deposit at New Orleans, 694; relative to J. P. Van Ness, 696; calling for information relative to the cession of Louisiana, 697; relative to cession of Louisiana, 702; relative to the navigation of the Mississippi, 710; do. considered in secret session, 710; for monuments to various officers and others, 712; for a monument to Gen. Gates, 725; relative to pay of late U. S. Judges, 731; relative to French spoliations, 732; on receding to the respective States jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 736; relative to Ohio School Fund, 742.

Revenue statements, reports on, made, 214.

Revenue, collection of; resolution for information relative to expense of collecting the revenue, &c., considered, 587; great objection to internal taxes; the expense of collection, 588; information sought, that it may be reduced, 588; expense of collecting other taxes, 588; the collection of some cost more than the collection of other taxes--discrimination required, 588; statements of the report of the Secretary of the Treasury, 589; further debate, 589; the intention seems to be to repeal the internal taxes, right or wrong, 589; further debate, 590; motion lost, 591.

Rhode Island.--Vote for President, 62, 487.

Rhode Island.--See Index, vol. 1.

RICHARDS, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14.

ROBBINS, JONATHAN, case of, 444; papers in, 444; resolutions of Mr. Bayard, 446; do. of Mr. Livingston, 447; resolutions of Mr. Livingston taken up, 448; note, 448; statement of facts, 448; record of the court should be obtained, 448; kind of evidence to be adduced, 449; point to be gained, 449; motion to discharge committee, not sufficient evidence before them, 450; if interference of Executive improper, it did not proceed from improper motives, 450; claim of citizenship and protection by Robbins, 450; further debate relative to rising of the committee, 450, 451, 452; motion negatived, 452; resolutions calling on President for copy of the proceedings of the court considered, 452; is there any such evidence as will throw light on the case? 453; all the evidence necessary should be obtained, 453; extraordinary resolution--was the President clerk of the court? 453; the resolution must be negatived, and the debate on the merits go forward, if the end is to be reached this session, 453; motion will operate as a discharge of the committee, 454; further debate, 454; substitute moved requiring Speaker of the House to obtain the proceedings of the Court, 454; postponement moved, 454; object of the resolution, a charge upon the President and upon the District Judge, 454; conduct of both called into view, and the reprehensibleness defended on the testimony before the House, 455; what do the resolutions amount to, 455; question of great importance to the American people and to the reputation of the House, 455; doubtful if the President has acted with propriety or not, 455; particulars of the case, 455; further debate, 456; motion to postpone negatived, 456; adoption of the resolution negatived, 456; Mr. Livingston's resolutions considered, 457; record of Circuit Court of New Jersey, 457; change of conduct in the Executive, 457; Committee disagree with Mr. Livingston's resolutions, 457; will the House concur, considered, 457; conduct of the Executive cannot be justly charged with the errors imputed to it, 458; the case within the 27th article of the Treaty between U. S. and Great Britain, 458; was the murder committed within the jurisdiction of Great Britain, 458; extent of a nation's jurisdiction examined, 458; jurisdiction of a nation at sea, 459; illustrations, 459; piracy, 459, 460; application of the Treaty, 460; act of Congress considered, 461; does not comprehend case of murder committed in a foreign ship of war, 461; English cases cited, 462; indictments found at Trenton, 462; bearing on jurisdiction, 462; secondly, the case was a case for Executive not Judicial decision, 462; this point examined, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466; the President, in exercising this power and in performing the duty it enjoins, has not committed an unauthorized interference with Judicial decisions, 467;

this point examined, 467, 468; House agree with Committee of the Whole in their disagreement to the resolutions, 469; committee discharged from further consideration, 469.

ROSS, JAMES, Senator from Penn., 6, 119, 171, 322, 400, 485, 665; on disputed presidential elections, 406; on the Mississippi question, 668. See Index, vol. 1.

Rules for the Election of President reported, 529.

RUTHERFORD, JOHN, Senator from New Jersey, 3, 117, 175. See Index, vol. 1.

RUTHERFORD, ROBERT, Representative from Va., 14; on the address to the President, 28; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 41; on petition of Hugh L. White, 49; on liability of U. S. to a State for war expenses, 51; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 58; on compensation of President and other officers, 65; on increase of duties on sugar, 72; on increase of duties on salt, 75; on the accommodation of the President, 89, 91. See Index, vol. 1.

RUTLEDGE, JOHN, Jr., Representative from South Carolina, 121, 179, 326, 429, 505, 694; on answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 132; on exempting bank notes from stamp duties, 158; on answer to President's message, 181; on the Quakers' memorial, 183, 187; on naval expenditure, 198; on report on the Quakers' memorial, 209; on the limits of Georgia, 222; on relations with France, 228; on the bill to raise a provisional army, 246, 248; on the naturalization laws, 256; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 263; on intercourse with France, 294; on the capture of French vessels, 362; on petition of free blacks, 437, 438, 440, 441, 442; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 451, 454; on the bill against the slave-trade, 475, 476; on reporting the debates, 508; for a mausoleum to Washington, 514; on a bill relative to District of Columbia, 523; on repeal of internal taxes, 579; on the collection of internal revenue, 590; on reducing duties on imports, 591; on imprisonment for debt, 593; against repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 632; in favor of relief for French spoliations, 645; on a public discussion of cession of Louisiana, 698; on taking up the French spoliation subject, 733.

Savannah, relief to.--Resolution to afford some relief to the sufferers by the late fire at Savannah, debated, 39; most calamitous event of the kind in United States--relief was granted to sufferers by fire at St. Domingo--if it was just in case of foreigners, it was equally so in the case of citizens, 40; if the unfortunate have any claim on the Government, none could have greater, 40; the city is a wide waste of ruin, 40; if relief is granted in this case, it should be also to New York and Charleston, and other places, 40; no occasion for insurance companies if Government makes good these losses, 40; the principle a bad one, 40; this is a distinct case, 40; the loss unexampled--only a contribution is asked, 40; it will not serve as a precedent, 40; motion to go into Committee of the Whole lost, 40; motion to discharge the committee made, 40; more respect due to the feelings of the sufferers than to dispose of the subject without discussion, 40; the Legislature of Pennsylvania had contributed, 40; $10,000 were given to sufferers in St. Domingo, 40; relief granted to the daughters of Count de Grasse, 41; too tenacious about approaching the treasury, 41; duty of Government to relieve such distress, 41; what would $30,000 be when divided among all the people of the Union, 41; motion to go into Committee of the Whole carried, 41; neither the act for relief to sufferers in St. Domingo, nor to the daughters of Count de Grasse, in point, 41; let gentlemen put their finger on that part of the constitution which gave the House power to grant relief, 41; if the United States become underwriters for the whole Union, where shall the line be drawn? 41; the constitution does not authorize any such grant, 41; our duty to grant relief from humanity and from policy, 41; no difference between the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of Pennsylvania, yet the House of the latter had voted unanimously, 42; members, as individuals, can subscribe, but it is not constitutional to afford relief from the treasury, 42; if the principle is adopted it should be general--every sufferer has an equal claim, 42; motion to add Lexington to Savannah, 42; the House cannot undertake to make good individual misfortunes, 42; but the line is distinct between individual and national, and this is a national calamity, 42; Savannah and Lexington should not be united, 43; the former is an important place, 43; Lexington had not asked for relief, 43; our duty to pay claims of distressed soldiers first, 43; this amendment designed to defeat a laudable object, 43; this case a sharp conflict between humanity and the constitution, 43; amendment lost, 43; the greatness of the calamity is admitted and the disposition to relieve entire--a written constitution, however, prescribes the manner in which money shall be drawn from the treasury, yet it is impossible to obtain absolute directions in every case, 43; the objects are specified in the eighth section, yet many laws have passed not exactly specified, 43; the constitution cannot be administered under so rigorous and mechanical a construction, 43; the principle is the thing aimed at for establishment, 44; it is not what generosity and humanity require, but what the constitution and duty require, 44; disagreed to in committee, 44.

SCHUREMAN, JAMES, Representative from New Jersey, 121, 180, 326; Senator from New Jersey, 400, 481; resigns seat in Senate, 487. See Index, vol. 1.

Seat of Government, resolution relative to proper measures to be adopted preparatory to removal of, 470; bill to make further progress for removal and accommodation of the Government considered, 472; motion to fill blanks for expenses, 473. See Index, vol. 1.

SEDGWICK, THEODORE, Senator from Massachusetts, 5, 114, 171; elected President pro tem. of Senate, 173; Representative from Massachusetts, 429, 497; elected Speaker, 429; speech, 429; acknowledges thanks of House, 538. See Index, vol. 1.

Seditious practices, bill for restraint of, 295; details of do., 296; bill for the punishment of certain crimes against the United States considered, 305; its outlines, 305; motion to reject it, 305; necessity of the law, 305; extensive combinations exist, 306; freedom of the press an example, 306; effects of such liberty in France, 306; true meaning of liberty of the press, 306; its extent in this country, 307; it is striking at the root of a republican government to restrict the use of speaking and writing, 307; features of the bill, 307; the bill in direct opposition to the constitution, 308; operation of such laws, 308; does the situation of the country require any law of this kind, 308; the bill has two objects--to punish conspiracies and calumnies against the Government, 309; question on rejection of the bill lost, 310; question on its passage, 316; not within the powers of the House to act on this subject, 316; consider its effects, 316; had the constitution cognizance of these offences, and had its amendments taken that away? 317; this is the commencement of a system which may be extended to religious establishments, 317; prosecutions for libel cannot take place under general Government, 318; further debate, 318; bill passed, 319.

Resolution that it is inexpedient to repeal the sedition law considered, 378; objectionable clause, 378; the constitutional argument in relation thereto, 379; power of Congress over the press, 379; is it proper for Congress to possess the power claimed for it, 380; arguments in support of it examined, 381, 382, 383, 384; resolution carried, 384; question that the bill for repeal of part be engrossed, 535; grounds upon which the original bill was passed, 535; experience of the last two years, 535; further remarks, 536; engrossment refused, 536.

