wunder beta📊What a p-value actually tells you
Interpret p-values through null models, tails, alpha, effect size, uncertainty, and study design.
What you’ll learn
- Define the question
- Read the tail
- Connect statistic and tail
- Use alpha
- Avoid the classic errors
- Check the design
- Report transparently
- Synthesize the idea
Questions this course answers
What does a p-value condition on?
The p-value is calculated under the null model.
What does a p-value below alpha usually lead to?
The decision rule compares p with alpha; it does not establish effect size or truth probability.
What is wrong with saying a large p-value proves no effect?
Failure to reject can reflect limited information rather than proof of equality.
Which result should accompany a p-value when available?
Magnitude and uncertainty answer questions the p-value does not.
Why inspect study design before trusting software output?
A numerical p-value depends on the model and data-collection design.
Grounded in trusted sources
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