Part 152

"Seven males from Mindanao average, 158 in length; wing, 78; tail, 34; culmen, 22; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 45. Seven females from same locality: Length, 157; wing, 78; tail, 33; culmen, 22; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 20. Iris brown; legs and feet red; nails black; skin around eye deep red." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

355. XANTHOLÆMA ROSEUM (Dumont).

ROSE-THROATED BARBET.

Bucco roseus Dumont, Dict. Sci. Nat. (1806), 4, 52. Xantholæma intermedia Shelley, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1891), 19, 97; Sharpe, Hand-List (1906), 2, 186. Xantholæma rosea Grant, Ibis (1896), 558. Xantholæma roseum McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 64.

Cebu (Everett, Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Guimaras (Steere Exp.); Masbate (McGregor); Negros (Layard, Everett, Steere Exp., Whitehead); Romblon (McGregor); Tablas (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino). Bali, Java, Sumatra.

Adult (sexes alike).--Superciliary stripe, subocular band, chin, and throat crimson; otherwise the plumage is like that of Xantholæma hæmacephalum. Bill and nails black; legs and bare skin about eye crimson. A male from Tablas measures: Length, 170; wing, 78; tail, 36; bill from nostril, 15; culmen from base, 21; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 20. A female from Romblon measures: Length, 170; wing, 81; tail, 33; bill from nostril, 16; culmen from base, 22; tarsus, 22; middle toe with claw, 22.

Young.--A young bird has the feathers of forehead and crown blackish slate, tipped with olive-green; below eye a pale yellow band; greater and median wing-coverts and inner secondaries tipped with pale yellow; no crimson feathers; legs flesh-color; otherwise like the adult.

"Five males from Tablas average, 160 in length; wing, 79; tail, 36; culmen, 22; tarsus, 19; middle toe with claw, 20. Four females from same place: Length, 160; wing, 78; tail, 33; culmen, 22; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 20. Iris dark brown; legs and feet red; nails black; bill black, except base of lower mandible, which is gray." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

Shelley gives the name Xantholæma intermedia to the Philippine bird distinguishing it from the Javan form as having upper parts uniform green with no pale edges to the feathers; cheek-band black in front, passing into olive-gray down the sides of the red throat; under parts more strongly marked with brighter green centers to the feathers. The validity of this species is somewhat doubtful.

Order PICIFORMES.

WOODPECKERS.

Bill strong and tapering, neither hooked nor cered; its outlines straight or nearly so, its tip compressed and chisel-shaped; legs rather short; feet and nails strong; two toes in front, two or rarely one behind, all free to their bases.

Suborder PICI.

Characters same as those given for the Order.

Family PICIDÆ.

Subfamily PICINÆ.

Tail-feathers twelve, more or less wedge-shaped at their tips, the shafts large and very stiff.

Genera.

a1. Three toes. ... Tiga (p. 398) a2. Four toes.

b1. Much smaller, length less than 180 mm. ... Yungipicus (p. 392) b2. Much larger, length more than 250 mm.

c1. Fore breast and throat marked with large, nearly round, whitish spots; each feather narrowly edged with blackish brown. ... Chrysocolaptes (p. 399) c2. Fore breast and throat without large round white spots.

d1. Abdomen, flanks, and thighs black or slate-gray, uniform in color with the chest.

e1. Smaller, wing less than 180 mm.; most of the plumage black. ... Lichtensteinipicus (p. 403) e2. Larger, wing more than 210 mm.; most of the plumage slate-gray. ... Mulleripicus (p. 404)

d2. Abdomen, flanks, and thighs white or whitish; chest black. ... Thriponax (p. 405)

Genus YUNGIPICUS Bonaparte, 1854.

Culmen nearly straight; nasal ridge weak; nostrils hidden; first primary short and slender; second primary nearly equal to third, fourth, and fifth which are subequal; upper parts black or brown, more or less barred with white or ocherous-white; below white or buff with blackish spots and stripes; wings and tail black or blackish brown, more or less barred with white; females with no red on the head. This genus includes the smallest Philippine woodpeckers; length, about 150 mm.

Species.

a1. A red spot or patch on each side of occiput, sometimes confluent (males).