Book Ii.—Italy.

I. INTRODUCTORY—Division and Classification of the Mediæval Styles 500 of Architecture in Italy

II. EARLY CHRISTIAN STYLE—Basilicas at Rome—Basilica of St. Peter— 504 St. Paul’s—Basilicas at Ravenna—St. Mark’s, Venice—Dalmatia and Istria—Torcello

III. CIRCULAR ROMANESQUE CHURCHES—Circular Churches—Tomb of Sta. 542 Costanza—Churches at Perugia, Nocera, Ravenna, Milan—Secular buildings

IV. LOMBARD AND ROUND-ARCHED GOTHIC—Chapel at Friuli—Churches at 558 Piacenza, Asti, and Novara—St. Michele, Pavia—St. Ambrogio, Milan— Cathedral, Piacenza—Churches at Verona—Churches at Toscanella— Circular Churches—Towers

V. BYZANTINE-ROMANESQUE—Cathedral of Naples—San Miniato, Florence— 582 Cathedrals of Pisa and Zara—Cathedrals of Troja, Bari, Bittonto— San Nicole, Bari—Cloisters of St. John Lateran—Baptistery of Mont St. Angelo—San Donato, Zara—Towers—Civic Architecture

VI. POINTED ITALIAN GOTHIC—Fresco paintings—Churches at Vercelli, 607 Asti, Verona, and Lucca—Cathedral at Siena—Sta. Maria, Florence— Church at Chiaravalle—St. Petronio, Bologna—Cathedral at Milan— Certosa, near Pavia—Duomo at Ferrara

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

NO. PAGE

Frontispiece.—Elevation of Façade of Cologne Cathedral.

Vignette to Title-page.—Section of the Parthenon, showing the Author’s views as to the admission of light.

