Part 4

SQUARE MEASURE. 144 sq. in. = 1 sq. ft. 9 sq. feet = 1 sq. yd. 36¼ sq. yds. = 1 sq. rod. 40 sq. rods = 1 rood. 4 roods = 1 acre. 640 acres = 1 sq. mile.

NUMERICAL TABLE. 12 things = 1 dozen. 12 dozen = 1 gross. 12 gross = 1 great gross. 20 things = 1 score. 24 sheets = 1 quire. 20 quires, or 480 sheets = 1 ream.

SIMPLE FRACTIONS. ⁶/₁₀ of 15 = 6 × 15 ÷ 10 = 9 ³/₁₀ of 15 = 3 × 15 ÷ 10 = 4⁵/₁₀ ³/₁₀ of 60 = 3 × 60 ÷ 10 = 18 ⁶/₁₀ of 60 = 6 × 60 ÷ 10 = 36

METRIC SYSTEM. Meter = Unit of length. Gram = Unit of weight. Liter = Unit of capacity.

METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH DECREASING. Decimeter (dm.) = one-tenth, .1, or ¹/₁₀ of a meter. Centimeter (cm.) = one-hundredth, .01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a meter. Millimeter (mm.) = one-thousandth, .001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a meter.

METRIC MEASURES OF LENGTH INCREASING. Decameter (Dm.) = 10 meters. Hectometer (Hm.) = 100 meters. Kilometer (Km.) = 1000 meters.

APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND STANDARD MEASURES OF LENGTH. 1 meter = 39.37 inches. 1 centimeter = ⅖ inch. 5 centimeters = 2 inches. 30.5 centimeters = 12 “ 1 millimeter = ¹/₂₅ inch. 25 millimeters = 1 “

METRIC WEIGHTS. 1 gram (Gm.) = weight of 1 cubic centimeter of water. 1 decigram (dg.) = one-tenth, 0.1, or ¹/₁₀ of a gram. 1 centigram (cg.) = one-hundredth, 0.01, or ¹/₁₀₀ of a gram. 1 milligram (mg.) = one-thousandth, 0.001, or ¹/₁₀₀₀ of a gram. 1 Decagram (Dg.) = 10 grams. 1 Hectogram (Hg.) = 100 grams. 1 Kilogram (Kg.) = 1000 grams.

APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ WEIGHTS.

0.001 gram = ¹/₆₄ grain. 0.002 “ = ¹/₃₂ “ 0.008 “ = ¹/₈ “ 0.01 “ = ¹/₆ “ 0.065 “ = 1 “ 0.1 “ = 1.5 grains. 0.2 “ = 3 “ 0.5 “ = 7.7 “ 1.0 “ = 15.4 “ 10.0 grams = 154 “ 100.0 “ = 1543 “ ¹/₁₀₀ grain = 0.00065 gram. ¹/₅₀ “ = 0.0013 “ ¹/₃₀ “ = 0.002 “ ¹/₂₀ “ = 0.003 “ ¹/₁₀ “ = 0.0065 “ ¹/₈ “ = 0.008 “ ¹/₄ “ = 0.016 “ ¹/₂ “ = 0.03 “ 1 “ = 0.065 “ 10 “ = 0.65 “ 15 “ = 1.0 “

METRIC MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

1 liter (l.) = the measure of 1000 grams of water. 1 deciliter (dl.) = ¹/₁₀ or 0.1 of a liter, or 100 cubic centimeters. 1 centiliter (cl.) = ¹/₁₀₀ or 0.01 of a liter, or 10 cubic centimeters. 1 milliliter (ml.) = ¹/₁₀₀₀ or 0.001 of a liter, or 1 cubic centimeter (c.c.). 1 decaliter (Dl.) = 10 liters. 1 hectoliter (Hl.) = 100 liters.

APPROXIMATE EQUIVALENTS OF METRIC AND APOTHECARIES’ MEASURES OF CAPACITY.

1 liter = 2 pints. 1000 c.c. = 2 pints. 100 c.c. = 3.4 fluidounces. 30 c.c. = 1 fluidounce. 10 c.c. = 2.7 fluidrams. 1 c.c. = 16 minims. 1 minim = 0.06 c.c. 10 minims = 0.6 c.c. 20 minims = 1.25 c.c. 30 minims = 2.0 c.c. 1 fluidram = 3.75 c.c. 2 fluidrams = 7.5 c.c. 1 fluidounce = 30.0 c.c. 16 fluidounces = 474 c.c.