Senate.--Reply to the valedictory of John Adams as Vice President, 9; special session at inauguration of John Adams, 10; meets the House to count votes for President, 62; answer to President Adams' first message, 117; adjournment of, at 1st session, 5th Congress, 119; answer to President's message, 2d session, 5th Congress, 169; Legislative session adjourned, 175; Executive session, 175; adjourned, 178; answer to President's message at 3d session, 5th Congress, 322; form of warrant of, to be issued for apprehension of William Duane, 426; adjournment 1st session, 6th Congress, 427; message to House on eulogium to Washington, 447; answer to President's message 2d session, 6th Congress, 483; answer to address of Jefferson on retiring from Vice Presidency, 488; special session convened March 4, 1801, 489; secret session to ratify convention with French Republic, 492; adjourns 1st session, 7th Congress, 569.

SEWALL, SAMUEL, Representative from Massachusetts, 15, 120, 180, 326, 429; on expatriation, 149, 150, 152; on tax on lawyers, 156; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 161; on the Quakers' memorial, 184; against weekly licenses to distillers, 194; on naval expenditure, 197; on breach of privilege, 205, 208; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 212; on relations with France, 228; on a provisional army, 243; on establishing the navy department, 249; on the naturalization laws, 253, 256, 259; on a provisional army, 275; on the persons to be excluded from citizenship, 278, 279; on bill relative to treatment of alien enemies, 281, 282, 283; on instructions to armed vessels, 286; on a marine corps, 292; on intercourse with France, 293; on the abrogation of the treaty with France, 310, 312.

SHEAFE, JAMES, Senator from New Hampshire, 544.

SHEPARD, WILLIAM, Representative from Massachusetts, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; on military appropriations, 252; on the bill relative to the protection of commerce, 288.

SHERBURNE, JOHN S., Representative from New Hampshire, 14; on the address to the President, 20; on the accommodation of the President, 92. See Index, vol. 1.

SINNICKSON, THOMAS, Representative from New Jersey, 121, 179, 329. See Index, vol. 1.

SITGREAVES, SAMUEL, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14, 120, 180; on the address to the President, 17, 24, 31; on land for Canadian refugees, 45; on kidnapping negroes, 47; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 58; on the accommodation of the President, 88, 89, 90; on naval appropriations, 99, 100, 104; on liberation of Lafayette, 109; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 132, 140; on expatriation, 150, 152; on tax on lawyers, 156; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 158, 160; on foreign intercourse, 201; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 211, 212, 214; on relations with France, 225; on the naturalization laws, 256, 258, 260; on a new census for a direct tax, 265; on admission of aliens to citizenship, 279; on letters of marque, 299; on the abrogation of the treaty with France, 310, 311. See Index, vol. 1.

Slave Act, Mississippi, for bringing slaves into, 427.

Slavery, prohibiting it in a Territory, see Territories.

Slavery, prohibition of, in a Territory, debate on, 217.

Slave Trade, &c., bill from Senate to prohibit carrying on, considered, 474; manner of the passage of the former act, 474; conveniences of the commerce, 475; further debate, 475; most defective bill, 475; motion to refer to a select committee, 476; too late in the session, 476; the New England States should enjoy the profit of this traffic as well as the English, 476; present law does not stop the trade, 476; its extent, 476; bill committed, 476; bill passed, 477.

Slavery and Slave Trade.--See Index, vol. 1.

Slaves emancipated from West Indies, memorial respecting, 725.

SKINNER, THOMPSON J., Representative from Massachusetts, 57, 182.

SMILIE, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 429, 497, 569, 693; on petition of free blacks, 437; against a mausoleum to Washington, 513; on bill relative to District of Columbia, 523, 524, 526; on the apportionment bill, 574; on repeal of internal taxes, 580; on imprisonment for debt, 593; on call for papers relative to cession of Louisiana, 699; on amendment to the Bankrupt Act, 724; on compensation to the ex-United States judges 730; on taking up the French spoliation subject, 788; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 736; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 738. See Index, vol. 1.

SMITH, DANIEL, Senator from Tennessee, 321.

SMITH, ISAAC, Representative from New Jersey, 14; on kidnapping negroes, 46.

SMITH, ISRAEL, Representative from Vermont, 14, 569, 694.

SMITH, JEREMIAH, Representative from New Hampshire, 14, 121; on the accommodation of the President, 91; on a direct tax on slaves, 53.

SMITH, JOHN, Representative from New York, 497, 569, 693.

SMITH, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 569, 693.

SMITH, JOHN COTTON, Representative from Connecticut, 497, 569, 693; on a mausoleum to Washington, 516.

SMITH, JOSIAH, Representative from Massachusetts, 569, 693.

SMITH, NATHANIEL, Representative from Connecticut, 14, 120, 179, 326; on naval appropriations, 78; on expatriation, 151; on foreign intercourse, 203; on relations with France, 231; on the naturalization laws, 256; on a provisional army, 274; on bill relative to treatment of alien enemies, 281.

SMITH, SAMUEL, Representative from Maryland, 14, 135, 180, 326, 569, 693, 429, 497; on a direct tax on slaves, 54; on increase of duties on sugar, 73, 74; on tacking bills, 77; on indirect taxes, 84; on arming merchant vessels, 147, 148; on relations with France, 241; on a provisional army, 247; on establishing the Navy Department, 249; on the naturalization laws, 254; on temporary direct tax, 271; on direct taxes, 303; on abrogation of treaty with France, 313; on intercourse with France, 320; on intercourse With France and St. Domingo, 334, 339; on the law of retaliation, 388; on reporting the debates, 510; on protection against the Barbary powers, 571; on the apportionment bill, 576; on the Mediterranean trade, 584; on French spoliations, 640, 647; on call for papers relative to cession of Louisiana, 698, 700, 715; on amendment to the Bankrupt Act, 725. See Index, vol. 1.

SMITH, SAMUEL H., memorial to House relative to reporting the debates, 505; letter to Senate respecting reports of their proceedings, 545.

SMITH, WILLIAM, Representative from South Carolina, 14, 121, 179, 326; on address to the President, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 40, 41; on kidnapping negroes, 46, 47; on liability of United States to a State for war expenses, 50; on printing expenditure, 57; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 59, 60; on the purchase of a site for a navy yard, 66; on increase of duties, 71; on naval appropriation, 76, 78, 79; on indirect taxes, 83; on military and naval appropriations, 94; on the military establishment, 96, 97, 98; on naval appropriations, 99, 101, 104; on military and naval appropriations, 107; on liberation of Lafayette, 109; answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 127, 139, 141; offered resolutions relative to defensive measures, 144, 145; on resolutions relative to defensive measures, 146; to provide further naval force, 148, 149; on expatriation, 150, 151, 152; on tax on lawyers, 156; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 157, 159, 161; on duty on stamps, 162; on additional duty on salt, 163; appointed Minister to Portugal, 180. See Index, vol. 1.

SOUTHARD, HENRY, Representative from New Jersey, 569, 693; against resolution relative to extinguishing State balances, 596; to postpone resolution relative to the mint, 695; on jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 741.

South Carolina.--Vote for President, 62, 487; militia, vindication of, 273.

SPAIGHT, RICHARD DOBBS, Representative from North Carolina, 328, 497; on intercourse with France, 345.

SPRAGUE, PELEG, Representative from New Hampshire, 191, 326; on intercourse with France, 346.

SPRIGG, RICHARD, JUNR., Representative from Maryland, 14, 120, 179, 569; on a National University, 36, 38; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 41; on compensation of President and other officers, 64; on relations with France, 225, 226.

SPRIGG, THOMAS, Representative from Maryland, 60. See Index, vol. 1.

STANFORD, RICHARD, Representative from North Carolina, 121, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693.

STANLEY, JOHN, Representative from North Carolina, 569, 693; against repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 597; on the reading the letter of James McHenry, 696.

STANTON, JOSEPH, JUNR., Representative from Rhode Island, 569, 693.

State Balances, report of committee on 534; resolution for a committee to inquire into expediency of extinguishing certain balances due from States, &c., 594; debate thereon, 594, 595, 596; motion lost, 596; report of committee, 639; bill to extinguish claims of United States against certain States considered, 640; some of the States believe they were wronged in the settlement made, 640; rule adopted for apportioning the expenses of the war considered, 640; the original contract, 640; effect of adopting an enumeration of inhabitants made seven or eight years after the war, 641; the rule unjust and unequal, 641; what has New York done? 641; further debate, 642; bill ordered to be engrossed, 642; bill postponed, 647.

Stenographer to the Senate, admission of, 545; to the House, debate on, 583, 584.

STERRET, LIEUT., his officers and crew, 592.

STEWART, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 528, 569, 693.

STOCKTON, RICHARD, Senator from New Jersey, 3, 117, 165, 321.

STODDERT, BENJAMIN, letter of to commanders of armed vessels, 333.

STONE, DAVID, Representative from North Carolina, 429, 498, 545, 664; on the repeal of the Judiciary Establishment, 558.

STRATTON, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 569, 696.

STRUDWICK, WILLIAM, Representative from North Carolina, 17.

Suability of States.--On report authorizing the President to make inquiry if certain States adopted proposed amendment to constitution on suability of States, 86; question whether eleven States ratifying the ten amendments in 1791, should be considered three-fourths of fourteen, or whether a division of States could be made? 86; the fourth part of fourteen is three and a half, if a State cannot be divided, then four States must be taken instead of three and a half as one-fourth of fourteen, 87; eleven States have ratified the amendments, but are not twelve of the fourteen required, 87; discussion of the subject, 87, 88.

SUMTER, THOMAS, Representative from South Carolina, 121, 188, 429, 497; Senator from South Carolina, 545, 569, 661; vindication of South Carolina militia, 273.

SWANWICK, JOHN, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14, 120, 179; on the address to the President, 20, 24, 26; on kidnapping negroes, 45, 46, 47; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 58; on the purchase of a site for a navy yard, 66; on increase of duties on sugar, 72, 73; on naval appropriations, 76, 77, 99, 100, 103; on liberation of Lafayette, 108; on answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 135; on defensive measures, 144, 147; on a naval armament, 154; moves ten dollars duty on attorney's licenses, 155; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 159; on the Quakers' memorial, 183. See Index, vol. 1.

SWIFT, ZEPHANIAH, Representative from Connecticut, 14. See Index, vol. 1.

