Part 127

78. =Armpit= (Axilla). The under side of the insertion of the wing into the body.

79. =False= or =Bastard wing= (Alula). A series of several stiffened feathers on the edge of the wing, overlying and exterior to the primary quills, and inserted on the thumb joint of the hand.

80. =Scapulars= (Pennæ scapulares). Stiffened feathers inserted on the shoulder-blade or the insertion of arm (humerus), and filling up the interval between the secondary quills and the body.

81. =Axillars= (Pennæ axillares). Similar feathers connecting the under surface of the wing and the body, and concealed in the closed wing.

82. =Speculum=, or =Mirror= (Speculum alæ). A brilliantly colored portion of the wing especially in the ducks, over the extremities of the secondary quills, and framed in on one side (in the closed wing) by the primary quills, or the other by the scapulars.

83. =Wing coverts= (Tectrices). The smaller feathers of the wing. The

84. =Upper= (superiores), side above or outer. The

85. =Lower= (inferiores), below, or inside, and overlying the bases of the quills. These and the quills form the surfaces of the wings.

86. Primary coverts (Tectrices primariæ). The feathers, which either

87. =Upper= or

88. =Under= overlie the bases of the primary quills. These are on the upper or under surface of the wing; not often distinguished in descriptions.

89. =Secondary coverts= (Tectrices secundariæ). The feathers which, as

90. =Upper= and

91. =Under=, cover the bases of the secondary quills, on the upper or under surface of the wings, being generally those referred to as “coverts.”

92. =Greater coverts= (Tectrices majores). The longest coverts projecting beyond the rest, and resting directly upon the bases of the secondary quills.

93. =Lesser coverts= (Tectrices minores). The succession of many series of small feathers beginning at and covering the anterior edge of the wing, very small at first and increasing in size behind.

94. =Middle coverts= (Tectrices mediæ). One or more rows of coverts, intermediate in size as well as position, between the lesser and greater coverts.

95. =Edge of the wing= (Campterium; Margo carpi). The small feathers covering the anterior edge of the wing, both along the forearm and the hand or first joint, including the bend of the wing.

G. The Legs (Pedes).

96. =Legs= (Pedes). The posterior pair of limbs inserted in the pelvis, and used in walking or running.

97. =Thigh= (Femur). The basal joint of the leg, its head articulating with the pelvis. This is generally imbedded in the flesh, and covered by the skin so as not to be appreciable, especially in the prepared specimen.

98. =Shin= (Tibia). The second or middle joint of the leg, articulated above to the thigh, below to the tarsus. The upper part, sometimes the whole, is enveloped in flesh, and covered by skin and feathers; sometimes the lower extremity is covered by horny plates, the

99. (=Cnemidium=).

100. =Foot joint= (Podarthrum). The junction of the tarsus below with the foot.

101. =Podotheca= (Podotheca). The horny or skinny covering of lower tibia, tarsus, and feet.

102. =Knee= (Genu). The junction of the thigh with the leg, usually concealed by the skin.

103. =Heel joint= (Suffrago). The junction of the leg with the tarsus.

103½. =Tarsus= (Tarsus). The third joint of the leg and next to the tibia; covered generally with horn, sometimes with naked skin or feathers, never with flesh; the toes are articulated to its lower extremity. This joint corresponds to the ankle joint of the human body.