Part 5

INDEX 364

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. Hippocrates. British Museum, second or third century B.C. Frontispiece

2. Ivory and gold Minoan statuette of a votaress in a state of ecstasy. By kind permission of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, U.S.A. 5

3. Surgical instruments recovered from Babylonian sites. Reproduced by kind permission of Professor Meyer-Steineg of Jena 5

4. Clay model of sheep’s liver used for instruction in divination in a Babylonian temple school. Drawn from the object in the British Museum 6

5. Imhotep. From a statuette in the British Museum 8

6. Aesculapius. Photograph Anderson 8

7. Scheme illustrating some of the sources of Hippocratic Medicine 9

8. A Greek clinic of about 400 B.C. From a vase painting 17

9. Instruments used by Greek surgeons 20

10. The Ladder of Nature according to Aristotle 28

11. The womb with the names of its parts as given by Aristotle 29

12. Embryo dogfish, Mustelus laevis, after Johannes Müller 29

13. The four Elements in association with the four Humours and the four Qualities 34

14. Inscribed tablet of about 100 B.C. from the wall of the temple of Kom-Ombos in Upper Egypt 40

15. Roman surgical instruments of the first century A.D. found at Pompeii 44

16. Aqueduct of Nero from an engraving by Piranesi 47

17. Roman advanced dressing-station. From Trajan’s column 48

18. Island of St. Bartholomew in the Tiber at Rome. From an engraving by Piranesi 51

19. Dissection of the hand of a man 57

20. Dissection of the hand of a Barbary ape 57

21. Galen’s Physiological System 59

22. The earliest known representation of St. Luke as a Physician 63

23. Picture of Trephining, from a thirteenth-century manuscript 63

24. Illustrating the mode of action of the trephining instrument used by the surgeon in Fig. 23 64

25. Scene at a siege of Salerno, from a manuscript prepared in South Italy early in the thirteenth century 65

26. A Jewish translator receiving an Arabic medical volume from an Eastern potentate (right) and handing it, translated into Latin, to a Western monarch (left) 69