SYMMES, JOHN C.--Contract for land, 70; particulars of his case, 81; case of, 567.

TALIAFERRO, BENJAMIN, Representative from Georgia, 429, 497.

TALIAFERRO, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 569, 694.

TALLEYRAND, letter to American Minister in Paris, 304.

TALLMADGE, BENJAMIN, Representative from Connecticut, 569, 693.

TATTNALL, JOSIAH, Senator from Georgia, 6, 114, 171, 323.

Taxes, direct and indirect, proposition for a tax on land and on slaves, 52; should be separated, 52; associated together in order to do justice, and conform to the established usage of a large tract of country where one tax without the other was objectionable, 52; the resolution for a tax on land carried, 52.

Direct tax on slaves considered, 52; reason for bringing this species of personal property under view whilst all other personal property unnoticed, 52; slaves are laborers--not right to vote to tax laborers, 53; a tax on slaves would lighten the tax on land in the Southern States--would the tax on land be equal? 53; a direct tax should be equal as possible, 53; a tax on slaves the most productive tax in the Southern States, 54; exact equality impossible, 54; personal property in the Southern States should not bear a part of the burden whilst exempted elsewhere, 54; the objections can be completely obviated, 54; enumeration of slaves adds to the expense, 55; propriety of taxing personal property in one State and not in another, 55; the South is ready to pay the tax on slaves, 55; those who oppose the tax on slaves oppose all direct taxes, 56; motion to tax slaves carried, 56; note, 56; income and expenditure considered, 82; doubtful if a majority of the country in favor of the measure, 82; no deficiency in the revenue at present to make additional taxes necessary, 82; great argument for direct taxes is the uncertainty of a revenue from commerce, 82; receipts of 1797, 83; expenses of 1798, 83; receipts and expenditures of 1797, 83; for a sufficiency of revenue for 1798 direct taxes required, 84; a plan for direct taxes should be formed in case of extremity, 84; revenue for 1797, 84; estimated expenses for 1797, 85.

Bill for Stamp Duties, 149; do. considered, 155; moved to add certificates of naturalization, 155; naturalized persons cannot refuse to pay a small tax for the right of citizenship, 155; tax would fall heavy on persons who came here to live by their labor, 155; amendment carried, 155.

Moved to tax lawyers' licenses $10, 155; carried, 155; moved to extend the tax to lawyers in State, as well as United States courts, 155; lawyers in some States already highly taxed, 155; if a tax of this kind is right, it might be extended to any other officer of State Governments, 156; not unconstitutional, 156; State lawyers a fair object for taxation--motion withdrawn, 156.

Moved to tax deeds of conveyance, 156; this would clash with State jurisdiction, 156; the tax a good and profitable one, 156; interferes with State Governments, 156; further debated, 156; motion lost, 157.

Clause exempting bank-notes, moved to strike out, 157; all notes should be placed on the same footing, 157; subject too important and intricate for this session, 157; object is to tax the right an individual has of transferring his property and the evidences of it, 157; no objection to the principle, but to the convenience of the thing, 157; it is said, do not meddle with corporations, 157; it cannot be proved that stamping bank notes will embarrass their circulation, 158; motion essentially just and right, 158; operation of the tax considered, 158; objections considered, 158; foreign banks commute with their governments, 159; the introduction of this principle will destroy the bill, 159; analogy between private notes and bank notes? 159; great difficulties attend its operation, 159; no danger of a run on a bank, 159; a beginning should be made, 160; not the intention of opponents to screen the moneyed interest, 160; how shall the tax be arranged, 160; commutation can be made, 160; amount of the tax less than one per cent., 161; difference between bank and individual notes, 161; an estimate showing the operation of the tax on banks, 161; further debate, 162; bill passed, 162; note, 162.

Duties on Distilled Spirits, and on stills under debate, 193; proposition to allow to distillers weekly licenses, 194; designed to accommodate distillers from fruit, 194; distillers from fruit pay less duty than distillers from grain, 194; this proposition will give them an unfair advantage, 194; other objections in detail, 194; most distillers of peach-brandy now excluded under present law from distilling early fruit, 194; reason in favor at length, 194; capacity of peach stills, 195; motion carried, 195; present law on entry of stills, 195; four cents per gallon on weekly licenses adopted, 195; bill of Senate referred to a select committee, 302; resolution to inquire into the expediency of repealing laws laying duties on stills, distilled spirits, &c., considered, 579; time to commence proceedings on this subject, 579; it reduces the revenue, 579; reasons for referring the subject stated, 579; other subjects to be decided before this should be, 579; motion seeks information, 580; should be taken up at once, 580; President said the taxes might be dispensed with, if expenses were reduced, 580; information needed, 580; further debate, 580, 581; reference carried, 581.

Resolution to raise additional revenue annually by tax on land, houses, and slaves, to be apportioned according to the last census, considered in committee, 265; moved to strike out last census, 265; proper to have new census before the tax was assessed, 265; great inconvenience thereby incurred, 265; debate upon the census for taxation, 265; on report to the House moved to strike out "annually," 266; the tax not wanted for permanent revenue, but to meet present exigencies, 266; examination of present revenue, 266; the present revenues are equal to the expenditures, including redemption of public debt, except in case of war, 267; imposts and tonnage yielded a million more than the estimate, 267; arguments are presented as if a state of profound peace prevailed, and the defences of the country of no importance, 267; course of members on this subject, 268; censure of the House by members, 268; debate adjourned, 269; motion to strike out "annually" withdrawn, and limitation moved, 270; if laid for a number of years, the tax will be more unpopular, 271; it depends on a contingency whether the tax will be wanted or not, 271; it is a new tax, unsatisfactory to some parts, and should be of short duration, 271; no question about the propriety of levying a direct tax--only difference related to time of operation, 271; fears of the member from Pennsylvania, 272; two reasons against striking out the word "annually," 272; amendment lost, 272; word "annually" struck out, 272; bill providing for the valuation of houses and lands and enumeration of slaves read a third time, 302; the tax will bear hard on Kentucky, money is so scarce there, 302; such is the case of Tennessee, 302; both States have many advantages in respect to this tax, 302; the money was necessary, and the law as good as it well could be made, 308; loans and taxes the only resource, 303; no other objects so suitable for taxation, 303; fears respecting the ability of Kentucky and Tennessee not be realized, 303; tax not just and equal, 304; every species of property should be taxed, 304; bill passed, 304; bill to amend act for laying and collecting direct tax considered, 586; repeals clause for redemption of land sold for unpaid taxes, 586; this clause inoperative on account of its expense, 586; will be a hardship to non-residents, 587; non-payment had arisen in Southern States from a want of collectors, 587; committee rose, 587.

TAZEWELL, HENRY, Senator from Virginia, 5, 117, 323; decease of, 344. See Index, vol. 1.

TAZEWELL, LYTTLETON W., Representative from Virginia, 498.

Tennessee, vote for President, 62, 487; admission of, see Index, vol. 1.

TENNEY, SAMUEL, Representative from New Hampshire, 505, 569, 693.

Territories.--Subject of fixing the limits of Georgia, and erecting the Mississippi territory considered, 217; amendment proposed, "after the consent of the Legislature of Georgia shall have been obtained," 217; claim of the United States to this territory examined, 217; to proceed without consent of Georgia unconstitutional, 218; United States possess the right, 218; who is the judge? 218; amendment will defeat the bill, 218; shall the territory remain defenceless? 218; question of right examined, 218; point of right be settled hereafter, 218; terms required by Georgia, 219; proposed measure absolutely necessary for the people of that territory, 219; arguments so far do not show the right of the United States, but only the convenience of the measure, 219; advantages of the measure to Georgia as a protection against the Indians, 219; most proper that the amendment should be adopted, 219; the only reason for the amendment is, that if the bill pass without it, offence will be given to Georgia, 220; neither party has governed the territory, and Georgia cannot take offence in we hold it till the dispute is settled, 220; particulars relative to the territory, 220; Georgia always disposed to cede, 221; further discussion, 221; amendment lost, 221.

Clause providing that slavery shall not be forbidden, motion to strike out, 221; clause very proper in the North-western Territory, but very improper in the Mississippi Territory, 221; it would banish all the settlers, and exclude those intending to go there, 221; Congress should so far respect the rights of humanity as not to legalize slavery any further than it now exists, 222; is it proper on every occasion to bring forward the Southern States in an odious light? 222; an immediate insurrection will take place if this is adopted, 222; the motion will not be withdrawn, 222; the tendency of this motion is not really to further the rights of man, 223; it is a serious attack on the property of the country, 223; the amendment should not be rejected on the ground of jurisdiction, 223; only objection to the amendment is with regard to the people settled there, 223; interest of the United States to reject the amendment, 223; spreading the blacks over the country, 224; question negatived, 224; note, 224.

Report on the credentials of the Delegate from the Mississippi Territory, 576; Georgia has the right to the soil, and the laws of Congress for the government of the Territory are void, 576; the Delegate has no right to a seat, 576; no further proceedings should take place till the dispute is settled, 576; the only question is whether the member is duly chosen, 576; wait till the dispute is settled, 577; let the report lie on the table, and the member keep his seat according to former practice, 577; sufficient facts to decide the case without prejudicing the claims of Georgia, 577; report agreed to, 578.

THATCHER, GEORGE, Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 498, 693; on the address to the President, 20; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 57, 59; on answer to President Adams' first message, 124, 140; on the Quakers' memorial, 183, 187; on breach of privilege, 208; on report on Quakers' memorial, 209; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 210, 211; on the limits of Georgia, 221, 222, 223, 224; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 263; on petition of free blacks, 438, 440, 442, 443; on reporting the debates, 509. See Index, vol. 1.

THOMAS, DAVID, Representative from New York, 569, 693; in favor of a bill to extinguish State balances, 640.

THOMAS, JOHN CHEW, Representative from Maryland, 429, 497.

THOMAS, RICHARD, Representative from Pennsylvania, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497.

THOMPSON, JOHN, Representative from New York, 429, 497.

THOMPSON, MARK, Representative from New Jersey, 14, 120, 180, 329. See Index, vol. 1.

THOMPSON, PHILIP R., Representative from Virginia, 569, 693.

