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📘 Inside Bandung, twenty-nine states ask for room to choose

Imagine a crowded room in Bandung's Gedung Merdeka, with delegates from Asia and Africa facing a question: how could new states protect sovereignty without being absorbed?

3
lessons
~15 min
to learn
Adults
level
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What you’ll learn

  1. A new diplomatic vocabularyExplain how decolonization produced a demand for diplomatic autonomy during the Cold War.Bandung connected sovereignty, anti-colonialism, and peaceful coexistence in a shared political vocabulary.
  2. Autonomy meets dependenceEvaluate how a diverse movement pursued autonomy while relying on outside resources.Belgrade formalized a coalition whose members sought room to choose, even as aid and arms created leverage.
  3. A coalition tested after its foundingAssess how war, ideological disagreement, and the end of bipolar rivalry tested non-alignment.The movement could coordinate principles and bargaining while remaining divided over crises and its post-Cold War purpose.

Questions this course answers

What did non-alignment primarily seek to protect?

Non-alignment was a strategy for preserving sovereignty and room for independent decisions, even when members accepted outside aid or took positions in conflicts.

Why was the Bandung Conference important?

Bandung supplied shared principles and a political platform; it did not create a unified military or ideological bloc.

Why could a non-aligned state still become dependent on a superpower?

Formal independence and practical dependence could coexist, which is why non-alignment was a difficult bargaining strategy rather than a simple status label.

Put these milestones in chronological order.

Bandung took place in 1955, Belgrade in 1961, Havana in 1979, and the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991.

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