APOTHECARIES OR TROY WEIGHT.

20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple (℈). 3 scruples (℈) = 1 dram (ʒ). 8 drams (ʒ) = 1 ounce (℥). 12 ounces (℥) = 1 pound (lb.).

APOTHECARIES’ OR WINE MEASURE. 60 minims (m.) = 1 fluidram (fʒ). 8 fluidrams (fʒ) = 1 fluidounce (f℥). 16 fluidounces (f℥) = 1 pint (O). 8 pints (O). = 1 gallon (Cong.).

APPROXIMATE FLUID MEASURES. 1 teaspoonful = 1 fluidram, or fʒj. 1 dessertspoonful = 2 fluidrams, or fʒij. 1 tablespoonful = 4 fluidrams, or fʒiv. 1 wineglassful = 2 fluidounces, or f℥ij. 1 teacupful = 4 fluidounces, or fʒiv.

TABLES FOR PERCENTAGE OF SOLUTIONS.

The following tables are sufficiently correct for practical purposes:

APOTHECARIES’ MEASURE.

+-----------------------+-------------------+-------------------+ | | For 1 ounce. | For 1 pint. | +-----------------------+-------------------+-------------------+ | | | | | 1 per cent. (1 : 100) | 5 M. or 5 grains |75 M. or 75 grains | | 2 “ (1 : 50) | 10 “ 10 “ | 2½ drams | | 3 “ (1 : 33) | 15 “ 15 “ | 3¾ “ | | 4 “ (1 : 25) | 19 “ 19 “ | 5 “ | | 5 “ (1 : 20) | 24 “ 24 “ | 6½ “ | |10 “ (1 : 10) | 48 “ 48 “ | 13 “ | +-----------------------+-------------------+-------------------+ | | For 1 quart. | For 1 gallon. | +-----------------------+-------------------+-------------------+ | | | | | 1 per cent. (1 : 100) | 2½ drams |10 drams | | 2 “ (1 : 50) | 5 “ | 2½ ounces | | 3 “ (1 : 33) | 7½ “ | 3 oz. and 6 drams | | 4 “ (1 : 25) | 10 “ | 5 ounces | | 5 “ (1 : 20) | 13 “ | 6 oz. and 4 drams | |10 “ (1 : 10) | 26 “ |13 ounces | +-----------------------+-------------------+-------------------+

METRIC MEASURE. +-----------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 30 C.c. | 500 C.c. | +-----------------------+------------------+------------------+ | 1 per cent (1 : 100) | 0.30 gram | 5.00 grams | | 2 “ (1 : 50) | 0.60 “ | 10.00 “ | | 3 “ (1 : 33) | 0.90 “ | 15.00 “ | | 4 “ (1 : 25) | 1.20 grams | 20.00 “ | | 5 “ (1 : 20) | 1.50 “ | 25.00 “ | |10 “ (1 : 10) | 3.00 “ | 50.00 “ | +-----------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 1000 C.c. | 4 liters. | +-----------------------+------------------+------------------+ | 1 per cent (1 : 100) | 10.00 grams | 40.00 grams | | 2 “ (1 : 50) | 20.00 “ | 80.00 “ | | 3 “ (1 : 33) | 30.00 “ | 120.00 “ | | 4 “ (1 : 25) | 40.00 “ | 160.00 “ | | 5 “ (1 : 20) | 50.00 “ | 200.00 “ | |10 “ (1 : 10) | 100.00 “ | 400.00 “ | +-----------------------+------------------+------------------+

SOLUTIONS.

TO MAKE A 1: 500 SOLUTION.

Add 1 gr. or 1 m. to 1 ounce of water. Add 15 “ 15 “ 1 pint “ Add 30 “ 30 “ 1 quart “ Add 120 “ 120 “ 1 gallon “

To make 1 : 1000 sol. take 1 part of 1.500 sol. and 1 part water. To make 1 : 2000 “ 1 “ 1.500 “ 3 parts water. To make 1 : 4000 “ 1 “ 1.500 “ 7 “ To make 1 : 5000 “ 1 “ 1.500 “ 9 “

To make a 1: 500 solution of formaldehyd add 38 minims of formalin (a 40 per cent. solution of formaldehyd) to 1 pint of water.