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📘 Dissolved salt travels with the water

A clear glass of seawater can contain many dissolved ions even though no grains are visible.

3
lessons
~15 min
to learn
Adults
level
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What you’ll learn

  1. Osmosis and pressureDistinguish dissolved salts from particles and explain natural osmosis plus reverse pressure.RO targets dissolved solids by applying pressure that overcomes osmotic back pressure.
  2. Membrane and streamsDescribe selective membrane layers, spiral modules, and permeate versus concentrate.A thin active layer and compact geometry split feed into cleaner permeate and saltier concentrate.
  3. Plant operationConnect pretreatment, fouling control, and concentrate management to stable RO operation.Protecting the membrane and handling reject streams are part of purification, not afterthoughts.

Questions this course answers

What drives water across an RO membrane?

Applied pressure must overcome osmotic back pressure and membrane resistance.

What is permeate?

Permeate is the portion of feed that crosses the membrane.

Why is concentrate saltier than the feed?

Rejected solutes remain in the shrinking water stream.

Why is pretreatment used?

Pretreatment protects the membrane and supports stable operation.

What does recovery measure?

Recovery is permeate flow divided by feed flow.

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