TICHENOR, ISAAC, Senator from Vermont, 3, 113.

TILLINGHAST, THOMAS, Representative from Rhode Island, 179, 326, 569, 693.

Title, of President, &c., see Index, vol. 1.

TRACY, URIAH, Senator from Connecticut, 3, 113, 165, 322, 399, 481, 541, 661; on breach of privilege, 409, 416, 418; elected President of Senate, pro tem. 427. See Index, vol. 1.

Treason and Sedition, bill to define, 175.

Treasury Department, bill providing that the Secretary shall lay before Congress annual report with plans for improving revenue, &c., 478; House only has right to originate money bills, 478; not Senate or Secretary, 478; ordered to third reading, 478. See Index, vol. 1, Executive Departments.

Treaty with Great Britain, motion that no person be delivered up under the 27th article, 476; debated, 476; lost, 476. See Index, vol. 1.

TRIGG, ABRAM, Representative from Virginia, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 694.

TRIGG, JOHN, Representative from Virginia, 121, 179, 326, 497, 569, 693.

TRUMBULL, JOHN, presents to the Senate two prints, 400; letter to House, offering two prints, 430; note, 430.

TRUXTON, CAPTAIN, resolution to present a medal to, 469; no official information received on the subject, 470; resolution does not go far enough, 470; resolution to call for information adopted, 470; report of Secretary of the Navy in accordance therewith, 470; resolutions considered, 471; was it the duty of the commander of the Constellation to persist in the chase, and compel to action a ship of such superior force? 471; rash conduct, 471; law of Congress prescribes duty of naval commanders, 471; nothing in their conduct but what was highly laudatory, 471; frigates were constructed for protecting commerce--was this protecting commerce, to reduce his ship to a wreck? 472; resolution carried, 472.

United States Judges, memorial of to Senate, 665; petitions of, 727.

UPHAM, GEORGE P., Representative from New Hampshire, 569, 693.

VAN ALLEN, JONATHAN E., Representative from New York, 14, 120, 179, 326. See Index, vol. 1.

Van Cortlandt, Philip, Representative from New York, 14, 120, 180, 329, 429, 497.

VAN HORN, ISAAC, Representative from Pennsylvania, 569, 693.

VAN NESS, JOHN P., Representative from New York, 569, 693; on the apportionment bill, 574; case of, considered, 696; the member of the House has exercised the authority of a major of militia, under the authority of the United States, and thereby forfeited his seat, resolution to inquire considered, 696; important as deciding a principle, 696; resolution should go to committee on elections, 696; reference ordered, 697; report of committee, 725; explanation of Van Ness, 726; resolutions unanimously adopted; on the case of Van Ness, 697, 726.

VAN RENSSELAER, KILLIAN K., Representative from New York, 569, 693.

VARNUM, JOSEPH BRADLEY, Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 120, 179, 326, 429, 497, 569, 693; on the petition of manumitted slaves, 60; on military appropriations, 98, 99; on military and naval appropriations, 107; on tax on lawyers' licenses, 155; on the Georgia limits, 221; on temporary direct tax, 272; on bill relative to protection to commerce, 291; on a marine corps, 292; on direct taxes, 304; on the case of Jonathan Robbins, 455; on repeal of internal taxes, 580. See Index, vol. 1.

VENABLE, ABRAHAM, Representative from Virginia, 14, 120, 180, 326; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 42; on lands for Canadian refugees, 45; on naval appropriations, 76, 77, 101, 103; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 140; on expatriation, 151; on exempting bank notes from stamp duty, 157, 159; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 212; on the naturalization laws, 255, 256; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 263; relative to letters of marque, 297. See Index, vol. 1.

Vermont.--Vote for President, 62, 487.

Veto of army bill, by President Washington, 95.

VINING, JOHN, Senator from Delaware, 6,114. See Index, vol. 1.

Virginia.--Vote for President, 62, 487.

WADSWORTH, PELEG, Representative from Massachusetts, 14, 179, 326, 429, 497, 570, 693. See Index, vol. 1.

WALKER, BENJAMIN, Representative from New York, 569.

WALN, ROBERT, Representative from Pennsylvania, 326, 529, 497; presents petition of free blacks, 436, 437; on petition of free blacks, 438, 440, 441; on the bill prohibiting the slave-trade, 476.

WASHINGTON, reply to address of Senate, 5; present at the inauguration of John Adams, 11; note 11; vote for, as President, in 1796, 62; vetoes army bill, 96; administration of, note, 111; letter accepting Lieutenant-Generalship, 177; as Lieutenant General, visits the House, 327; Mrs., reply to resolutions of Congress, 405; his death announced to House, 483; memory of, resolution on, 478; bill for erecting mausoleum reported, 478; discussion, 478; bill passed, 479; in Senate, bill to erect mausoleum, considered, 485; amendments agreed to, 486; bill passed, 486; bill to erect a mausoleum considered, 503; first section, 503; amendment moved to erect a monument, 503; a mausoleum preferable to a monument, 503; propriety of a monument, 503; a mausoleum more imperishable, 503; the adoption of the amendment equivalent to rejecting every plan, 504; expense of the proposed measure, 504; difference of expense between the two measures, 511; proceedings of last session, 512; bill recommitted, 512; proceedings of Congress in 1783; bill reported for a mausoleum as before, excepting a difference in materials, 513; various amendments proposed, 513; expense discussed, 514; blank filled with $200,000, 514; bill on third reading, 515; equestrian statue more proper than a mausoleum, 515; suitableness of a mausoleum, 515; the idea that a mausoleum would be equal to the character of Washington preposterous, 516; a tedious and useless debate, 516; a departure from the original plan a violation of the feelings of Mrs. Washington, 516; further debate, 517; bill ordered to be engrossed, 518; bill passed, 522; amendments of Senate considered, 538; House agree, 538. See Index, vol. 1, Washington.

Washington City, first meeting of Congress at, 481.

WATSON, JAMES, Senator from New York, 322, 399.

WELLS, WILLIAM HILL, Senator from Delaware, 323, 400, 481, 540, 664; on the resolutions relative to the right of the United States to the free navigation of the Mississippi, 680.

Western lands, resolutions relative to, 448.

WHEATON, JOSEPH, elected sergeant-at-arms to House, 430, 569.

WHITE, HUGH LAWSON, petition of, 48; report of committee on, 48; claim of, for services against the Indians, 48; committee report the expedition as undertaken without authority from the President, under laws of the United States, but the Indians highly aggressive, 48; note, 48; expedition just and necessary, 48; Indians carried the station and threatened to carry the seat of government, 48; the rations found for the troops on the expedition had been paid for, and no reason exists why the whole expense should not be paid, 49; if the expedition was unconstitutional, it should not affect the soldier who was obliged to obey his superior, 49; if this claim is allowed, it establishes a principle for all the militia in that expedition, 49; the expedition was a necessary one, 49; Congress were in session, and received information, but took no order thereon, 50; the constitution prescribes that if a State is actually invaded, it may engage in war; this is a case coming within the constitutional limits, 50; note, 50; referred to a select committee, 51; note, 52.

WHITE, Right Rev. Bishop, appointed chaplain to Senate, 166. See Index, vol. 1.

WHITE, SAMUEL, Senator from Delaware, 540, 661, 665; on the apportionment bill, 550; on the Mississippi question, 671.

WILLIAMS, JOHN, Representative from New York, 14, 120, 179, 326; on the address to the President, 18; on compensation of President and other officers, 64; on increase of duties on sugar, 71, 72; on the accommodation of the President, 90; on the military establishment, 96; on answer of House to President Adams' first message, 139; on arming merchant-vessels, 147; on a naval armament, 154; on relief to daughters of Count de Grasse, 195; on expenditure for the naval service, 196; on the case of Griswold and Lyon, 210, 211, and 212; on the limits of Georgia, 219; on relations with France, 232; on establishing the Navy Department, 248, 251; on a new census for a direct tax, 265; on a direct tax, 268; on admission of aliens to citizenship, 279; on instructions to armed vessels, 286; on the bill relative to protection to commerce, 288; on direct taxes, 303; on intercourse with France, 347. See Index, vol. 1.

WILLIAMS, LEMUEL, Representative from Massachusetts, 429, 497, 569, 693.

WILLIAMS, ROBERT, Representative from North Carolina, 121, 179, 725; on a tax on lawyers, 156; advocates weekly license to distillers, 194; on the Griswold and Lyon case, 215; on establishing the Navy Department, 251; on presents to ministers by foreign courts, 263; a bill relative to treatment of alien enemies, 284; relative to letters of marque, 297; relative to State balances, 595; on considering the French spoliations, 734.

WOODS, HENRY, Representative from Pennsylvania, 429, 497, 569, 693.

WOOSTER, GENERAL, and others, bill relative to, 664.

WRIGHT, ROBERT, Senator from Maryland, 540, 661; on memorial of United States Judges, 667.

WYNN, THOMAS, Representative from North Carolina, 693.

