Part 86

Series V. =Nudifloræ.= Perianth absent, or reduced to hairs or scales. Ovary superior, carpel solitary, or if many, syncarpous, 1–∞-ovuled. Endosperm most frequently present.

Order 188. Pandaneæ. „ 189. Cyclanthaceæ. „ 190. Typhaceæ. „ 191. Aroideæ. „ 192. Lemnaceæ.

Series VI. =Apocarpæ.= Perianth 1–2-seriate, or absent. Carpels superior, solitary, or if more, apocarpous. Endosperm absent.

Order 193. Triurideæ. „ 194. Alismaceæ. „ 195. Naiadaceæ.

Series VII. =Glumaceæ.= Flowers solitary, sessile in the axils of bracts and arranged in capitula or spikelets with bracts. Segments of perianth small, scale-like, glumaceous or absent. Ovary 1-ovuled, or divided into 1-ovuled loculi. Endosperm present.

Order 196. Eriocauleæ. „ 197. Centrolepideæ. „ 198. Restiaceæ. „ 199. Cyperaceæ. „ 200. Gramineæ.

Classification of the Thallophytes proposed by SACHS (Text-Book of Botany, English Edition, 1882).

THALLOPHYTES.

Containing chlorophyll. | Not containing chlorophyll.

Class I. =Protophyta.=

Cyanophyceæ. | Schizomycetes. Palmellaceæ (in part). | Saccharomycetes.

Class II. =Zygosporeæ.= Conjugating cells motile.

Pandorineæ. | Myxomycetes. (Hydrodictyeæ). |

Conjugating cells stationary.

Conjugatæ (including | Zygomycetes. Diatomaceæ). |

Class III. =Oosporeæ.=

Sphæroplea. | Vaucheria (Cœloblastæ). | { Saprolegnieæ. | { Peronosporeæ. Volvocineæ. | Œdogonieæ. | Fucoideæ. |

Class IV. Carposporeæ.

Coleochæteæ. | Ascomycetes (including Lichens). Florideæ. | Æcidiomycetes (Uredineæ). Characeæ. | Basidiomycetes.

System of A. W. EICHLER (1883).

A. =Cryptogamæ.= I. =Thallophyta.= 1. Class. ALGÆ. 1 Group. Cyanophyceæ. 2 „ Diatomeæ. 3 „ Chlorophyceæ. 1 Series. Conjugatæ. 2 „ Zoosporeæ. 3 „ Characeæ. 4 Group. Phæophyceæ. 5 „ Rhodophyceæ. 2. Class. FUNGI. 1 Group. Schizomycetes. 2 „ Eumycetes. 1 Series. Phycomycetes. 2 „ Ustilagineæ. 3 „ Æcidiomycetes. 4 „ Ascomycetes. 5 „ Basidiomycetes. 3 Group. Lichenes. II. =Bryophyta.= 1 Group. Hepaticæ. 2 „ Musci. III. =Pteridophyta.= 1 Class. EQUISETINÆ. 2 „ LYCOPODINÆ. 3 „ FILICINÆ. B. =Phanerogamæ.= 1. Gymnospermæ. 2. Angiospermæ.

The subdivisions of the Phanerogamæ have with little variation been adopted in this book.

Classification of the THALLOPHYTES, adopted in the 3rd Danish Edition (1891). [Algæ by Wille; Fungi by Rostrup (after Zopf).]

=I. DIVISION. THALLOPHYTA.= I. Sub-division. =Algæ.= 1 Class. CHLOROPHYCEÆ (GREEN ALGÆ). 1 Family. Conjugatæ. 2 „ Protococcoideæ. 3 „ Confervoideæ. 4 „ Siphoneæ. 5 „ Gyrophyceæ. 2 Class. PHÆOPHYCEÆ (BROWN ALGÆ). 1 Family. Syngeneticæ. 2 „ Dinoflagellata. 3 „ Pyritophyceæ (Diatomeæ). 4 „ Phæosporeæ. 5 „ Cyclosporeæ. 6 „ Dictyoteæ. 3 Class. ACILIATÆ. A. Sub-class. Schizophyceæ. 1 Family. Myxophyceæ (Blue-Green Algæ). 2 „ Bacteria. B. Sub-class. Rhodophyceæ. 1 Family. Bangioideæ. 2 „ Florideæ. II. Sub-division. =Myxomycetes.= III. „ =Fungi.= A. =Phycomycetes.= 1 Class. OOMYCETES. 2 „ ZYGOMYCETES. B. =Mycomycetes.= 3 Class. BASIDIOMYCETES. A. Sub-class. Protobasidiomycetes. B. „ Autobasidiomycetes. 1 Family. Hymenomycetes. 2 „ Gasteromycetes. 3 „ Basidiolichenes. 4 Class. ASCOMYCETES. 1 Family. Gymnoasci. 2 „ Perisporieæ. 3 „ Pyrenomycetes. 4 „ Discomycetes. 5 „ Ascolichenes.

