Part 134

Caprimulgus manillensis Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, pt. 2, 159; Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 246 (eggs); Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 86; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 68, pl. 11, fig. 9; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 57. Caprimulgus manillensis Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 16, 544.

Tuc-ca-ró, Masbate and Ticao.

Bantayan (McGregor); Basilan (Everett); Bohol (McGregor); Cebu (McGregor); Luzon (Cuming, Steere Exp., Whitehead, McGregor); Masbate (McGregor); Mindanao (Everett, Goodfellow); Mindoro (McGregor, Porter); Negros (Keay); Palawan (Platen); Romblon (McGregor); Ticao (McGregor).

Male.--General coloration and pattern very much as in C. macrurus; post-auricular area and band on hind neck light buff; white area on throat divided, forming two patches; fore breast darker with no rufous; barring on abdomen and under tail-coverts broken, resulting from the larger light tips. The following characters are diagnostic; white spot on first primary washed with buff, small and reaching but half way to shaft; spot on second quill a little larger, not reaching shaft and a narrow line indicates spot on outer web; spots on third and fourth quills reaching shaft on both webs and on the fourth the included section of shaft nearly all white; outer pair of rectrices with white area about 32 mm. in length and on inner web only; second pair with white area across both webs. A male from Romblon measures: Length, 255; wing, 170; tail, 125; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 24.

Female.--Spots on first and second primaries dark fulvous; spot on third primary not reaching shaft; otherwise like the male. A female from Romblon measures: Length, 255; wing, 167; tail, 115; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 24.

Young.--Upper parts very much as in the adult, but the blackish brown spots on head and scapulars greatly reduced in size; as a whole the upper parts are dark silvery gray; white throat patches wanting, being indicated by two small buff areas; feathers of breast vermiculated with light brown and light buff with lighter buff tips; abdomen and flanks light fulvous, distinctly barred with brown; the partially developed wings and tail with markings as in the adult.

Eggs.--A set of two eggs collected May 22, 1895, by Whitehead near Cape Engaño, Cagayan Province, Luzon, are described as follows: "Shape elliptical oval; ground-color pale cream; under-markings pale lavender-gray; irregularly blotched over-markings pale brown, but darker than in C. griseatus. In one egg the over-markings are almost wanting, being reduced to one or two blotches. Measurements 29 mm. by 22." (Grant and Whitehead.)

The Manila nightjar is the most common species of its genus in the Islands and has a considerable vertical range, being found in the pine woods of Benguet Province as well as in the lowlands and near the sea. Its food consists largely of moths and beetles which it takes on the wing. During the day it rests in dark thickets and comes out to feed only after sunset. Its presence in a locality may be detected by hearing its peculiar note which has given it the Tagalog name "tucaroc."

309. CAPRIMULGUS MACRURUS Horsfield.

HORSFIELD'S NIGHTJAR.

Caprimulgus macrurus Horsfield, Trans. Linn. Soc. (1821), 13, pt. 1, 142; Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 16, 537; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 87; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 57; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 68, pl. 1, fig. 8.

Calamianes (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor); Palawan (Whitehead, Steere Exp., Bourns & Worcester, Celestino); Papuan Islands, northeastern Australia, Greater Sunda Islands, Java.

Male.--Forehead, crown, and nape grayish brown, finely vermiculated with buff and brown, producing a nearly silvery appearance; down the center of head to nape the feathers conspicuously marked with blackish brown; an indistinct fulvous band across hind-neck connecting with a bright fulvous patch on each side behind ear-coverts; back and rump mottled with dark brown and a little fulvous; a large white patch on throat, the longer feathers tipped with black, subterminally marked with fulvous; sides of face, ear-coverts, chin, and a small area posterior of white patch rich rufous with fine irregular black lines; lower throat rufous, mottled with black; breast finely marked with blackish brown and pale fulvous, a few feathers with large patches of fulvous; abdomen, flanks, and under tail-coverts barred with brown; wing-coverts blackish, each with a light fulvous terminal spot; scapulars with black terminal spots and narrow fulvous subterminal bars; white spot on first primary moderate and not reaching shaft; on second, third, and fourth the white crosses both webs; secondaries notched with dark rufous; tail-feathers blackish brown, outer webs notched with fulvous; two outer pairs each with a large white terminal area about 38 mm. long, involving both webs. A male from Puerto Princesa, Palawan, measures: Length, 265; wing, 180; tail, 140; tarsus, 16; middle toe with claw, 24.