Yeas and Nays in Senate on bill to accommodate the President, 9; in the House on amended answer to President's message, 33; on relief to sufferers by fire at Savannah, 44; on a direct tax on land, 52; on a direct tax on slaves, 56; in House on naval appropriations, 79; in House on bill relative to Mediterranean Powers, 81; on the appropriation for the accommodation of the President, 92; in House on naval appropriation, 105; in House on bill relative to military and naval appropriations, 107; on adoption of answer of House to President Adams' 1st message, 142; on a bill providing for a naval armament, 155; on bill laying stamp duty, 162; on bill laying additional duties on salt, 164; in Senate on act to declare treaty with France void, 173; in Senate on resolution authorizing Minister to Spain to receive presents, 173; in Senate on bill to define and punish treason and sedition, 173, 175; relative to landing French passengers, 174; do. on census bill, 174; on motion to reconsider do. 174; on enumeration of slaves, 174; on bill to encourage capture of French armed vessels, 175; on bill making appropriations for a naval force, 175; on expulsion of Matthew Lyon, 208; relative to claim of Amy Dardin, 213; on the Griswold and Lyon case, 216; on the bill establishing the Navy Department, 252; on the resolution relative to presents to our Ministers at foreign courts, 264; on the bill to raise a provisional army, 276; on the bill relative to alien enemies, 286; on the bill relative to protection of commerce, 291; on resolutions granting letters of marque, 300; on the sedition bill, 310; on the abrogation of the treaty with France, 316; on bill for sedition and punishment of crimes, 319; on instructions to armed vessels, 319; in Senate on non-intercourse with France, 324; do. on aliens holding lands in the Territories, 324; do. on vesting power of retaliation in President, 324; in Senate on increase of army, 325; on increase of salaries, 325; on acceptance of jurisdiction over Western Reserve, 325; on establishing United States post office, 325; on bill relative to intercourse with France, 347; on bill to increase the navy, 356; on agreeing to report of committee relative to capture of French vessels, 364; on the expulsion of Matthew Lyon, 372; on repeal of alien and sedition law, 384; on amendments to bill relative to disputed Presidential elections, 408; in Senate on resolution relative to breach of privilege, 421; on resolutions of Committee on Privileges, 422; on adopting form of warrant of Senate for apprehension of William Duane, 426; on Mississippi Slave Act, 427; relative to petition of free blacks, 444; on resolutions in case of Jonathan Robbins, 469; on the medal to Captain Truxton, 472; on postponing the bill relative to admirals in the navy, 474; on bill prohibiting the slave trade, 477; on the bill to erect a mausoleum for Washington, 479; in Senate relative to mausoleum for Washington, 486; relative to reporting the debates, 511; on the bill for a mausoleum to Washington, 518; on passage, 522; on the engrossment of the bill to repeal a part of the sedition act, 536; on bill in House to establish uniform system of bankruptcy, 536; on Senate amendments to bill for mausoleum to Washington, 538; in Senate on admission of a stenographer, 545; on the apportionment bill, 551; in Senate on the repeal of the Judiciary Establishment, 565; note, 565; on bill for State Government of Ohio, 566; on bill for relief of widows and orphans of naval and marine officers, 566; on repeal of Judiciary Establishment, 638; on bill amending naturalization laws, 639; on the bill relative to Ohio State Government, 653, 654; on passage of bill relative to Judiciary System, 655; in Senate on agreeing to report on memorial of United States Judges, 668; in Senate on the resolutions relative to the right of the United States to the free navigation of the Mississippi, 692; on reference of resolution calling for papers relative to cession of Louisiana, 701; on going into Committee of the Whole on the state of the Union relative to the cession of Louisiana, 709, 720; on resolutions relative to navigation of Mississippi, 710, 711; on refusing prayer of late United States Judges, 731; on receding to the respective States jurisdiction over the District of Columbia, 741; on bill relative to importation of emancipated slaves, 742.

ZANE, ISAAC, petition of, 545.

END OF VOL. II.

FOOTNOTES:

A graceful compliment from Mr. Jefferson to Mr. Adams whose competitor he had been in the election, for the President and Vice President were not then voted for separately but the person having the highest number of votes became President, and the next highest the Vice President; and in this election there was only a difference of three votes between the two highest on the list.

The sensibility which was manifested when General Washington entered, did not surpass the cheerfulness which overspread his own countenance, nor the heartfelt pleasure with which he saw another invested with the power and authorities that had so long been exercised by himself.--Marshall.

In this early day, the parliamentary rule was enforced against any reference in one House to what was done in the other.

Valued by a speaker in this debate at £5000 sterling, and afterwards given to the Washington College, Lexington, Va.

Afterwards General and President. This was his first appearance in the national councils--and characteristically--defending with his voice those Western settlers whose defence, with the sword, was afterwards the foundation of his national fame and political elevation.

This is the true ground on which the United States becomes liable to a State for its expenses in suppressing or repulsing Indian hostilities. It turns upon the idea of an actual invasion, or such imminent danger of it as not to admit of delay: then the contingency happens in which the State may engage in war, and all the acts of Congress, and the Government orders give way before a constitutional right. Tennessee, like other new countries in the United States, was settled without law, and against law. Its early settlers not only had no protection from the Federal Government, but were under legal disabilities to pursue the enemy. This arose from the policy of the Government to preserve peace on the frontiers by restraining the advance of settlements, and curbing the disposition of the people to war. The history of all the new settlements, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, is the same: people go without law, and against law; and when they can neither be stopped by the Government, nor driven back by the Indians, then the Government gives them protection.

The committee reported in favor of paying the brigade of General Sevier, (300 infantry and two troops of horse,) amounting to the sum of $22,816 and 25 cents--a very small sum for a remote expedition into the country of a formidable Indian tribe, and so efficiently conducted as to secure tranquillity to the frontier. It deserves to be remembered for its promptitude, efficiency and cheapness.

The solution of the enigma was, that those who voted against taxing slaves were opposed to any direct tax whatever, and the members from the slave States who supported the tax, did so because the taxation of lands and slaves went together in the slave States--the people were used to the association--and to omit slaves in the direct tax would be unjust and unpopular, as sparing the rich and making the tax fall heavier upon persons of less property.

Yeas and nays not taken.

The great naval powers of Europe show themselves sensible of this, by proposing to the United States to abolish privateering.

The whole expense of procuring peace from Algiers, and forbearance to prey upon our citizens and commerce, and to redeem the captives, was then about one million of dollars; and the alternative was between paying that amount and carrying on war against her. War preparations had begun, and six frigates had been authorized to be built. A war with Algiers, then a formidable power, (and of course with the rest of the Barbary States,) was a very serious undertaking to the United States at that time--the cost great and certain--the issue uncertain. The greatest powers of Europe paid tribute to these barbaric pirates: it was no disgrace to the infant United States to do the same: and the redemption of the captives was a further inducement, founded in humanity: so that the price of peace became a question of economy.

She was compensated accordingly.

The resolution offered by Mr. Harper contemplated an official interposition in behalf of Lafayette--a grave proceeding, which President Washington had well considered beforehand, and maturely decided against. But unofficially he had been exerting himself to procure the release, or to mitigate the fate of the illustrious captive. A confidential person had been sent to Berlin to solicit his discharge, his first captivity being in Prussia; but before the arrival of the messenger the well-guarded prisoner had been turned over to the Emperor of Germany. Mr. Thomas Pinckney, the American Minister in London, had been instructed to make known the wishes of the President to the Austrian Minister at that place, and the British Ministry had been solicited to take an interest in the application: but all in vain. As a last attempt, and at the moment of ceasing to be President, he addressed a private letter to the Emperor of Austria, couched in noble and feeling terms, in which he solicited that Lafayette might be allowed to come to the United States. The letter said: "I forbear to enlarge upon this delicate subject. Permit me only to submit to your majesty's consideration, whether his long imprisonment, and the confiscation of his estate, and the indigence and dispersion of his family, and the painful anxieties incident to all these circumstances, do not form an assemblage of sufferings which recommend him to the mediation of humanity? Allow me, sir, on this occasion to be its organ; and to entreat that he may be permitted to come to this country on such conditions, and under such restrictions as your majesty may deem it expedient to prescribe." This touching appeal remained without effect; and the romantic effort of Dr. Bollman having failed to save Lafayette, after snatching him from the dungeon of Olmutz, it remained for the glittering sword of the conqueror of Italy to command what the noble letter of Washington failed to obtain. After the Treaty of Campo Formio, an aid-de-camp of the then young General Buonaparte proceeded to Vienna--asked the release of Lafayette--and obtained it. The Emperor, Francis the Second, might have appeared more gracefully in the transaction, if he had yielded the release to the letter of Washington.

The close of the Fourth Congress terminates the presidency of General Washington, and presents, a proper point for a retrospective view of the working of the Government for the first eight years of its existence. Such a view is full of instruction, and deserves to be taken; and first of the finances. Moderate expenses, and moderate taxes were the characteristics of this branch of the service. The support of the Government, called the Civil List, and comprehending every object of civil expenditure, was, for the year 1796, (the last of Washington's administration,) $530,392, and the duties on imports about five millions of dollars--or nearly ten times as much as the support of the Government required--leaving nearly nine-tenths to go to the public debt, the preservation of peace with the Indian tribes, defence of the frontiers, protection of commerce in the Mediterranean; and other extraordinary objects. This amount was produced by moderate duties--the ad valorems, 10, 12-1/2, 15 and 20 per centum--and mainly produced by the two first rates, the two latter chiefly applying to objects of luxury not used by the general mass. Thus: The amount of imports subject to the 10 and the 12-1/2 rates was $28,267,000, while those subject to 15 were $7,850,000; and those subject to 20 per centum only the third of one million. The average of the whole was about 13 per centum. The specific duties were on the same moderate scale; and the cost of collecting the whole was 3.73 per cent. The interest on the public debt was three millions and a quarter; the Military Department, $1,300,000; Naval Department, $440,000; tribute to the Barbary powers, veiled under the name of foreign intercourse expense, was $300,000; while the regular diplomatic intercourse was only about $40,000. The whole expenditure of the Government was about 5-1/2 millions: its whole revenue something more--the excise on distilled spirits producing some $400,000. Thus, order and economy were established in the finances. Abroad peace had been maintained. The proclamation of neutrality, unanimously agreed upon in the Cabinet, saved the United States from the calamity of being involved in the wars of the French Revolution. The commercial treaty with Great Britain stopped the depredations which the British had commenced upon American vessels carrying provisions to France, and obtained indemnity for depredations already committed. With Spain the serious question of the free navigation of the Mississippi was settled; and, in addition to the right of navigation, a place of deposit for American produce and merchandise was obtained at New Orleans--the right to be absolute for three years, and afterwards until an equivalent place should be provided. (It was the subsequent violation of this right of deposit which led to the acquisition of all Louisiana.) Safety to the persons and property of American citizens in the Mediterranean Sea had been obtained, according to the means usual at that time, and upon terms to be endured until strong enough to do better. The formidable Indian war in the North-west, and the troublesome hostilities in the South-west, had been terminated, and peace given to the young communities on the Kentucky and Cumberland Rivers which, commencing without authority, were laying the foundations of future great States. A domestic insurrection (that of Western Pennsylvania) had been quelled, and happily without bloodshed--the exhibition of a large force, with Washington at its head, being sufficient to forbid resistance, and a wise humanity sparing all punishment. The new Government was solidly established, and amidst difficulties which might have been insuperable under any other President. Public credit, which had sunk so low under the Confederation, had risen to a high standard under the new Government; and a general commercial and agricultural prosperity pervaded the land.