1-6. Diagrams (technical) 8-34

7. Section of Great Pyramid 98

8. Section of King’s Chamber and of Passage in 101 Great Pyramid

9, 10. Pyramid of Sakkara 103

11. Doorway in Tomb at the Pyramids 106

12. Sarcophagus of Mycerinus 106

13. Plan of Temple near the Sphinx 107

14. Plans of houses, Kahun 113

15. Tomb at Beni-Hasan 114

16. Proto-Doric Pillar at Beni-Hasan 115

17. Reed Pillar from Beni-Hasan 115

18. Lotus Pier, Zawyet-el-Mayyitûr 115

19. Rameseum at Thebes 120

20. Central pillar, from Rameseum 121

21. Section of Palace of Thothmes III., Thebes 123

22. Plan of Hypostyle Hall at Karnac 124

23. Section of central portion of same 124

24. Caryatide Pillar, from the Great Court at 125 Medeenet-Habû

25. South Temple of Karnac 126

26. Section through Hall of Columns of same 126

27. Pillar, from Sedinga 127

28. Plan of smaller Temple, Abydus 128

29. Plan of Temple of Abydus 128

30. Plan and Section of Rock-cut Temple at 130 Abû-Simbel

31. Mammeisi at Elephantine 132

32. Plan and Section of Tomb of Meneptah at 134 Thebes

33. Lateran obelisk 135

34. Pavilion at Medeenet-Habû 137

35. View of Pavilion at Medeenet-Habû 137

36. Elevation of an Egyptian House 138

37. Plan of Temple at Edfû 140

38. View of Temple at Edfû 141

39. Bas-relief at Tel el Amarna 142

40. Façade of Temple at Denderah 142

41. Pillar, from the Portico at Denderah 143

42. Plan of Temple at Kalábsheh 143

43. Section of Temple at Kalábsheh 144

44. View of Temple at Philæ 145

45. Plan of Temple at Philæ 145

46. Pyramids at Meroë 148

47. Obelisks at Axum 150

48. Diagram of elevation of Temple at Mugheyr 159

49. Plan of Temple at Mugheyr 159

50. Diagram elevation of Birs Nimroud 160

51. Diagram plan of Birs Nimroud 160

52. Observatory at Khorsabad 162

53. Plan of Observatory, Khorsabad 162

54. Representation of a Temple, Koyunjik 164

55. Elevation of a portion of the external Wall 165 of Wuswus, at Wurka

56. Plan of portion of Wuswus 165

57. Elevation of Wall at Wurka 166

58. Plan of North-West Palace at Nimroud 170

59. Plan of Palace at Khorsabad 171

60. Terrace Wall at Khorsabad 173

61. Plan of the Palace at Khorsabad 174

62. Existing remains of Propylæa at Khorsabad 175

63. Enlarged plan of the three principal Rooms 176 at Khorsabad

64. Restored section of principal Rooms at 177 Khorsabad

65. Restoration of Northern Angle of Palace 178 Court, Khorsabad

66. City Gateways, Khorsabad 180

67. City Gateway at Khorsabad 181

68. Interior of a Yezidi House at Bukra, in the 182 Sinjar

69. Hall of South-West Palace, Nimroud 184

70. Central Palace, Koyunjik 185

71. Pavement Slab from the Central Palace, 186 Koyunjik

72. Pavilion, from the Sculptures at Khorsabad 187

73. Assyrian Temple, North Palace, Koyunjik 188

74. Bas-relief, representing façade of Assyrian 188 Palace

75. Exterior of a Palace, from a Bas-relief at 189 Koyunjik

76. King’s Tent (Koyunjik) 190

77. Horse tent (Nimroud) 190

78. Stylobate of Temple, Khorsabad 191

79. Section of same 191

80. Sacred Symbolic Tree of the Assyrians 192

81. Obelisk of Divanubara 192

82. Plan of Platform at Pasargadæ 195

83. Elevation of same 195

84. Tomb of Cyrus, Pasargadæ 196

85. Plan of Tomb of Cyrus 197

86. Section of Tomb of Cyrus 198

87. View from top of Great Stairs at Persepolis 199

88. Stairs to Palace of Xerxes 200

89. Propylæa at Persepolis 202

90. Palace of Darius 202

91. Façade of Palace of Darius at Persepolis 203

92. Tomb of Darius at Naksh-i-Rustam 204

93. Palace of Xerxes, Persepolis 205

94. Restored Plan of Great Hall of Xerxes at 206 Persepolis

95. Pillar of Western Portico 207

96. Pillar of Northern Portico 207

97. Restored Section of Hall of Xerxes 208

98. Restored Elevation of Capital at Susa 209

99. Frieze of Archers at Susa 210

100. Khabah at Istakr 212

101. Section of Tomb near the Pyramids of Gizeh 215

102. Vaulted Drain beneath the South-East Palace 215 at Nimroud

103. Arch at Dêr-el-Bahree 216

104. Arch of the Cloaca Maxima, Rome 216

105. Arches in the Pyramids at Meroë 217

106. Diagram plan of Solomon’s Palace 220

107. Diagram sections of the House of the Cedars 221 of Lebanon

108. The Tabernacle, showing one half ground plan 222 and one half as covered by the curtains

109. South-East View of the Tabernacle, as 223 restored by the Author

110. Plan of Solomon’s Temple, showing the 224 disposition of the chambers in two storeys

111. Plan of Temple at Jerusalem, as rebuilt by 225 Herod

112. View of the Temple from the East, as it 226 appeared at the time of the Crucifixion

113. Elevation of Tumulus at Tantalais 230

114. Plan and Section of Chamber in Tumulus at 230 Tantalais

115. Section of Tomb of Alyattes 230

116. Rock-cut Frontispiece at Doganlu 233

117. Lycian Tomb 234

118, 119, Rock-cut Lycian Tombs 235, 236, 236 120.

121. Ionic Lycian Tomb 237

122. Elevation of the Monument and Section of the 239 Tomb at Amrith

123. West View of the Acropolis restored 240

124. Section and Plan of Tomb of Atreus at Mycenæ 243

125. Fragment of Pillar of same 244

126. Gateway at Thoricus 245

127. Arch at Delos 245

128. Wall in Peloponnesus 246

129. Gateway at Assos 246

130. Doorway at Missolonghi 247

131. Gate of Lions, Mycenæ 247

132. Plan of Palace at Tiryns 248

133. Plan of the Acropolis at Athens 251

134. Temple at Ægina restored 252

135. Ancient Corinthian Capital 258

136, 137, Doric Column of the Temple at Delos, the 260 138. Parthenon at Athens, and the Temple at Corinth

