Part 133

a1. White spot on first primary smaller and not reaching the shaft.

b1. White spot on outer rectrix subterminal. ... jotaka (p. 349) b2. White spot on outer rectrix terminal.

c1. Spot on outer rectrix on inner web only; spot on second primary not reaching the shaft. ... manillensis (p. 346) c2. Spot on outer rectrix involving both webs; spot on second primary reaching shaft on both webs. ... macrurus (p. 348)

a2. White spot on first primary larger and reaching the shaft. ... griseatus (p. 344); mindanensis (p. 346)

FEMALES.

a1. A large terminal white spot on tail.

b1. Larger, length about 290 mm.; a larger terminal white spot across both webs of outer rectrix; spot on first primary white and larger, on second primary extending to the shaft. ... macrurus (p. 348) b2. Smaller, length about 250 mm.; a smaller terminal white spot across inner web of outer rectrix; spot on first primary buff and smaller; on second primary not extending to the shaft. ... manillensis (p. 346)

a2. No terminal white spot on tail which is barred and mottled.

b1. Smaller; wing less than 180 mm.; spots on primaries much larger, whitish and unspeckled. ... griseatus (p. 344); mindanensis (p. 346) b2. Larger; wing more than 190 mm.; spots on primaries much smaller, buffy and speckled with brown. ... jotaka (p. 349)

306. CAPRIMULGUS GRISEATUS Walden.

PHILIPPINE NIGHTJAR.

Caprimulgus griseatus Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. (1875), 9, pt. 2, 160; Tweeddale, Proc. Zool. Soc. (1877), 691; Hartert, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus. (1892), 16, 550; pl. 11; Grant and Whitehead, Ibis (1898), 245, pl. 6, fig. 7 (egg); Clarke, Ibis (1900), 353; Sharpe, Hand-List (1900), 2, 86; Oates and Reid, Cat. Birds' Eggs (1903), 3, 67; McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 57; Worcester, Phil. Jour. Sci. (1907), 2, sec. A, 271, pls. 1 & 2.

Catanduanes (Whitehead); Cebu (McGregor); Luzon (Everett, Whitehead, McGregor); Mindanao (Goodfellow); Mindoro (McGregor, Porter); Negros (Keay); Sibuyan (Bourns & Worcester, McGregor).

Adult male.--Upper parts finely vermiculated with blackish brown, pale buff, and gray, more heavily marked with blackish brown on top of head and on scapulars, some of the latter with wide edges of fulvous or buff on outer web; an obsolete collar of buff on hind neck; lower parts finely marked with blackish brown, buff, and whitish buff; a large white patch on each side of throat; some of the breast-feathers with rather large, pale buff, terminal spots; lower breast, flanks, and abdomen buff, rather narrowly barred with brown, less closely barred posteriorly; under tail-coverts very pale buff or white and unbarred; inner primaries, primary-coverts, and outer secondaries strongly barred with rich fulvous; first primary with a large white spot reaching shaft; second, third, and fourth primaries each with a buff-margined white spot crossing both webs and involving the included section of shaft; exposed portion of each of the two outer pairs of rectrices with a large terminal white area, a dusky wash near the tip; rectrices barred basally with buff and dark brown. A male from Mariveles measures: Length, 228; wing, 170; tail, 103; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 25.

Adult female.--Differs from the male in lacking the terminal white area on tail-feathers which are barred and mottled with pale buff and dark brown; on the outer feather there is an ill-defined light buff area at tip of inner web. A female from Mariveles measures: Length, 228; wing, 164; tail, 100; tarsus, 18; middle toe with claw, 26.

Young.--Upper parts blackish brown, very finely vermiculated with white and lacking the black blotches and fulvous edges to scapulars which are present in the adult plumage; under parts about the same shade of gray as in the adult but more finely and more uniformly mottled and barred and without fulvous or buff spots on breast; white spots on throat just indicated; wings and tail similar to the adult.

Eggs.--Whitehead took two eggs of this species at Cape Engaño, Luzon, May 26, 1895, which he described as follows: "Shape elliptical oval; ground-color pale creamy white, with very pale lavender-gray under-markings and very pale brownish over-markings; the blotches and markings, none of which are very large, are unevenly distributed over the whole surface; measurements 31 by 22 mm. The eggs were placed on the sand just above high water mark among sea drift, which, in this instance, consisted of huge tree trunks. Both birds were seen and identified beyond doubt." (Grant and Whitehead.)

The gray nightjar appears to be confined to the vicinity of sandy or shingle beaches and while abundant in the localities where it has been discovered the species has been recorded from but few islands and the female and young have been but recently described. The description of the eggs was published two years before that of the female.

Clarke says with feeling that the female "is not an easy specimen to describe," but it is much easier to describe a single specimen than to write anything that will apply to the variations which occur in the species. In using the descriptions given above considerable allowance must be made for variation in the shade of buff or fulvous; this refers particularly to the scattered spots on breast, the broad edgings of scapulars, and the rusty bars on primaries, primary-coverts, and secondaries, all of which vary from a light buff (even almost white on edges of scapulars) to rich fulvous. These variations are probably due to age, the parts becoming darker with successive molts. In two females from Mariveles, Luzon, the buff spot on first primary does not reach the shaft.

307. CAPRIMULGUS MINDANENSIS (Mearns).

MINDANAO NIGHTJAR.

Caprimulgus affinis mindanensis Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. (1905), 18, 85. Caprimulgus mindanensis McGregor and Worcester, Hand-List (1906), 57.

Mindanao (Mearns).

"Adult male.--Similar to Caprimulgus affinis but differing as follows: General coloration darker. Upper parts hair-brown, finely vermiculated and dotted with clove-brown, light gray, and black; scapulars marked with broken spots of cinnamon; first four primaries barred across their middle with pure white except the outer web of the first primary, this band varying from 12 to 24 mm. in width on the differing feathers, widest on the fourth; outer tail-feather white only on the terminal half, the basal half being cinnamon, clouded and irregularly cross-banded with brownish black, and the tips of both webs clouded with brownish black; second feather similar, but with much less of the dusky clouding at tip; lower abdomen and thigh-coverts cross-banded with pale sepia-brown; under tail-coverts and anal region buff, without cross-bands; upper third of tarsus feathered. Length of skin, 205; wing, 163; tail, 100; culmen, 8; tarsus, 19.

"Individuals vary greatly in the character and size of the punctate and vermiculate markings of the upper surface. The vague black cross-bands of the middle pair of tail-feathers are somewhat V-shaped (open apically), numbering about eight.

"In true affinis, adult males have the outer tail-feather all white, and the lower abdomen, thigh-coverts, and under tail-coverts 'uniform pale fulvous buff.' In C. affinis griseatus the bars are spread over the whole of the lower abdomen, thighs, and lower tail-coverts, and the color is more grayish rufescent than in C. affinis mindanensis, which appears to be closest to the form of C. affinis inhabiting Celebes." (Mearns.)

308. CAPRIMULGUS MANILLENSIS Walden.

MANILA NIGHTJAR.