This was an extra session, called in the early months of Mr. Adams' administration, for the causes stated in his Message to the two Houses.

The following is the speech referred to, Barras being the President of the Directory who addressed it to Mr. Monroe:

"Mr. Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America: By presenting to-day your letters of recall to the Executive Directory, you give to Europe a very strange spectacle.

"France, rich in her liberty, surrounded by a train of victories, strong in the esteem of her allies, will not abase herself by calculating the consequences of the condescension of the American Government to the suggestions of her former tyrants; moreover, the French Republic hopes that the successors of Columbus, Ramhiph, and Penn, always proud of their liberty, will never forget that they owe it to France. They will weigh, in their wisdom, the magnanimous benevolence of the French people with the crafty caresses of certain perfidious persons who meditate bringing them back to their former slavery. Assure the good American people, sir, that, like them, we adore liberty; that they will always have our esteem; and that they will find in the French people republican generosity, which knows how to grant peace, as it does to cause its sovereignty to be respected. As to you, Mr. Minister Plenipotentiary, you have combated for principles; you have known the true interests of your country: depart with our regret. In you we give up the representative to America, and retain the remembrance of the citizen whose personal qualities did honor to that title."

This is a view of those depredations which has been lost sight of. Their injuries are now considered as falling exclusively upon the merchants: it was then agreed that they fell upon the community, the merchant indemnifying himself by insurances and increased profits.

And is still so carried on.

Taxed in Great Britain, with the privilege of commutation for a gross sum.

This sum which amounted to one third of the amount of the notes and disposits, was a general rule for regulating the quantity of cash kept to answer their current demands.

This taxation of bank notes presents the ready mode of regulating the paper currency of the States, and suppressing the mischief of small notes which are a constant source of depredation upon the laboring part of the community, a constant source of crime in the making and passing counterfeit paper, and the constant expeller of the constitutional currency. These small notes were hardly known at the time of this tax, which was so readily imposed, and therefore were taxed lightest: now they are a general circulation, and the most profitable part of a bank's issues; and, therefore, should be taxed highest, both on the principle of being most profitable to the banks and most injurious to the community.

This equilibrium was soon destroyed. The merchants soon got rid of the stamp tax; but the farmers still bear a salt tax.

This extra session having been called on account of expected hostilities with the French Republic, the labors of Congress were consequently limited to the two objects of defence and revenue--preparation for defence, and providing the additional revenue which the defence required. Both objects were accomplished. The three frigates--Constitution, Constellation and United States, which afterwards earned themselves a place in history--were finished and manned. A detachment of 80,000 militia was authorized. A stamp duty was imposed--a loan authorized--and the salt tax increased: the latter as a temporary measure, and with an express clause against continuance, without which it could not have passed, and in contravention of which it was continued. Defence was the great object of the session: invasion the danger: and its repulse by sea and land the remedy. Preparation against invasion was, at that time, a proper policy: the progress of science, and of the arts of peace, has superseded such policy in our day. The electric telegraph, and the steam car, have opened a new era in defensive war. Accumulated masses of volunteers, summoned by electricity and transported by steam, rushed upon the invaded point and giving incessant attacks with fresh arrivals, would exterminate any invading force; and give the cheap, effective and extemporaneous defence which the exigency required.

An illustrious mission, nationally composed of the most eminent citizens, three in number, and taken from different parts of the Union, and from both political parties: Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, from South Carolina; John Marshall, from Virginia; Elbridge Gerry, from Massachusetts--the two first federal; Mr. Gerry, republican.

Mr. Gallatin is not accurately reported. The exception extended to all the officers of the Federal Government, and for as long a time as their duties required them to remain in the States, and to all others for the period of six months.

In a subsequent part of this same debate, Mr. Macon retracted this censure upon the Quakers, as being too general.

Acts of limitation have been found necessary in all countries, and in all sorts of claims, to quiet demands, bring things to settlement, and to protect the fair dealer from stale demands, after time and accidents have deprived him of the means of invalidating them. Necessary in the transactions of individuals, they become still more so in the transactions of the Government. Its officers are constantly changing, and the knowledge of transactions continually being lost, and the representatives of the Government without the personal interest which stimulates inquiry and invigorates defence. The Government becomes helpless against claims, even the most unjustifiable, after the lapse of some years; and, without the protection of a statute of limitations, is subject to continual impositions. This was well known to the conductors of our Revolution, and the founders of our Federal Government; and they took care, as they believed, to provide against a danger which they knew to be imminent. Equally solicitous to pay every valid claim, and to avoid the payment of unjust ones, they began even during the war to call upon all claimants to present their demands--to furnish abstracts when the case was not ready to be proved up. These calls were redoubled at the conclusion of peace, were repeated during the existence of the confederation, and reiterated at the formation of the new Government under the constitution. They took the form of law, and barred the claims which were not presented within limited times. The final bar was seven years after the new Government went into operation. The committee, of which Mr. Gallatin was chairman, made an enumeration of these different statutes, and reported in favor of their observance--a report in which the House concurred, and to which Congress then conformed its action. These statutes, and the reasons in which they were founded, seem to have been since forgotten; and stale claims let in upon the Treasury without restraint, and proved without difficulty, which no call could bring forth at the time they were supposed to have originated. It is instructive to look over the list of these statutes, and see the reasons in which they were founded, and the efforts made to call in all valid claims, and the attention paid to them fifty years ago, and the disregard since.

Upon the request of General Washington the Count de Grasse remained in the Chesapeake beyond the time which his instructions allowed, risking all the penalties of insubordination, and by so doing did what was indispensable to the capture of Lord Cornwallis.

This was the first debate on the prohibition of Slavery in a Territory which took place under the Federal Constitution, and it is to be observed that the constitutional power of Congress to make the prohibition, was not questioned by any speaker. Expedient objections only were urged.

The speaker here alludes to the paper called "the second treaty of Pilnitz," which he declares to be a forgery. The first treaty of Pilnitz was a mere conditional agreement between the Emperor and the King of Prussia, that if either of them should be attacked by France, they would unite to repel the attack. This treaty they avowed; and when, on the acceptance of the new Constitution by the King of France, better prospects of a peaceable conduct on the part of that nation were entertained, they suspended this treaty by a formal declaration.

Thus, by a close vote, the Naval Department was created; and, as the proceedings show, by a party vote--the Republicans of that day being against a Navy.

The allusion was to Mr. Liston, the British Minister, accused of complicity with Senator Blount, of Tennessee, in a scheme to send an expedition against the Spanish province of West Florida, in breach of our neutrality, Great Britain and Spain being then at war, and the United States at peace with both. Mr. Blount was expelled the Senate for his part in that affair, but it was only the beginning of the enterprises which ended twenty years afterwards in adding both East and West Florida to the United States. These provinces were geographically appurtenant to the American Union, and their possession essential to its political system. The desire for their acquisition was natural, and efforts to obtain them incessant, until the acquisition was made.

The call was made with a view to the final vote on the Provisional Army Bill, and the way in which the absentees were accounted for--one sick and the rest on leave--was highly creditable to the members.

Whereas, armed vessels sailing under authority, or pretence of authority, from the Republic of France, have committed depredations on the commerce of the United States, and have recently captured the vessels and property of citizens thereof, on and near the coast, in violation of the law of nations, and treaties between the United States and the French nation: Therefore,

Be it enacted, &c., That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, and he is hereby authorized, to instruct and direct the commanders of the armed vessels belonging to the United States, to seize, take, and bring into any port of the United States, to be proceeded against according to the laws of nations, any such armed vessel which shall have committed, or which shall be found hovering on the coasts of the United States, for the purpose of committing depredations on the vessels belonging to citizens thereof; and, also, to retake any ship or vessel, of any citizen or citizens of the United States, which may have been captured by any such armed vessel.

At this period it was the custom of Congress to have the funerals of members in the morning or evening, before the meeting, or after the adjournment of the Houses.

I allude to my painful residence here, as a political cipher.

The general consent with which this answer was voted was honorable to the House, and advantageous to the character of the country. Besides depredations on our commerce, there was, at that time, a course of studied indignities to the United States from the French Government, then having the form of a Directory, of which Barras was President, and Talleyrand Foreign Secretary. These indignities were marked and systematic; of which the speech of Barras to Mr. Monroe when he had his take-leave audience--the refusal to receive his successor, General Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, and insolent threat to commit him to the police as a mere foreigner in Paris--the subsequent refusal to receive both himself and Judge Marshall, sending them out of the country, and endeavoring to divide the embassy--intriguing to extort a bribe, and to obtain a loan in violation of our neutrality--and not only proclaiming but acting on the assumption that we were a divided people, (French and British,) and that a devotion to one or the other of these powers, and not a sentiment of American nationality, was the sole rule of our policy. The unanimity of the answer to the President's Speech was a proper reply to all this outrage and insult. And the re-echoed declaration of protection "to the sacred rights of embassy," was not only just in itself, and called for by the occasion, but was due to the personal characters, the dignity and decorum of the two repulsed Ministers, (Messrs. Pinckney and Marshall,) as well as to their official station and the nation they represented.

Then in a state of successful revolt against France, but her independence not acknowledged.

A strong expression, but justified by what had been seen in St. Domingo.

This whole debate abounds with valuable information on the condition of the French West Indies--political, commercial and historical--during the period of the French Revolution. Toussaint, Santhonax, Polverel, Victor Hugues, Hedouville, Rigaud, Deforneaux, were household words fifty years ago; and words of portent in their day, and giving shape to events of present import--though hardly known now.

The House was in Committee of the Whole, but still the speakers were held to the point, and hence the force and brevity, and instructive character of these early debates.

It was not the custom then to adjourn the Houses to attend the funeral of a member. The burial took place before, or after, the day's session.

In our service the time has been stated at much less--at every eight or ten years.

