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📘 Start with the normal line

Snell's law predicts how a light ray changes direction at a boundary between two materials. Begin by drawing the interface and a normal line, which is perpendicular to that interface at the point of incidence. Measure both angles from the n

4
lessons
~20 min
to learn
Adults
level
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What you’ll learn

  1. Setup
  2. Equation
  3. Direction
  4. Limits

Questions this course answers

From which line should both angles be measured?

Snell's law uses angles measured from the perpendicular normal.

Which quantity pairs with n2 in the equation?

n2 and theta2 describe the second medium together.

What happens entering a higher-index material?

The ray slows and its refracted angle becomes smaller.

What occurs beyond the critical angle?

No transmitted angle satisfies Snell's law, so the light reflects internally.

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