Part 54

Found in moist meadows, and by brooks and runnels, flowering in June and July.

The large, somewhat square stalk, from 9 to 20 inches in height, is branching and leafy, rather roughish of surface, with short rootlets starting out on its sides, and light green. It supports itself upon surrounding vegetation.

The leaf, 2 or 3 inches long, is oval with a blunt tip, and partly clasping the stalk; its surface roughened with fine hairs, and it is light green in color.

The small 5-lobed flower is about a quarter of an inch across; its corolla is very fine and even in texture, in color light blue (occasionally pink) with a center of harmonious yellow; the calyx is small, 5-parted, and green. The buds are pinkish. The flowers grow in curving, one-sided, terminal clusters,--sometimes from the angles of the upper leaves.

This is one of the few true blue flowers of our flora; its color is pure and opaque, like that of a turquoise, or a fine enamel, and falls into harmony with the yellow of the center through an exquisite gradation of color. The plant remains in flower a long time, continually forming new buds, and leaving behind the little empty green calyx-cups on its ever-lengthening stem. The blossom of the wild plant is larger than that usually cultivated in the gardens; it is easily propagated by means of cuttings.

*Blue Weed.* Echium vulgare. *Viper’s Bugloss.* *Blue Thistle (Vt.).*

Found in July, in pastures chiefly, though occasionally straying along country roads.

The stalk, from 3 to 4 or 5 feet in height, is large, and strong; it is branching with short stems which diminish as they near the top; the fibre is coarse, it is roughened with hairs, and its light green color is frequently dotted with rusty-purple freckles.

The lower leaves are very long and narrow, occasionally cut or rudely notched on the edge, while the pointed upper leaves are entire; the texture is coarse, and rough to the touch; the color is green. The arrangement is alternate.

The flower is an irregular vase-shape, spreading into 5 rounding divisions of unequal length, with a very small, green, 5-parted calyx; the corolla is a bright deep blue, the 4 stamens and the pistil are rose-colored. Several flowers are set in a single row along the upper side of a short stem, which is coiled tightly at first, but straightens itself as the rose-colored buds expand. Many of these stems form a large and conspicuous terminal spike; and singly grow from the upper branches.

It is a pity this striking plant should have invaded the farmers’ pastures in such bold colonies as to be reckoned by him a pest, and so uprooted, for absolute blue flowers are rare. It deserves especial regard because of its unusual color combination of ultramarine and rose. The “spotted stem made men once think it efficacious for cure of viper’s bites, and its seeds, shaped like a viper’s head, confirmed the notion.”

CONVOLVULUS FAMILY.

CONVOLVULACEÆ.

*Upright Convolvulus.* Convolvulus spithamæus.

Found in June, growing on dry and sandy places, in the open.

The stalk is seldom over 10 inches in height, single, leafy, and erect; it is round, and downy with small hairs. Pale green in color, but red near the foot.

The leaf is between 1 and 2 inches in length, oblong, with taper tip, and a narrow heart-shaped base; it is folded slightly on the midrib; all the ribs show plainly, the margin is entire, and the surface is roughened by hairs; in color a full green, somewhat lighter underneath, with a pinkish tint along the edge and the midrib. It is set on a short, downy, reddish stem. The arrangement is alternate.

The flower is large; the corolla a beautiful vase shape with a rolling, slightly 5-angled rim, in texture fine and thin, the outside of the throat shining; within the vase, at the bottom, may be seen 5 deep pits; it is of a pure and exquisite white, toned to creamy-green near the calyx; the 5 stamens are cream colored while the 2-tipped pistil is white. The greenish calyx is 5-parted with small pointed divisions which are almost concealed by the 2 longer, pale green bracts that clasp together closely about its throat. The flower is set on a rather large, flat, downy, pale stem which rises from the angle of a leaf. The plant bears but few flowers.

Far less common than the Bindweed this flower must be reckoned a treasure-trove by its finder. Its texture is so thin that the calyx-color glows within the throat of the vase with a golden green effulgence.

*Hedge Bindweed.* Convolvulus sepium.

Blossoming along the roadside and in the meadow in June and July.

This twining leafy vine, climbing over low shrubbery, has a round, smooth, light green stem.

The broad arrow-shaped leaf is from 2 to 3 inches in length, tapering at the tip, and set on a long foot-stem; the surface is smooth, and the color a grayish-green.

The large funnel-shaped flower is about 2 inches broad and from 2 to 3 inches long; the spreading top is obscurely 5-sided, and singularly fine and delicate in texture, and of a pale shell-pink or white color; the stamens and a 2-divided white pistil are visible within the tube; the 5 pale-green parts of the calyx are nearly enfolded by two larger shell-shaped bracts.

The Bindweed blossoms luxuriantly along the edge of cultivated grounds, and often runs in among the crops to such an extent as to be deemed a pest by the farmer. Though it is the flower of the morning, on cool gray days it frequently remains in bloom late Into the afternoon.

*Dodder.* Cuscuta Gronovii.

Blossoming from August to October in low, damp, and shady ground.

A parasite, climbing high on other plants by winding its smooth, round, bright orange stems closely about their stalks, and growing to them by many sharp little suckers.