The following extract from the celebrated report and resolutions of the General Assembly of Virginia, in the year 1799, speak the sentiments of the democratic party of that day on the subject of a Navy: "With respect to the Navy, it may be proper to remind you that whatever may be the proposed object, or whatever may be the prospect of temporary advantages resulting therefrom, it is demonstrated by the experience of all nations who have ventured far into naval policy, that such prospect is ultimately delusive; and that a navy has ever in practice been known more as an instrument of power, a source of expense, and an occasion of collisions and wars with other nations, than as an instrument of defence, of economy, or of protection to commerce." And among the resolutions then adopted, she instructs her Representatives and requests her Senators as follows: "To prevent any augmentation of the navy, and to promote any proposition for reducing it within the narrowest limits compatible with the protection of the sea-coasts, ports and harbors of the United States, and of consequence a proportionate reduction of the taxes."

These assurances were given by the same Directory, and through the same Minister of Foreign Affairs, (Talleyrand,) who had refused to receive Messrs. Pinckney and Marshall; and, on receiving these assurances, another extraordinary mission of three eminent citizens was appointed to proceed to Paris. They were: Oliver Ellsworth, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; William Richardson Davie, late Governor of the State of North Carolina; and William Vans Murray, U. S. Minister Resident at the Hague. Before they arrived at Paris, the Revolution of the 18th Brumaire had occurred--the Directorial Government overturned, the Consulate established, and Buonaparte at the head of affairs. He retained Talleyrand in the Foreign Ministry, and that astute and supple character conformed as readily to the policy of the First Consul, (peace with the United States,) as he had complied with the contrary policy of the Directory.

The allusions were to Mr. Jay and Mr. Ellsworth, appointed to foreign embassies while chief Justices--the former by President Washington, the latter by President John Adams.

This was the famous Judiciary act, passed in the last days of Mr. Adams' administration, and increasing the number of federal judges, which gave so much dissatisfaction at the time, and which was repealed in the beginning of Mr. Jefferson's administration.

The prints referred to by Mr. Trumbull, in his letter to the Speaker of the House of Representatives, are, first, a representation of the Battle of Quebec, and death of General Montgomery; second, the Battle of Bunker's Hill--both elegant engravings. They are placed on the right and left of the Speaker's chair, and are highly ornamental to the Representatives' Chamber.

This was a skilful movement, and a fair one. It shifted the onus from the friends to the opponents of the President; and besides giving them the advantage of the defensive, impeded the supporters of Mr. Livingston's motion with preliminary and extrinsic questions from the start. It was a great party question in its day, and before the people chiefly turned upon the point that Robbins was an American citizen, while in Congress that point was given up, and the debate turned upon the legal right of the President to advise the judge to give up the man, and especially to giving him up without trying his claim to American citizenship. Though made, in the main, a party question, it was not entirely so in the vote, many of the democracy voting with the federal members in justification of Mr. Adams. It was in this debate that the (afterwards) Chief Justice Marshall made the speech which gained him so much fame.

This speech is not reported.

This speech is not reported.

Not reported.

Not reported.

Son of Mr. James Jarvis, of New York, and midshipman on board the Constellation in the engagement of the 1st of February, who was killed by the falling of the mast.

The First Meeting of Congress at Washington City.

Citizen Talleyrand, retained under the Consulate as Minister of Exterior Relations, was the organ of our Ministers' communications with the First Consul, and his language and deportment on their arrival present a fine contrast to what they were in the time of the Directory, and of the X., Y., Z. subaltern intriguers. Thus, arriving in Paris on the 2d of March, they notify the Citizen Minister of that fact on the 3d, and the same day receive this answer: "The information which you have just communicated of your arrival at Paris, has given me real satisfaction. If you will take the trouble to call upon me at half-past twelve to-morrow, I will be exceedingly glad to have the honor of receiving you." They called as requested, and were treated with all courtesy; and, having expressed a desire to be presented to the First Consul, they received the next day the evidence that he had attended to their request and accomplished it, and giving the hour they were to be "so obliging" as to attend in the Hall of the Ambassadors, in the Palace of the Tuileries. And in notifying them that a commission was appointed to treat with them, he expressed himself with amiable politeness, "to remove a misunderstanding which comports as little with the interests as with the sentiments of the two Governments."

Subject to the disapproval of Congress, and to remain in force until disapproved--this Territory being a copy in its Government of that of the North-west under the Ordinance of the 13th July, 1787, except in the anti-slavery clause.

Nominated Secretary at War, May 7th, 1800. Nomination postponed on the 9th of May. Appointed May 13th Secretary of State, appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Jan. 27th, 1801. Died 1835.

Twenty-two years afterwards this opinion was verified, and the system abolished, after thirty years of injurious existence--so hard is it to get rid of an evil establishment when it has once got foothold.

This result was due, more than to any other, to General Hamilton, as the majority of the federal party were strongly disposed to support Colonel Burr--from doing which, they were impressively and successfully counselled by him. He was personally well with Burr, and ill with Jefferson, but took the public good, and not his own feelings, for his guide. He said of them, and of his own duty between them: "If there be a man in the world I ought to hate, it is Jefferson. With Burr I have always been personally well. But the public good must be paramount to every private consideration." The danger of Burr's election was imminent, as appears from a letter of Bayard's to General Hamilton, wherein he says: "I assure you, sir, there appears to be a strong inclination in the Federal party to support Mr. Burr. The current has already (January 7th) acquired considerable force, and is manifestly increasing. The vote which the representation of a State enables me to give would decide the question in favor of Mr. Jefferson. At present I am by no means decided as to the object of preference. If the Federal Party should take up Mr. Burr, I ought certainly to be impressed with the most undoubting conviction before I separate myself from them." This passage from a letter of Mr. Bayard, (who afterwards decided the election,) shows the imminence of the danger of Burr's election; and the answer to it, (with letters to other federal members,) shows that that danger was averted by General Hamilton. In these letters he depicted Burr as morally and politically a bad man, utterly unfit and unsafe to be trusted with the Presidency, and in circumstances to make crime his necessity as well as his inclination, and implored him to save the country from the "calamity" of his election. The sting of these letters, rankling in the bosom of Burr, produced the duel in which General Hamilton afterwards lost his life. A singularly hard fate! to die for serving his country, and that in the person of an enemy.

This election in the House of Representatives, protracted through four days and to the 36th ballot, produced the most intense excitement throughout the United States, and filled the minds of all good men with alarm for the safety of the Union. The conclusion, however, showing ten States to have voted for Mr. Jefferson, and only four for Mr. Burr, shows that there were many members duly impressed with the solemnity of the crisis, and patriotically coming forward to sacrifice private and political feeling on the altar of public safety. The following detail of the 36 ballotings, all alike but the last, appeared in the National Intelligencer at the time, and shows the name and the vote of the different members in this most arduous and eventful struggle.

That the people may know how the votes of their Representatives have been given, we present a statement:

New Hampshire.--4 for Burr, viz: Mr. Foster, Mr. Sheafe, Mr. Tenney, and Mr. Freeman.

Massachusetts.--11 for Burr, viz: Mr. S. Lee, Mr. Otis, Mr. N. Read, Mr. Shepard, Mr. Thatcher, Mr. Wadsworth, Mr. L. Williams, Mr. Bartlett, Mr. Mattoon, Mr. J. Read, Mr. Sedgwick.

Three for Jefferson, viz: Mr. Bishop, Mr. Varnum, Mr. Lincoln.

Rhode Island.--2 for Burr, viz: Mr. Champlin, and Mr. J. Brown.

Connecticut.--7 for Burr, viz: Mr. C. Goodrich, Mr. E. Goodrich, Griswold, Mr. Dana, Mr. J. Davenport, Mr. Edmond, Mr. J. C. Smith.

Vermont.--1 for Jefferson, viz: Mr. Lyon.

One for Burr, viz: Mr. Morris.

New York.--6 for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Bailey, Mr. Thompson, Mr. Livingston, Mr. Elmendorph, Mr. Van Cortlandt, Mr. J. Smith.

Four for Mr. Burr, viz: Mr. Bird, Mr. Glenn, Mr. Cooper, Mr. Platt.

New Jersey.--3 for Jefferson, viz: Mr. Kitchell, Mr. Condit, Mr. Linn.

Two for Burr, viz: Mr. F. Davenport, Mr. Imlay.

Pennsylvania.--9 for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Gallatin, Mr. Gregg, Mr. Hanna, Mr. Leib, Mr. Smilie, Mr. Muhlenberg, Mr. Heister, Mr. Stewart, Mr. R. Brown.

Four for Burr, viz: Mr. Waln, Mr. Kittera, Mr. Thomas, Mr. Woods.

Delaware.--1 for Mr. Burr, viz: Mr. Bayard.

Maryland.--4 for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. S. Smith, Mr. Dent, Mr. Nicholson, Mr. Christie.

Four for Mr. Burr, viz: Mr. J. C. Thomas, Mr. Craik, Mr. Dennis, and Mr. Baer.

Virginia.--14 invariably for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Nicholas, Mr. Clay, Mr. Cabell, Mr. Dawson, Mr. Eggleston, Mr. Goode, Mr. Gray, Mr. Holmes, Mr. Jackson, Mr. New, Mr. Randolph, Mr. A. Trigg, Mr. J. Trigg, Mr. Tazewell.

Five for Mr. Burr on the same ballots, (two of whom on the first ballot voted for Mr. Jefferson,) viz: Mr. Evans, Mr. H. Lee, Mr. Page, Mr. Parker, Mr. Powell.

North Carolina.--6 invariably for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Alston, Mr. Macon, Mr. Stanford, Mr. Stone, Mr. R. Williams, Mr. Spaight.

Four for Burr on some ballots, (3 of whom on the first ballot voted for Mr. Jefferson,) viz: Mr. Henderson, Mr. Hill, Mr. Dickson, Mr. Grove.

South Carolina.--Mr. Sumter being sick has not attended, but will attend, at every hazard, the moment his vote can be of any avail. The individual votes of the Representatives of this State are not accurately known, but it is generally believed that Mr. Huger votes for Mr. Jefferson; and Mr. Rutledge, Mr. Pinckney, and Mr. Harper, vote for Mr. Burr. Mr. Nott's vote is doubtful. He has gone home.

Georgia.--1 for Jefferson, viz: Mr. Taliaferro--Mr. Jones, who is dead, would have voted the same way.

