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📘 A leaf is a chemical workshop

A leaf looks thin and quiet, but its living cells are busy collecting materials and moving energy.

3
lessons
~15 min
to learn
Adults
level
Start the course →

What you’ll learn

  1. Capturing lightExplain chloroplast structure, photon capture, and oxygen release from water.Light reactions in thylakoid membranes split water and energize carriers.
  2. Powering fixationConnect stomatal gas exchange to Rubisco and the Calvin cycle.Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and is fixed into organic molecules in the stroma.
  3. Sugar and exportFollow G3P into sugars, starch, and phloem transport.Fixed carbon becomes transport sugars and structural material for the whole plant.

Questions this course answers

Where do the light-dependent reactions occur?

The light reactions use pigments and electron-transfer proteins embedded in thylakoid membranes.

Which substance supplies the oxygen released during photosynthesis?

Photosystem II splits water; its electrons replace those lost by chlorophyll and its oxygen atoms form O2.

Why are stomata important to photosynthesis?

Stomata are adjustable pores that provide a route for carbon dioxide to enter the leaf's internal air spaces.

What do ATP and NADPH do after the light reactions?

ATP provides energy and NADPH provides high-energy electrons for carbon-fixation reactions.

What is carbon fixation?

Rubisco begins the Calvin cycle by attaching atmospheric CO2 to RuBP, placing inorganic carbon into an organic compound.

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