"Female.--Differs from the adult male in having the outer web of first primary spotted with rufous, in having pale rufous marks on the primaries instead of white ones, in the white tips to the outer rectrices being less in extent and tinged with buff or rufous, speckled with brown on the tip of outer web.

"Young.--The markings are less developed in younger individuals; the young male has the white patches on the primaries and rectrices tinged with rufous and less in extent. The nestling is covered with buffy down." (Hartert.)

"Iris dark brown, bill nearly black; legs and feet brown; nails black. A male from Busuanga measures, 263 in length; wing, 184; tail, 135; culmen, 13; middle toe with claw, 22. A female from Palawan, length, 250; wing, 222; tail, 135; culmen, 13; tarsus, 14; middle toe with claw, 22." (Bourns and Worcester MS.)

310. CAPRIMULGUS JOTAKA Temminck and Schlegel.

JAPANESE NIGHTJAR.

Caprimulgus jotaka Temminck and Schlegel, Fauna Japonica, Aves (1847), 37, pl. 12; Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 16, 552; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 88; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 57; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 74, pl. 1, fig. 14.

Calayan (McGregor); Palawan (Bourns & Worcester, Celestino, White). Northeastern Siberia, China, Japan, Indo-Chinese provinces; in winter to New Guinea, Malay Peninsula, Greater Sunda Islands.

"Adult male.--Above gray, finely penciled with brown, with broad black stripes along the top of the head, back, and rump; scapulars with velvety black centers or spots and buff or rufous-buff spots or bar-like markings; wing-coverts with roundish buff spots speckled with brown; some longitudinal buff spots on the hind neck; a golden buff spot on each side of neck, just behind ear-coverts; primaries deep blackish brown, outer webs with some minute rufous spots, inner web of first primary with a round white spot, not reaching shaft, a white band across both webs of next three; central pair of rectrices deep blackish brown, with broad pale grayish brown, dark speckled bars, the others with narrower bands, becoming more rufous on the outer ones, and all, except central pair, with a broad subterminal white bar; a white band across throat, interrupted at center and variegated on lower edge with ferruginous buff and blackish spots; throat pale rufous-buff with brown cross-markings; chest and upper breast pale grayish brown, with dark markings and some more or less developed larger buff spots; abdomen buff, barred with dark brown, the bars becoming broader and less numerous on lower tail-coverts which are sometimes nearly uniform; rictal bristles dark toward the base. Length, 279; wing, 203 to 221; tail, 140 to 147; tarsus, 16; feathered in front.

"Adult female.--Similar to the male, but a little smaller on the average; spots on primaries buff and speckled, band on second primary always interrupted; spots on throat buff; tail-feathers without a distinct white band.

"Young.--Young individuals are paler above and below, the dark markings less developed, and pervaded with a sandy rufous tinge; the young male shows already the white spots of the adult male, but they are shaded with buff and that on the second quill is a little interrupted." (Hartert.)

Worcester and Bourns took a male of this species in Palawan in December, 1891. It was 260 in length; wing, 212; tail, 128; culmen, 12; tarsus, 14; middle toe with claw, 22. The second Philippine specimen was shot by my assistant in Calayan Island, the last day of 1903. This specimen measures: Length, 260; wing, 210; tail, 127; tarsus, 15; middle toe with claw, 21. Bill and legs brown; nails black; the stomach contained several beetles and a large mantis.

The species appears to be a migrant from Asia and although not uncommon in Calayan we secured but one specimen. The male is distinguished from the other Philippine species by having a subterminal white tail-band; the female is distinguished from the females of C. manillensis and C. macrurus by the lack of a large white tail-spot and from C. griseatus by the much darker plumage and larger size.

Suborder MICROPODII.

Bill small and weak, the gape deeply cleft; rictal bristles not obvious; legs and toes small and weak; middle toe-nail not pectinate; tarsus very short; tail short to moderately long, either square or forked, and not reaching the tips of the folded wings. Diurnal in habits; eggs pure white, two in number; nest composed of sticks and moss, or else wholly or in part of a salivary secretion.

Families.