A Hand-Book to the Primates, Volume 2 (of 2)

Volume I: See Https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/43991

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PLATE XXVI.

LLOYD'S NATURAL HISTORY.

EDITED BY R. BOWDLER SHARPE, LL.D., F.L.S., &c.

A HAND-BOOK TO THE PRIMATES.

BY HENRY O. FORBES, LL.D., F.R.G.S., F.Z.S., ETC., DIRECTOR OF MUSEUMS TO THE CORPORATION OF LIVERPOOL, Author of "A Naturalist's Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago," etc., etc., etc.

VOL. II.

LONDON: EDWARD LLOYD, LIMITED, 12, SALISBURY SQUARE, FLEET STREET. 1897.

PREFACE.

The prefatory remarks in the preceding volume explain the purport of the "Hand-book" of the Primates, which has been undertaken by Dr. Forbes. I hope that the portion of the work devoted to the geographical distribution of these animals will be found to be of some interest; but, as explained by the author, the meagreness of the material in Museums renders the definition of the exact habitats of Monkeys extremely difficult.

R. BOWDLER SHARPE.

INTRODUCTION.

I have little to add to the remarks given in the first volume of this "Hand-book." I may refer, however, to the interest which attaches to the study of the extinct forms of life, in relation to those which exist at the present day. Although I have endeavoured, to the best of my ability, to present to the student as complete a review of the species of Monkeys known to us at the present time, I am well aware that there is an enormous amount of work to be done before our knowledge of the Primates can be said to be complete. There is a natural repugnance to collecting specimens of Monkeys on the part of sportsmen. To shoot one feels like killing a sort of relation, and even our best collectors, who thoroughly understood the necessity of obtaining specimens in the interests of science, speak with a feeling of pain of the human-like distress which a wounded Monkey exhibits; and it is, therefore, difficult to induce travellers to shoot animals which offer so much of a "counterfeit presentment" to human beings.

The loose way in which the older naturalists expressed themselves in regard to geographical distribution, has also rendered a correct appreciation of the ranges of some of the Primates exceedingly difficult. Thus "Brazil" may mean any portion of the South American continent from the Argentine Republic to the Amazons, and "Mexique" has done duty in many Museums for any locality between Mexico and Panama. Much, therefore, remains to be done to define the exact areas which the different species of Primates inhabit.

HENRY O. FORBES.

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

PAGE ORDER PRIMATES (continued), 1

SUB ORDER II.--ANTHROPOIDEA (continued), 1

FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDÆ (continued), 1

SUB-FAMILY CERCOPITHECINÆ (continued), 1

IV. MACACUS, Lacép., 1, 213 1. inuus (L.), 4, 213 2. arctoides, Is. Geoffr., 8 3. rufescens, Anders., 11 4. maurus, F. Cuv., 11 5. fuscatus, Blyth, 13 6. leoninus, Blyth, 14 7. nemestrinus (L.), 16 8. silenus (L.), 18 9. assamensis, McClell., 20 10. rhesus (Audeb.), 22 11. lasiotis, Gray, 25 12. tcheliensis, Milne-Edw., 26 13. sancti-johannis (Swinh.), 28 14. cyclops, Swinh., 28 15. cynomologus (L.), 31 16. pileatus (Shaw), 33 17. sinicus (L.), 35

V. CERCOCEBUS, Geoffr., 36 1. fuliginosus, Geoffr., 37 2. collaris, Gray, 38 3. æthiops (L.), 39 4. albigena, Gray, 40 5. aterrimus, Oudem., 40 6. galeritus, Peters, 41

VI. CERCOPITHECUS, Erxl. 41

Group I.--Cercopitheci rhinosticti 44 1. petaurista (Schreb.) 44 2. signatus, Jentink 45 3. erythrogaster, Gray 46 4. buettikoferi, Jentink 47 5. martini, Waterh. 47 6. ludio, Gray 48 7. melanogenys, Gray 49 8. stampflii, Jentink 50 9. schmidti, Matschie 50 10. nictitans (L.) 51 11. erythrotis, Waterh. 52 12. cephus (L.) 53

Group II.--Cercopitheci chloronoti 54 13. cynosurus (Scop.) 55 14. sabæus (L.) 56 15. werneri, Geoffr. 58 16. callitrichus, Is. Geoffr. 58 17. pygerythrus, F. Cuv. 60 18. tantalus, Ogilby 62

Group III.--Cercopitheci erythronoti 63 19. patas (Schreb.) 63 20. pyrrhonotus, H. and E. 64 21. rufo-viridis, Geoffr. 65