139. The Parthenon, Athens 262

140. Ionic order of Erechtheium 264

141. Ionic order in Temple of Apollo at Bassæ 265

142. Section of Capital of same 265

143. Order of the Choragic Monument of 266 Lysicrates, Athens

144. Order of the Tower of the Winds 267

145. Caryatide Figure in the British Museum 268

146. Caryatide Figure from the Erechtheium 268

147. Telamones at Agrigentum 269

148. Small Temple at Rhamnus 269

149. Plan of Temple of Apollo at Bassæ 270

150. Plan of Parthenon at Athens 270

151. Plan of the Great Temple at Selinus 270

152. Plan of Great Temple at Agrigentum 271

153. Section of the Parthenon 273

154. Part Section, part Elevation, of Great 273 Temple at Agrigentum

155. Plan of Erechtheium 274

156. Elevation of West End of Erechtheium 274

157. View of Erechtheium 275

158. Restored plan of Erechtheium 276

159. Plan of the Temple of Diana at Ephesus 277

160. Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, Athens 279

161. Plan of Theatre at Dramyssus 280

162. View of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, as 282 restored by the Author

163. Plan of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, from 283 a drawing by the Author

164. Lion Tomb at Cnidus 284

165. Rock-cut and Structural Tombs at Cyrene 286

166. Tombs at Cyrene 287

167. Plan and Elevation of an Etruscan Temple 292

168. Tombs at Castel d’Asso 295

169. Mouldings from Tombs at same 295

170. Plan of Regulini Galeassi Tomb 296

171. Sections of same 297

172. Section of a Tomb at Cervetri 298

173. View of principal Chamber in the Regulini 298 Galeassi Tomb

174. Plan of Cocumella, Vulci 299

175. View of same 299

176. Tomb of Aruns, Albano 300

177. Gateway at Arpino 301

178. Aqueduct at Tusculum 301

179. Doric Order 308

180. Ionic Order 309

181. Corinthian Order 310

182. Composite Order 312

183. Corinthian Base, found in Church of St. 312 Praxede in Rome

184. Doric Arcade 313

185. View in Courtyard of Palace at Spalato 314

186. Temple of Mars Ultor 316

187. Plan of Maison Carrée at Nîmes 317

188. Plan of Temple of Diana at Nîmes 317

189. View of the Interior of same 318

190. Plan of Pantheon at Rome 319

191. Half Elevation, half Section, of the 320 Pantheon at Rome

192. Plan of Temple at Tivoli 322

193. Restored Elevation of Temple at Tivoli 322

194. Plan and elevation of Temple in Diocletian’s 323 Palace at Spalato

195. Ruins of the Temple of Jupiter Olympius at 324 Athens

196. Plan of same 324

197. Plan of Small Temple at Baalbec 325

198. Elevation of same 325

199. Plan of Trajan’s Basilica at Rome 328

200. Restored Section of Trajan’s Basilica 328

201. Plan of Basilica of Maxentius 330

202. Longitudinal Section of same 330

203. Transverse Section of same 330

204. Pillar of Maxentian Basilica 331

205. Plan of the Basilica at Trèves 332

206. Internal View of same 332

207. External View of same 333

208. Plan of Basilica at Pompeii 333

209. Plan of the Theatre at Orange 335

210. View of same 336

211. Elevation and Section of part of the Flavian 338 Amphitheatre, at Rome

212. Quarter-plan of the Seats and quarter-plan 338 of the Basement of the Flavian Amphitheatre

213. Elevation of Amphitheatre at Verona 341

214. Baths of Caracalla, as restored by A. Blouet 344

215. Arch of Trajan at Beneventum 347

216. Arch of Titus at Rome 348

217. Arch of Septimius Severus 348

218. Porte St. André at Autun 349

219. Plan of Porta Nigra at Trèves 350

220. View of same 350

221. Bridge at Chamas 351

222. Column at Cussi 354

223. Capital of Column at Cussi 354

224. Tomb of Cæcilia Metella 355

225. Columbarium near the Gate of St. Sebastian, 356 Rome

226. Section of Sepulchre at San Vito 357

227. Section and Elevation of Tomb of Sta. 358 Helena, Rome

228. Plan of Minerva Medica at Rome 360

229. Section of Minerva Medica 360

230. Rib of Roof of Minerva Medica 360

231. Tomb at St. Rémi 361

232. Monument at Igel, near Trèves 362

