Part 138

Bill as long as the head; tail much rounded, of fourteen feathers. Male with the bill black; upper part of head and a space along the base of the bill dusky, a small transverse band of white on the chin; the rest of the head and the neck all round for more than half its length, rich brownish-red; a broad belt of brownish-black occupying the lower part of the neck and the fore part of the body; upper parts white, minutely undulated with dark grey or blackish; primary quills brownish-black, tinged with grey towards the base; secondaries ash-grey, toward the end whitish and undulated, five of them also having a narrow strip of black along their outer margin; rump and tail-coverts above and below brownish-black; tail brownish-grey; lower parts white, the sides and abdomen marked with five undulating grey lines. Female with the upper parts greyish-brown, the top of the head darker, the chin whitish, the neck greyish-brown, as are the sides and abdomen; breast white; wing-coverts brownish-grey; primary quills greyish-brown, dusky at the end, secondaries ash-grey, five of the inner with an external black margin; the innermost greyish-brown, like the back, and with some of the scapulars faintly undulated with darker; tail greyish-brown, paler at the end; axillars and smaller under wing-coverts white.

Male, 22, 33. Female, 20-1/4, 30-3/4.

Abundant during winter from the mouth of the Delaware to New Orleans, in all the estuaries. Columbia River. Breeds on the Rocky Mountains and northward.

Canvass-backed Duck, Anas valisneria, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 103.

Fuligula valisneria, Bonap. Syn. p. 392.

Fuligula valisneria, Canvass-back Duck, Swains. &. Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 450.

Canvass-backed Duck, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 430.

Canvass-back Duck, Fuligula valisneriana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 1.

397. 2. Fuligula Ferina, Linn. Red-headed Duck.--Dos-gris.

Plate CCCXXII. Male and Female.

Bill as long as the head, tail much rounded, of fourteen feathers. Male with the bill light greyish-blue, with a broad band of black at the end, and a dusky patch anterior to the nostrils; head and neck all round, for more than half its length, of a rich brownish-red, glossed with carmine above; a broad belt of brownish-black occupying the lower part of the neck and the fore part of the body; back and scapulars pale greyish-white, being minutely traversed by dark brownish-grey lines; sides and abdomen similar, the undulations gradually fading away into the greyish-white of the middle of the breast; upper wing-coverts brownish-grey, the feathers faintly undulated with whitish toward the end; primary quills brownish-grey, dusky along the outer web and at the end; secondaries ash-grey, narrowly tipped with white, four or five of the inner of a purer tint tinged with blue, and having a narrow brownish-black line along the margin; the innermost like the scapulars, but more dusky; tail brownish-grey; axillar feathers and lower wing-coverts white; rump above and below brownish-black. Female with the head and upper part of the neck dull reddish-brown, darker above; the rest of the neck all round, and the upper parts in general, dull greyish-brown, the feathers paler at their tips; flanks and fore part of the neck dull reddish-brown, the feathers broadly tipped with pale greyish-brown; wings as in the male, but of a darker tint, and without undulations; tail as in the male; lower wing-coverts light grey, those in the middle white; middle of breast greyish-white, hind part of abdomen light brownish-grey.

Male, 20, 33. Female, 21, 32-1/2.

Breeds throughout the Fur Countries, from which it migrates southward in early autumn. Abundant on the Chesapeake, New York Bay, Ohio, and Mississippi, with their tributaries. None seen westward of the Mississippi.

Red-headed Duck, Anas Ferina, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 110.

Fuligula Ferina, Bonap. Syn. p. 392.

Fuligula Ferina, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 452.

Red-headed Duck or Pochard, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 434.

Red-headed Duck, Fuligula Ferina, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 198.

398. 3. Fuligula Marila, Linn. Scaup Duck.--Flocking Fowl.

Plate CCXXIX. Male and Female.

Bill as long as the head, enlarged toward the end; tail much rounded, of fourteen feathers. Male with the bill light greyish-blue, the unguis blackish; head, neck, and fore part of the back and breast black, the head and neck glossed with purple and green, the rest tinged with brown; hind part of back, rump, abdomen, and upper and lower tail-coverts brownish-black; middle of back, scapulars, inner secondaries, anterior part of abdomen, and sides greyish-white, beautifully marked with undulating black lines; wings light brownish-grey; alula, primaries, at the base and end, brownish-black; speculum white, as are the middle of the breast, the axillars, and some of the lower wing-coverts. Female with the head, neck, and fore part of the back and breast, umber-brown; a broad patch of white along the fore part of the forehead; upper parts in general blackish-brown, the middle of the back and the scapulars faintly undulated with whitish dots and lines; primary quills greyish in the middle; speculum dull white; the greater part of the breast and abdomen white, the sides and parts under the tail umber-brown.

Male, 16-1/2, 29. Female, 16-1/2, 28.

Abundant during autumn on the Ohio and its tributaries, as well as those of the Missouri and the Mississippi. Rather common also along the Middle Atlantic Districts. Breeds far north.

Scaup Duck, Anas Marila, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. viii. p. 84.

Fuligula Marila, Scaup Duck, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 456.

Scaup Duck, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 437.

Scaup Duck, Fuligula Marila, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iii. p. 226; v. v. p. 614.

399. 4. Fuligula rufitorques, Bonap. Ring-necked Duck.