Part 8

Found in still and shallow water from June to September.

The leaves and flowers, on their long, smooth stems, rise to the surface of the water from the submerged root.

The leaf is large (from 6 to 12 inches in length), of a long oval shape, heart-shaped at the base, and blunt-pointed at the tip, with an entire margin; its fibre is tough and leathery, and its surface exceedingly smooth and shining. Its color is a strong light green, lighter underneath. The stem is large and half-cylindrical; the leaf floats on the water, or rises above it.

The large flower is almost spherical in form, with 6 large, rounded, concave, petal-like parts, somewhat unequal in size; the 3 smaller parts are green without, and a dull reddish-orange color within; the other 3 larger parts are yellow, with small green patches at the base. The large pistil is marked on the top with a 12- or 24-pointed star, the rays of which are yellow on an orange-red ground. The stamens are many, like loops of yellow ribbon which curl back and almost entirely fill the hollow flower-cup. The stem is large, round, and green, and the flower rises above the level of the water.

A flower of primitive type; the combination of yellow and red in the star design of the pistil is suggestive of Egyptian color and design. The half-round leaf-stem with its flat grooved side is an unusual variation on the common form.

*Pond-Lily.* Nymphæa odorata. *Water Nymph.*

Found in still, clear water in July.

The flowers and leaves rise to the water’s level from the submerged root.

The large leaf (4 or more inches long) is nearly round,--swinging out from the true circle at its heart-shaped base into two little points; its margin is entire; the ribs scarcely show on the upper side, radiating in faint lines from a heart-shaped figure outlined on the base of the leaf, but they are strongly marked on the under side; the surface is smooth and shining, and the texture is fine and firm. The color is a dark strong green above, and a fine coppery-red beneath. The leaf floats flat upon the surface of the water, anchored to the root by a long, elastic, round, red stem.

The many petals of the large flower are long, narrow, pointed, and hollowed like a shallow canoe; of a close, firm texture, and usually a pure brilliant white color. The numerous stamens are a pure cadmium-yellow. The 4 calyx-parts are shaped like the petals, dull green on the outside, and often tinged with pink on the edges and inside. The flower on the top of its long red stem floats on the water.

The fragrant Water Nymph is said to open at sunrise, closing about ten o’clock in the morning, and remaining shut during the heat of the day to open again later. The contrast of its brilliant white with the heart of gold is beautiful, with a charm which is partly lost when plucked,--it is seen to its best advantage floating in the midst of its green pads. The decorative design on the leaf is faintly marked and can only be discovered by close inspection; the color of its lower surface is fine. Sometimes the petals are pink-tinted.

PITCHER PLANTS.

SARRACENIACEÆ.

*Pitcher Plant.* Sarracenia purpurea. *Huntsman’s Cup.* *Side-Saddle Flower.*

Found in swamps in early June.

The leaves and flower-stems grow directly from the root.

The curious leaf is in the form of a deep cup or pitcher, with a broad wing on one side, and a flaring top which answers to the lip of the pitcher; the outer surface is smooth while the inner surface is set with many short, downward-pointing bristles; the texture, especially of the old pitchers, is tough and leathery, and the color is a strong green more or less veined with dark red. A number of leaf-cups grow in a cluster close to the ground.

The large flower has 5 long dull red petals rounded at the ends, and folded over the large umbrella-like top of the pistil; beneath this spreading green top is the large seed-case encircled by the many yellow stamens; the 5 spreading parts of the calyx are thick and leathery, of a dull reddish-brown on the outside, and green on the inside, with the brown striking through in places. A single nodding flower grows on the top of a long, smooth, light green stem.

The pitchers are often found half filled with water, and sometimes contain the remains of small insects upon which the plant is said to feed. There is no apparent resemblance to a “side-saddle” in the flower unless it lies in the leathery texture of its parts. It might fittingly be called “the Russia-leather flower.”

POPPY FAMILY.

PAPAVERACEÆ.

*Bloodroot.* Sanguinaria Canadensis.

Found in April on sunny slopes and meadow-borders.

The leaf and flower rise from the root on short stems, from 3 to 6 inches high.

The large leaf (from 4 to 6 inches wide when fully grown) is rounding in shape, with a heart-shaped base, and irregularly cut into 5 or 7 lobes; the ribs are strong, the texture is close and fine--rather thick,--and the surface is smooth. The color is a cool green, silvery underneath, the short stem and the ribs being reddish. The single leaf grows from the root on a thick juicy stem.

The flower petals, usually 8, but sometimes 12 in number, spread in a square shape; they are long, narrow, and tapering at both ends (4 being slightly broader than the other 4), fine in texture, and of a brilliant white; the stamens are many, orange-yellow or golden, and the single large pale yellow pistil is grooved through the middle; the 2-parted pale greenish calyx falls as the blossom expands. The flower-stem is smooth, round, large, and pale green tinged with red.

The Bloodroot makes a wise provision against the inclement season in which it blooms, and comes up from the ground wrapped closely in its circular leaf-cloak, pushing its bud through the top to open in the sunlight. The leaf slowly unrolls itself and stands, large and broad, close to the ground,--in general effect it is suggestive of a grape leaf. The root is charged with a dark orange-red acrid juice which gives the plant its folk-name. To this plentiful rich color, no doubt, the brilliant quality of the white blossom is due.

*Celandine.* Chelidonium majus.