233. Khasné, Petra 364

234. Section of Tomb at Khasné 365

235. Corinthian Tomb, Petra 366

236. Rock-cut interior at Petra 367

237. Façade of Herod’s Tombs 368

238. So-called “Tomb of Zechariah” 368

239. The so-called Tomb of Absalom 369

240. Angle of Tomb of Absalom 369

241. Façade of the Tomb of the Judges 370

242. Tomb at Mylassa 371

243. Tomb at Dugga 372

244. Plan of the Kubr Roumeïa 373

245. View of the Madracen 373

246. Palace of Diocletian at Spalato 377

247. Golden Gateway at Spalato 379

248. House of Pansa at Pompeii 381

249. Wall Decoration at Pompeii 383

250. Aqueduct of Segovia 386

251. Aqueduct of Tarragona 386

252. Bridge of Trajan, Alcantara, Spain 387

253. Plan of Palace at Al Hadhr 390

254. Elevation of part of the Palace of Al Hadhr 391

255. Plan of the Mosque at Diarbekr 392

256. Façade of South Palace at Diarbekr 393

257. View in the Court showing North Palace 394

258. Plan of Palace at Serbistan 396

259. Section of Palace at Serbistan 396

260. Plan of Palace at Firouzabad 397

261. Doorway at Firouzabad 397

262. Part of External Wall, Firouzabad 398

263. Plan of Tâk Kesra at Ctesiphon 399

264. Elevation of Great Arch of same 399

265. Sketch Plan of Palace at Mashita 400

266. Interior of ruined Triapsal Hall of Palace 402 of same

267. One compartment of Western Octagon Tower of 403 the Persian Palace at Mashita

268. Part of West Wing Wall of External Façade of 404 Palace at Mashita

269. Elevation of External Façade of the Palace 405 at Mashita, as restored by the Author

270. Plan of Palace at Rabbath Ammon in Moab 407

271. Section of Palace at same 407

272. Arch of Chosroes at Takt-i-Bostan 408

273. Plan of Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem 419

274. Plan of Eski Djuma, Thessalonica 420

275. Plan of St. Demetrius, Thessalonica 421

276. Arches in St. Demetrius at Thessalonica, 421 A.D. 500 to 520.

277. Pillar in Church of St. John, Constantinople 422

278. Plan of Church in Baquoza 423

279. Section of Church at Baquoza 423

280. Plan of Church and Part of Monastic 423 Buildings at Kalat Sema’n

281. Plan of Church at Roueiha 424

282. Section of Church at Roueiha 424

283. Plan of Church at Qalb Louzeh 425

284. Apse of Church at Qalb Louzeh 425

285. Plan of Chapel at Babouda 426

286. Elevation of Chapel at Babouda 426

287. Façade of Church at Tourmanin 427

288. Plan of Church at Pergamus 428

289. Section of Church at Tafkha 429

290. Plan of Church at Tafkha 429

291. Section on C D of same 429

292. Half Front Elevation, Tafkha 429

293. Plan of Great Church at Hierapolis 430

294. Plan of Church at Hierapolis 430

295. Section of same. With monogram found on its 431 walls

296. Plan of Church on Mount Gerizim 432

297. Plan of Cathedral at Bosra 432

298. Section of Double Church at Kalat Sema’n 433

299. Plan of Church, Kalat Sema’n 433

300. Diagram of Byzantine Arrangement 434

301. Diagram of Byzantine Pendentives 434

302. Interior of Tomb of Galla Placidia, Ravenna 435

303. Interior of Chapel in Archiepiscopal Palace, 435 Ravenna

304. Plan of the Church of St. George at 435 Thessalonica

305. Section of same 436

306. View of same 436

307. Plan of Kalybe at Omm-es-Zeitoun 437

308. View of same 437

309. Plan of Church at Ezra 438

310. Section of Church at Ezra 438

311. Plan of Church of SS. Sergius and Bacchus 439

312. Section of Church of S. Sergius 439

313. Capital from Church of same 439

314. Entablature from same 439

315. Plan of Sta. Sophia. Upper Storey and Ground 441 Floor

316. Elevation of Façade of same 442

317. Section of Sta. Sophia from E. to W. 443

318. Lower Order of Sta. Sophia 445

319. Upper Order of Sta. Sophia 446

320. Elevation of House at Refadi 448

321. Plan of House at Moudjeleia 448

322. Window at Chaqqa 448

323. Interior of the Golden Gateway 449

324. Golden Gateway (West side) 450

325. Roof of one of the Compartments of the Gate 450 Huldah

