Part 8

102-5. Drawings by Theodor Schwann to illustrate cells 221

106. Organisms of Fermentation, from Pasteur 226

107. Pasteur’s experiment to prove that fermentation is the result of air-borne organisms 228

108. Bacilli of Anthrax 231

108a. Screw used in the eighteenth and the early nineteenth century to secure analgesia. Reproduced, by the kind permission of Mrs. George Martin, from The Asclepiad, VII 236

109. The ‘Donkey Engine’ designed by Lord Lister. Now in the Royal College of Surgeons of England 241

109a. Operating table used by Lord Lister in the Glasgow Royal Infirmary. Reproduced, by kind permission of Messrs. Jackson, Wylie & Co., from Lister and the Lister Ward in the Royal Infirmary of Glasgow 242

110. ‘Spencer Wells Forceps’ 244

111. Spencer Wells performing an abdominal operation 245

112. An operation in the sixteenth century 246

113. An abdominal operation under modern conditions. Reproduced, by kind permission of W. B. Saunders’ Company, Philadelphia, from The Operating Room, St. Mary’s Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota 247

114. Bacilli of Diphtheria 254

115. Bacilli of Plague 255

116. Diagram showing the Incidence of Malta fever 256

117. Bacilli of Tetanus 257

118. Bacilli of Typhoid Fever 258

119. Death-rate of cases of Laryngeal Diphtheria 263

120-1. A common Malaria-carrying mosquito and a Yellow Fever-carrying mosquito. Reproduced, by kind permission of the British Museum (Natural History), from Edwards, Mosquitoes and their Relation to Disease 272

122. Distribution of Malaria in England and Wales 281

123. The Life-History of the Parasite of Malaria. Reproduced, by kind permission of Messrs. Baillière, Tindall & Cox, from C. M. Wenyon’s Protozoology, vol. II 285

124-5. A Malaria-carrying mosquito and a common gnat. Reproduced, by kind permission of the British Museum (Natural History), from Edwards, Mosquitoes and their Relation to Disease 287

126. Chart of cases of Malaria reported in Italy in recent years 287

127. ‘The Retreat’ near York. Reproduced, by permission of Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., from Tuke, Chapters in the History of the Insane in the British Isles, 1882 289

128. Florence Nightingale at Scutari. Photograph, Rischgitz Collection 299

129-30. Cretinous infant before and after thyroid treatment. Reproduced by kind permission of the Royal College of Surgeons 305

131. Diagram to show the structure of the eye 314

132. Diagram to show the nature of accommodation of the eye 317

133. The Organisms of Syphilis in a smear from the Local Infection 331