Part 126

55. =Collar= (Torques). A ring of any kind encircling the neck.

D. The Trunk (Truncus).

56. =Trunk= (Truncus). That portion of the body enclosing the viscera and intestines, and carrying the neck and head at one end, the tail at the other, as also the four limbs.

57. =Back= (Dorsum). The portion of the upper surface of the trunk, from the neck to the rump, and corresponding to the dorsal and sacral vertebræ.

58. =Upper back= (Interscapulium). The upper portion of the back, or along the dorsal vertebræ; between the shoulder-blades, and opposite the breast, sometimes called dorsum anticum.

59. =Lower back= (Tergum). The lower portion of the back along the saeral region, from the upper back to the rump, and opposite the belly, sometimes called dorsum posticum.

60. =Rump= (Uropygium). The portion of the upper side of the trunk corresponding to the caudal vertebræ.

61. =Mantle= (Stragulum; Pallium). The back and the outside of the folded wings taken together.

61½. =Ventral region= (Regio ventralis). Under side of body, including breast and abdomen.

62. =Breast= (Pectus). The most anterior portion of the lower surface of trunk, representing the region of the sternum or breast bone (between the jugulum and the abdomen).

63. =Abdomen= (Abdomen). The under side of body, between the breast and the anal region.

64. =Epigaster= (Epigastrium). The anterior portion of abdomen, next to the breast.

65. =Belly= (Venter). The hinder portion of the abdomen, next to the anal region or crissum.

66. =Anal region= (Crissum). The region around the anus, below the tail, and opposite to the rump. Frequently includes under tail coverts.

67. =Flanks= (Hypochondria). The sides of the soft parts of the body.

68. =Humeral region= (Regio humeralis). The anterior portion of the sides; that in which the wing is implanted.

E. The Tail (Cauda).

69. =Tail= (Cauda). The feathers forming the posterior extremity of the body, implanted on the os coccygis, or rump bone.

70. =Tail feathers= (Rectrices). The long individual feathers belonging to the tail.

71. =Tail coverts= (Calypteria). The feathers overlying and covering the base of the tail feathers; the

72. =Upper= (superiores) being those above, and

73. =Lower= (inferiores) those below; sometimes concealing or projecting beyond the tail.

NOTE.—Tegmina (73½) are coverts in general, whether of wing or tail. Calypteria are tail coverts. Tectrices (83), wing coverts.

F. The Wings (Alæ).

74. =Wings= (Alæ). The anterior pair of limbs of the bird, used in flight.

75. =Primary quills=, or =quills of the first series=; =Hand-quills= (Remiges primariæ). The (usually) ten stiff feathers inserted on the hand or first joint (metacarpus and digit), or from the bend of the wing to the tip.

76. =Secondary quills= or =quills of the second series=; =Arm-quills= (Remiges secundarii; Pennæ cubili). The inner quills, or those inserted along the posterior edge of the forearm or cubitus. The innermost of these quills, sometimes longer or different from the rest, are frequently called tertials. (Pennæ tertiariæ.)

77. =Bend of the wing= (Flexura, Plica). The angle of junction of the hand-joint and that of the forearm.