Group IV.--Cercopitheci melanochiri 66 22. mona (Schreb.) 66 23. albigularis (Sykes) 67 24. boutourlinii, Gigl. 69 25. campbelli, Waterh. 70 26. samango, Sundev. 71 27. labiatus, Geoffr. 72 28. opisthostictus, Scl. 72 29. stairsi, Scl. 73 30. moloneyi, Scl. 74 31. neglectus, Schl. 75 32. leucampyx (Fischer) 75

Group V.--Cercopitheci auriculati 76 33. grayi, Fraser 77 34. pogonias, Bennett 78 35. nigripes, Du Chaillu 78 36. wolfi, Meyer 79

Group VI.--Cercopitheci barbati 79 37. diana (L.) 79 38. palatinus, Wagn. 81 39. brazzæ, Milne-Edw. 81

Group VII.--Cercopitheci trituberculati 82 40. talapoin, Erxl. 82

SUB-FAMILY SEMNOPITHECINÆ 83

I. COLOBUS, Illig. 85, 214 1. verus, Van Bened. 87 2. rufomitratus, Peters 88 3. kirki, Gray 89 4. ferrugineus (Shaw) 91 5. satanas, Waterh. 93 6. ursinus, Ogilby 93 7. vellerosus (Is. Geoffr.) 94 8. angolensis, Scl. 96 9. guereza, Rüpp. 97 10. caudatus, Thomas 98

II. SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv. 100, 214 1. barbii (Blyth) 102 2. pileatus, Blyth 103 3. entellus (Dufr.) 104 4. schistaceus, Hodgs. 107 5. priamus (Blyth) 108 6. hypoleucus, Blyth 110 7. johni (Fischer) 111 8. cephalopterus (Zimm.) 112 9. sabanus, Thomas 116 10. hosii, Thomas 117 11. thomasi, Collett 119 12. everetti, Thomas 120 13. cruciger, Thomas 121 14. ursinus (Blyth) 122 15. obscurus, Reid 123 16. holotephreus, Anders. 124 17. germaini, Milne-Edw. 124 18. maurus (Schreb.) 125 19. femoralis, Horsf. 126 20. rubicundus, S. Müll. 128 21. natunæ, Thomas and Hartert 129 22. phayrii (Blyth) 131 23. rutledgii, Anderson 133 24. frontatus, S. Müll. 133 25. nemæus (L.) 134 26. nigripes, Milne-Edw. 135 27. melanolophus (Raffl.) 136 28. mitratus (Esch.) 137 29. roxellanæ, Milne-Edw. 139

III. NASALIS, Geoffr. 140 1. larvatus (Wurmb.) 140

FAMILY SIMIIDÆ 143

I. HYLOBATES Illig. 148, 216 1. agilis, F. Cuv. 151 2. leuciscus (Schreb.) 154 [alpha]. leuciscus (Schreb.) 154 . concolor, Schl. 155 3. leucogenys, Ogilby 158 4. lar (L.) 159 5. hoolock, Haslan. 161 6. hainanus, Thomas 164 7. syndactylus (Desm.) 166

II. SIMIA, L. 170, 217 1. satyrus, L. 170, 217

III. GORILLA, Is. Geoffr. 180 1. gorilla (Wyman) 180

IV. ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainv. 187, 217 1. troglodytes (L.) 194 2. calvus (Du Chaillu) 199

FAMILY HOMINIDÆ 203, 218

I. HOMO, L. 203 1. sapiens, L. 203 [alpha]. Ethiopian Race 207 . Mongolian Race 207 [gamma]. Caucasian Race 208

EXTINCT ANTHROPOIDEA 209

FAMILY HAPALIDÆ 210

I. HAPALE, Illig. 210 1. grandis, Lund 210

FAMILY CEBIDÆ 210

SUB-FAMILY NYCTIPITHECINÆ:

I. PROTOPITHECUS, Lund 210 1. brasiliensis, Lund 210

II. CALLITHRIX, Geoffr. 210 1. chlorocnomys, Lund 210 2. primæva, Lund 210

SUB-FAMILY MYCETINÆ:

III. ALOUATTA, Lacép. 210 1. ursina (Humb.) 210

SUB-FAMILY CEBINÆ:

IV. CEBUS, Erxl. 210 1. macrognathus, Lund 210 2. fatuellus (L.) 210 3. cirrifer, Geoff. 210

V. HOMUNCULUS, Amegh. 211 1. patagonicus, Amegh. 211

VI. ANTHROPOPS, Amegh. 211 1. perfectus, Amegh. 211

FAMILY CERCOPITHECIDÆ.