System of A. ENGLER (Syllabus der Vorlesungen, etc., 1892).

=I. DIVISION. MYXOTHALLOPHYTA.= Sub-division. =Myxomycetes.= 1 Class. ACRASIEÆ. 2 „ PLASMODIOPHORALES. 3 „ MYXOGASTERES. 1 Series. Ectosporeæ. 2 „ Endosporeæ.

=II. DIVISION. EUTHALLOPHYTA.= I. Sub-division. =Schizophyta.= 1 Class. SCHIZOPHYCEÆ. 2 „ SCHIZOMYCETES. II. Sub-division. =Dinoflagellata.= Class. DINOFLAGELLATA. 1 Series. Adinida. 2 „ Dinifera. III. Sub-division. =Bacillariales.= Class. BACILLARIALES. IV. Sub-division. =Gamophyceæ.= 1 Class. CONJUGATÆ. 2 „ CHLOROPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. Protococcales. 2 „ Confervales. 3 „ Siphoneæ. 3 Class. CHARALES. 4 „ PHÆOPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. Phæosporeæ. 2 „ Cyclosporeæ. 5 Class. DICTYOTALES. 6 „ RHODOPHYCEÆ. 1 Sub-class. Bangiales. 2 „ Florideæ. 1 Series. Nemalionales. 2 „ Gigartinales. 3 „ Rhodymeniales. 4 „ Cryptonemiales. V. Sub-division. =Fungi.= 1 Class. PHYCOMYCETES. 1 Series. Zygomycetes. 2 „ Oomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Chytridiales. 2 „ Mycosiphonales. 2 Class. MESOMYCETES. 1 Sub-class. Hemiasci. 2 „ Hemibasidii. 3 Class. MYCOMYCETES. 1 Sub-class. Ascomycetes. 1 Series. Exoasci. 2 „ Carpoasci. 1 Sub-series. Gymnoascales. 2 „ Perisporiales. 3 „ Pyrenomycetes. Appended. Pyrenolichenes. 4 Sub-series. Hysteriales. 5 „ Discomycetes. Appended. Discolichenes. 2 Sub-class. Basidiomycetes. 1 Series. Protobasidiomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Uredinales. 2 „ Auriculariales. 3 „ Tremellinales. 4 „ Pilacrales. 2 Series. Autobasidiomycetes. 1 Sub-series. Dacryomycetes. 2 „ Hymenomycetes. Appended. Hymenolichenes. 3 Sub-series. Phalloideæ. 4 „ Gasteromycetes. Appended. Gasterolichenes. Fungi imperfecti.

=III. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA ZOIDIOGAMA= (Archegoniatæ). I. Sub-division. =Bryophyta (Muscinei).= 1 Class. HEPATICÆ. 1 Series. Marchantiales. 2 „ Anthocerotales. 3 „ Jungermanniales. 1 Sub-series. Anacrogynæ. 2 „ Acrogynæ. 2 Class. MUSCI. 1 Sub-class. Sphagnales. 2 „ Andreæales. 3 „ Archidiales. 4 „ Bryales. 1 Series. Cleistocarpæ. 2 „ Stegocarpæ. 1 Sub-series. Acrocarpæ. 2 „ Pleurocarpæ. II. Sub division. =Pteridophyta.= 1 Class. FILICALES. 1 Sub-class. Filices. 1 Series. Planithallosæ. 2 „ Tuberithallosæ. 2 Sub-class. Hydropterides. 2 Class. EQUISETALES. 1 Sub-class. Isosporæ. 2 „ Heterosporæ. 3 Class. SPHENOPHYLLALES. 4 „ LYCOPODICELES. 1 Sub-class. Isosporæ. 2 „ Heterosporæ.