326. Tomb at Hass 451

327. Half Section, half Elevation of Dome of Sta. 453 Irene at Constantinople

328. Church of St. Clement, Ancyra 455

329. Plan of St. Clement, Ancyra 455

330. Plan of Church at Trabala 456

331. Church of Moné tés Choras 456

332. Plan of the Theotokos 457

333. Elevation of Church of Theotokos 457

334. Apse of Church of the Apostles, Thessalonica 458

335. Plan of Catholicon: Dochiariu 459

336. Plan of Panagia Lycodemo 460

337. Church of Panagia Lycodemo 460

338. Cathedral at Athens 461

339. Plan of the Church at Mistra 462

340. Church at Mistra 462

341. Apse from Mistra 463

342. Palace of the Hebdomon, Constantinople 464

343. View of Church at Dighour 467

344. Plan of Church at Dighour 468

345. Section of Dome at Dighour 468

346. Plan of Church at Usunlar 469

347. West Elevation of same 469

348. Plan of Church at Pitzounda 469

349. Section of Church at Pitzounda 470

350. View of Church at Pitzounda 470

351. Plan of Church at Bedochwinta 471

352. Plan of Church at Mokwi 471

353. Plan of Church at Etchmiasdin 472

354. Plan of Church of Kouthais 472

355. Window at Kouthais 472

356. Plan of Cathedral at Ani 473

357. Section of Cathedral at Ani 473

358. Side Elevation of same 474

359. East Elevation of Chapel at Samthawis 475

360. Niche at Samthawis 475

361. Plan of Tomb at Ani 475

362. Tomb at Ani 475

363. Tomb at Varzahan 476

364. Capital at Ani 477

365. Capital at Gelathi 477

366. Window in small Church at Ish Khan, Tortoom, 478 Armenia

367. Window in same 478

368. Jamb of Doorway at same 479

369. Cave of Inkerman 482

370. Rock-cut Church at Inkerman 482

371. View in Church Cave, near Sebastopol 482

372. Plan of Church of St. Basil, Kief 486

373. Plan of St. Irene, Kief 486

374. Plan of Cathedral at Kief 486

375. East End of the Church at Novogorod 487

376. Cathedral at Tchernigow 488

377. Village Church near Novogorod 489

378. Village Church near Tzarskoe Selo 490

379. Interior of Church at Kostroma 491

380. Interior of Church near Kostroma 492

381. Doorway of the Troitzka Monastery, near 493 Moscow

382. Plan of the Church of the Assumption, Moscow 493

383. Plan of the Church of St. Basil (Vassili 493 Blanskenoy), Moscow

384. View of the same 494

385. View of Church at Kurtea d’Argyisch 495

386. Plan of same 495

387. Tower of Ivan Veliki, Moscow, with the 496 Cathedrals of the Assumption and the Archangel Gabriel

388. Tower of Boris, Kremlin, Moscow 497

389. Sacred Gate, Kremlin, Moscow 498

390. Plan of Church at Djemla 509

391. Plan of Church at Announa 509

392. Plan of Church at Ibrim in Nubia 510

393. Plan of Basilica at Orleansville 510

394. Plan of White Convent near Siout 511

395. Plan of the Church of San Clemente at Rome 513

396. Plan of the original Basilica of St. Peter 516 at Rome

397. Basilica of St. Peter, before its 518 destruction

398. View of the Interior of St. Paul’s at Rome, 520 before the fire

399. Plan of Sta. Maria Maggiore 521

400. View of Sta. Maria Maggiore 522

401. Plan of Sta. Agnese 522

402. Section of Sta. Agnese 522

403. Plan of St. Lorenzo, Fuori le Mura, Rome 523

404. Interior view of same 524

405. Plan of Sta. Pudentiana 525

406. Section of Sta. Pudentiana 525

407. Capital of Sta. Pudentiana 525

408. Half Section, half Elevation, of the Church 526 of San Vincenzo alle Tre Fontane, Rome

409. Plan of St. Apollinare in Classe 528

410. Arches in Church of St. Apollinare Nuovo 528

411. Part of Apse in St. Apollinare in Classe, 529 Ravenna

412. View of Exterior of same 529

413. Plan of St. Mark’s, Venice 531

414. Capital in Apse of same 532

415. View of St. Mark’s, Venice 533

416. Section of St. Mark’s, Venice 534

417. Plan of St. Antonio, Padua 536

418. Church at Parenzo in Istria 537

419. Capital of Pillar at Parenzo 538

420. Plan of Church at Torcello 539

421. Apse of Basilica at Torcello 540

422. Plan of Baptistery of Constantine 544