SUB-FAMILY CERCOPITHECINÆ:

I. PAPIO, Erxl. 212 1. sub-himalayamus (Meyer) 212 2. falconeri (Lydekker) 212 3. atlanticus, Thomas 212

II. OREOPITHECUS, Gerv. 212 1. bambolii, Gerv. 212

III. MACACUS, Lacép. 1, 213 1. sivalensis, Lydekker 213 2. priscus 213 3. inuus, Gervais 4, 213 4. florentinus, Cocchi 213 5. suevicus, Heding. 213 6. trarensis, Pomel 213

IV. DOLICHOPITHECUS, Depéret 214 1. ruscinensis, Depéret 214

V. MESOPITHECUS, Wagn. 214 1. pentelici, Wagn. 214

SUB-FAMILY SEMNOPITHECINÆ:

I. COLOBUS, Illig. 85, 214 1. grandævus, Fraas. 214

II. SEMNOPITHECUS, F. Cuv. 100, 215 1. monspessulanus, Gerv. 215 2. palæindicus, Lydekker 215

FAMILY SIMIIDÆ 215

I. PLIOPITHECUS, Gerv. 215 1. antiquus, Gerv. 215 2. chantrei, Gerv. 216

II. HYLOBATES, Illig. 148, 216 1. leuciscus (Schieb.) 216

III. DRYOPITHECUS, Lartet. 216 1. fontani, Lartet. 217

IV. SIMIA, L. 170, 217 1. satyrus, L. 170, 217

V. ANTHROPOPITHECUS, Blainv. 188, 217 1. sivalensis (Lydekker) 217

FAMILY HOMINIDÆ 218

I. HOMO, L. 218

LIST OF PLATES.

XXVI.--St. John's Macaque Macacus sancti-johannis. XXVII.--White-crowned Mangabey Cercocebus æthiops. XXVIII.--Green Guenon Cercopithecus callitrichus. XXIX.--Boutourlini's Guenon Cercopithecus boutourlinii. XXX.--Erxleben's Guenon Cercopithecus grayi. XXXI.--De Brazza's Guenon Cercopithecus brazzæ. XXXII.--Talapoin Cercopithecus talapoin. XXXIII.--Bay Guereza Colobus ferrugineus. XXXIV.--White-tailed Guereza Colobus caudatus. XXXV.--Hose's Langur Semnopithecus hosii. XXXVI.--Everett's Langur Semnopithecus everetti. XXXVII.--Proboscis Monkey Nasalis larvatus. XXXVIII.--Siamang Gibbon Hylobates syndactylus. XXXIX.--Orang-utan Simia satyrus. XL.--Gorilla Gorilla gorilla. XLI.--Bald Chimpanzee Anthropopithecus calvus. XLII.--MAP I. Showing the distribution of Living and Fossil Lemuroidea. XLIII.--MAP II. Showing the distribution of the Family Tarsiidæ, and of the Sub-family Galaginæ of the Lemuridæ. XLIV.--MAP III. Showing the distribution of the Family Chiromyidæ, and of the Sub-families Lemurinæ and Indrisinæ, and of the Sub-family Lorisinæ of the Lemuridæ. XLV.--MAP IV. Showing the distribution of Living and Fossil Anthropoidea. XLVI.--MAP V. Showing the distribution of the Families Hapalidæ and Cebidæ. XLVII.--MAP VI. Showing the distribution of the Genera Papio, Theropithecus, Cynopithecus, Cercocebus, Cercopithecus, and Macasus. XLVIII.--MAP VII. Showing the distribution of the Genera Semnopithecus, Nasalis, and Colobus. XLIX.--MAP VIII. Showing the distribution of the Genera Hylobates, Simia, Gorilla, and Anthropopithecus.

{1}ORDER PRIMATES.

THE BABOONS, MANGABEYS, AND MACAQUES

(Continued).

THE MACAQUES. GENUS MACACUS.

Macacus, Lacép., Mem. de l'Inst., iii., p. 450 (1801).

This genus embraces a large number of species which are characterised by having a thick-set body and short stout limbs, with the thumb set backward. The muzzle is considerably produced and rounded, but the nose does not extend as far out as the plane of the upper lip; the nostrils open in advance of its termination, and are directed obliquely outwards and downwards; their cheek-pouches are large, and their lips thick and protrusile; their eyes are approximated, and look out from below thick and prominent superciliary ridges; their ears are naked and applied flatly to the sides of the head and their hind upper angle is pointed; their callosities, which extend with age, are often surrounded by a portion of the buttocks, which is always nude. The tail is long, short, tufted, or reduced to a mere tubercle, and it may be quite invisible externally. Some have the hair of the head long, and radiating in all directions; others have the face encircled by a kind of mane. In some northern forms, the whole body is covered with a woolly fur, as a protection against cold.

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