Kentucky.--2 for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Davis and Mr. Fowler.

Tennessee.--1 for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Mr. Claiborne.

On Saturday last a memorial was presented to John Chew Thomas, representative in Congress for this District, from a respectable number of his constituents, recommending him to vote for Thomas Jefferson, and declaring that at least two-thirds of his constituents were in favor of the election of Mr. Jefferson.

The memorial was signed by the most respectable Federal gentlemen of the City of Washington.

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On Tuesday at 12 o'clock the 35th ballot was taken; the result the same with that of the preceding ballots.

At one o'clock the 36th ballot was taken which issued in the election of Thomas Jefferson.

On this ballot there were,

Ten States for Mr. Jefferson, viz: Vermont, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

Four States for Mr. Burr, viz: Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Massachusetts.

Two States voted by blank ballots, viz: Delaware and South Carolina.

In the instance of Vermont, Mr. Morris withdrew.

In that of South Carolina, Mr. Huger, who is understood previously uniformly to have voted for Mr. Jefferson, also withdrew, from a spirit of accommodation, which enabled South Carolina to give a blank vote.

And in the instance of Maryland, four votes were for Jefferson and four blank.

The administration of Mr. Adams fell upon difficult times, and involved the necessity of measures always unpopular in themselves, and never more so than at that time. The actual aggressions of France upon our commerce, her threats of war, and insults to our ministers, required preparations to be made for war; and these could not be made without money, nor money be had without loans and taxes. Fifteen millions was the required expenditure of the last year of his administration; a large sum in that time, but almost the whole of which went to three objects; the army, the navy, and the public debt. The support of the Government remained at the moderate sum which it had previously presented; to wit, $560,000. The duties still remained moderate--the ad valorems, 10, 12-1/2, 15 and 20 per centum; and the latter more nominal than real, as it only fell upon a few articles of luxury, of which the importation was only to the value of $430,000. The main levy fell upon the 10 and 12-1/2 per centum classes, of which to the value of 26-1/2 millions were imported; of the 15 per centum class only 7-1/2 millions were imported; and the average of the whole was 13 per centum and a fraction. The specifics were increased, but not considerably; and the cost of collecting the whole was 4-1/2 per centum. Direct taxes and loans made up the remainder. The whole amount collected from duties was about 10 millions: to be precise, $10,126,213; that is to say, nearly twenty times as much as the support of the Government (comprehending every civil object) required. The administration of Mr. Adams, though condemned for extravagance, was strictly economical in the support of the Government, and in the collection of the revenue: the army and the navy, those cormorant objects of expenditure, brought the demands for money which injured the administration.

This is the first instance of a Message being sent to the two Houses at the commencement of a session. Though veiled and commended by temporary reasons, founded in the convenience of the members and placed in the fore part of the letter, yet the concluding reasons (which are of a general and permanent nature) disclose the true reasons for the change--which was, to make it permanent: and permanent it has been. It was one of Mr. Jefferson's reforms--the former way of assembling the two Houses to hear an address in person from the President, returning an answer to it, the two Houses going in form to present their answer, and the intervention of repeated committees to arrange the details of these ceremonious meetings, being considered too close an imitation of the royal mode of opening a British Parliament. Some of the democratic friends of Mr. Jefferson doubted whether this change was a reform, in that part of it which dispensed with the answers to the President. Their view of it was, that the answer to the Speech, or Message, afforded a regular occasion for speaking to the state of the Union, and to all the topics presented; which speaking, losing its regular vent, would afterwards break out irregularly on the discussion of particular measures, and to the interruption of the business on hand. Experience has developed that irregularity, and another--that of speaking to the Message on the motions to refer particular clauses of it to appropriate committees, thereby delaying the reference; and, in one instance during Mr. Fillmore's administration, preventing the reference during the entire session.

On Monday last the editor addressed a letter to the President of the Senate, requesting permission to occupy a position in the lower area of the Senate Chamber, for the purpose of taking with correctness the debates and proceedings of that body.

It may be necessary to remark that heretofore no stenographer has been admitted in this area; and the upper gallery, being open to the admission of every one, and very remote from the floor of the House, has prevented any attempt being made to take the debates, from the impossibility of hearing distinctly from it.

The contents of the letter were submitted by the President to the Senate; and a resolution agreed to, to the following effect: Resolved, That any stenographer, desirous to take the debates of the Senate on Legislative business, may be admitted for that purpose, at such place, within the area of the Senate Chamber, as the President shall allot.

On Wednesday the editor had, accordingly, assigned to him a convenient place in the lower area, from which he took notes of the proceedings of the Senate On the adoption of the above resolution, which opens a new door to public information, and which may be considered as the prelude to a more genuine sympathy between the Senate and the people of the United States, than may have heretofore subsisted, by rendering each better acquainted with the other, we congratulate, without qualification, every friend to the true principles of our republican institutions.

This motion gave rise to one of the most extended and earnest debates which had occurred in Congress, involving the interests and passions of party, as well as questions of high constitutional law and of great public expediency; and was brought on in the approved parliamentary form of a resolution to try the principle, unembarrassed with the details of a new bill. The law proposed to be repealed, besides adding sixteen new circuit judges at once to the federal bench, (making 38 in all,) was passed in the last days of an expiring administration, and the appointments made in these last moments, and well confined to one political party: so that many reasons conspired to make it objectionable on one hand and desirable on the other, and to call forth the strongest exertions both for, and against, the repeal.

It was a party vote, and a close one, some changes of members having changed the majority since the last session--then a bare majority on the Federal side.

A debate of great length and earnestness now took place in the House on this repealing bill sent down from the Senate, and passed there by a majority of only one. The two parties seemed to have staked themselves upon it, not before the House, (where the issue was certain,) but before the country, to the arbitrament of which the great appeal was made. Above thirty members delivered elaborate speeches, of which but small parts can be given in an abridgment--the less to be regretted, as the staple of each was, of necessity, much the same--but varied, enlivened and enforced by the peculiar talent, learning and ability of different speakers. Their names were--for the repeal: John Bacon, of Massachusetts; John Clopton, of Virginia; Thomas T. Davis, of Kentucky; John Dawson, of Virginia; William B. Giles, of Virginia; Andrew Gregg, of Pennsylvania; Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina; John Milledge, of Georgia; Thomas Morris, of New York; Joseph H. Nicholson, of Maryland; John Randolph, of Virginia; General Samuel Smith, of Maryland; Philip R. Thompson, of Virginia; James Holland and Robert Williams, of North Carolina.--Against the repeal: James A. Bayard, of Delaware; Manasseh Cutter, of Massachusetts; Samuel W. Dana, of Connecticut; John Dennis, of Maryland; Thomas Plater, of Maryland; William Eustis, of Massachusetts; Calvin Goddard, of Connecticut; Roger Griswold, of Connecticut; Seth Hastings, of Massachusetts; Joseph Hemphill, of Pennsylvania; Archibald Henderson, of North Carolina; William H. Hill, of North Carolina; Benjamin Huger, of South Carolina; Thomas Lowndes, of South Carolina; John Rutledge, of South Carolina; John Stanley, of North Carolina; Benjamin Tallmadge, of New York.

The detail of the vote on the balloting shows this fact, so creditable to South Carolina.

This is the first authentic declaration that Mr. Jefferson's opinion on slavery was an obstacle to his receiving the South Carolina vote.

A double movement was going on at the same time in relation to the violation of the right of deposit at New Orleans: one by the Administration, commencing with an embassy both to France and Spain to negotiate for the desired places; the other by the opposition, who held negotiation to be unworthy of the country in circumstances of such wrong and insult, and preferred the immediate seizure of New Orleans. Mr. Ross, a Pennsylvania Senator, from the west of the State, whose trade went to New Orleans, was the leader of this forcible movement--in which he was well sustained by the feeling of the whole West. It was on Mr. Ross's resolutions that this violation of the right of deposit at New Orleans was publicly debated; and as it concerned the free navigation of the Mississippi, it was called the "Mississippi question."

This is the act which began the movement, which ended in the purchase of Louisiana. At the time it was passed the views of no one extended to the acquisition of that great province. The island on which New Orleans stands, and the two Floridas, were the object. Even this object was veiled by general expressions in relation to foreign intercourse, but its true purpose was made known in a confidential communication from the President to the House of Representatives, and by it communicated to the Senate, when the bill was up for its concurrence. Mr. Bayard and Mr. Nicholson were the committee that carried up the bill, and delivered this message:

"Gentlemen of the Senate:

"We transmit you a bill, which has passed this House, entitled "An act making further provision for the expenses attending the intercourse between the United States and foreign nations," and in which we request your concurrence. This bill has been passed by us in order to enable the President of the United States to commence, with more effect, a negotiation with the French and Spanish Governments, relative to the purchase of the island of New Orleans, and the provinces of East and West Florida. The nature and importance of the measures contemplated, have induced us to act upon the subject with closed doors. You will, of consequence, consider this communication as confidential."

This was spoken before the campaigns of Ulm, Austerlitz and Jena.

The true reason for the non-circulation of gold was the erroneous valuation of that coin, which was not corrected until thirty years afterwards.

This speech, delivered in the Virginia Convention which ratified the Federal constitution, is the only full and perfect account of the transaction to which it refers that has ever been published. It refers to the design in the Congress of the confederation to give up the navigation of the Mississippi for 25 or 30 years in return for some commercial privileges from Spain--a design which Mr. Monroe was mainly instrumental in defeating, and for which he deserved still higher rewards than honor and gratitude. His reluctance to give the history of this transaction arose from its secret nature, the Congress of the confederation sitting upon it with closed doors, and the members being under injunctions not to disclose what was done. Its essentiality to a knowledge of the political history of the times must be apparent to all who read it.

The famous orator.

See ante, under date of December 22.

All the steps and proceedings which led to the acquisition of Louisiana (and the same occurred in the acquisition of Florida) are given in full, that it may be seen that this important negotiation, which was to involve an appropriation of money, had its foundation laid in the authority of the proper appropriating power--the House of Representatives; to which the purse-strings of the Union were specially confided.

Above forty years afterwards, to wit, in 1846, the Virginia part of the District was retroceded to that State.