423. Plan of Tomb of Sta. Costanza, Rome 544

424. Plan of San Stefano Rotondo 545

425. Plan of Sti. Angeli, Perugia 545

426. Section of Sti. Angeli, Perugia 546

427. Plan of Baptistery at Nocera dei Pagani 546

428. Section of same 547

429. Plan of St. Vitale, Ravenna 548

430. Section of St. Vitale, Ravenna 548

431. Capital from same 549

431a. Capital from same 550

432. Plan of S. Lorenzo at Milan 551

433. Half-section, half-elevation of the 552 Baptistery at Novara

434. Plan of Tomb of Galla Placidia, Ravenna 553

435. Capital of shafts forming peristyle round 554 Theodoric’s Tomb, Ravenna

436. Plan of Tomb of Theodoric 554

437. Elevation of Tomb of Theodoric 554

438. Palazzo delle Torre, Turin 556

439. Chapel at Friuli 559

440. Plan of San Antonio, Piacenza 560

440a. Section of same 561

441. Plan and Section of Baptistery at Asti 561

442. Plan of the Cathedral at Novara 562

443. Elevation and Section of same 563

444. Section of San Michele, Pavia 564

445. View of the Apse of same 565

446. Plan of San Ambrogio, Milan 566

447. Atrium of San Ambrogio, Milan 567

448. Façade of the Cathedral at Piacenza 568

449. Apse of the Cathedral, Verona 570

450. Façade of San Zenone, Verona 571

451. Plan of Sta. Maria, Toscanella 573

452. View of the Interior of same 573

453. Elevation of the Exterior of same 574

454. Plan of the Duomo, Brescia 575

455. Elevation of Duomo at Brescia 575

456. Section of Duomo at Brescia 576

457. Plan of San Tomaso in Limine 576

458. Section of San Tomaso 576

459. Tower of Sta. Maria-in-Cosmedin 578

460. Plan of the Old and New Cathedrals at Naples 583

461. Plan of San Miniato, Florence 584

462. Section of same 584

463. Elevation of same 585

464. Transverse section of same 586

465. View of the Cathedral at Pisa 587

466. Plan of Zara Cathedral 588

467. View of Zara Cathedral 589

468. Façade of Cathedral at Troja 591

469. Plan of Cathedral at Bari 591

470. East End of Cathedral at Bari 592

471. Apse of San Pellino 592

472. Church at Caserta Vecchia 592

473. West Front of Bittonto Cathedral 593

474. West Front of the Church of San Nicolo in 594 Bari

475. View of the Interior of San Nicolo, Bari 595

476. Plan of Crypt at Otranto 596

477. View in Crypt at Otranto 596

478. Window in the South side of the Cathedral 597 Church in Matera

479. Doorway of Church of Pappacoda, Naples 598

480. Cloister of St. John Lateran 599

481. Plan of Church at Molfetta 600

482. Section of Church at Molfetta 600

483. Section of Baptistery, Mont St. Angelo 601

484. Plan of same 601

485. Tomb of Bohemund at Canosa 601

486. Plans of San Donato, Zara 603

487. Section of San Donato, Zara 603

488. Leaning Tower at Pisa 604

489. Tower of Gaeta 604

490. Plan of Castel del Monte 606

491. Part Section, part Elevation, of Castel del 606 Monte

492. Plan of the Church at Vercelli 610

493. Church at Asti 611

494. Plan of Sta. Anastasia, Verona 612

495. One Bay of Sta. Anastasia, Verona 612

496. One Bay, externally and internally, of the 613 Church of San Martino, Lucca

497. Plan of Cathedral at Siena 614

498. Façade of the Cathedral at Siena 615

499. Plan of the Cathedral at Florence 617

500. Section of Dome and part of Nave of the 618 Cathedral at Florence

501. Part of the Flank of Cathedral at Florence 619

502. Dome at Chiaravalle, near Milan 620

503. Section of Eastern portion of Church at 621 Chiaravalle

504. Plan of the part executed of St. Petronio, 623 Bologna

505. Section of San Petronio, Bologna 624

506. Plan of the Cathedral of Milan 625

507. Section of Cathedral of Milan 627

508. View of the Interior of same 628

509. Plan of designed Façade of same 629

510. View of the Certosa, near Pavia 630

511. Duomo at Ferrara 632

512. View of St. Francesco, Brescia 633

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HISTORY

ARCHITECTURE.

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INTRODUCTION.