Part 7

AÏdemp¶tion (?), n. [L. ademptio, fr. adimere, ademptum, to take away; ad + emere to buy, orig. to take.] (Law) The revocation or taking away of a grant donation, legacy, or the like. Bouvier. AdenÏ or AdenoÏ. [Gr. ?, ?, gland.] Combining forms of the Greek word for gland; - used in words relating to the structure, diseases, etc., of the glands. Ø Ad·eÏnal¶giÏa (?), Ad¶eÏnal·gy (?), } n. [Gr. ? + ? pain.] (Med.) Pain in a gland. AÏden¶iÏform (?), a. [AdenÏ + Ïform.] Shaped like a gland; adenoid. Dunglison. Ø Ad·eÏni¶tis (?), n. [AdenÏ + Ïitis.] (Med.) Glandular inflammation. Dunglison. Ad·eÏnoÏgraph¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to adenography. Ad·eÏnog¶raÏphy (?), n. [AdenoÏ + Ïgraphy.] That part of anatomy which describes the glands. Ad¶eÏnoid (?), Ad·eÏnoid¶al (?) } a. Glandlike; glandular. Ad·eÏnoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to adenology. Ad·eÏnol¶oÏgy (?), n. [AdenoÏ + Ïlogy.] The part of physiology that treats of the glands. Ad·eÏnoph¶oÏrous (?), a. [AdenoÏ + Gr. ? bearing.] (Bot.) Producing glands. Ad·eÏnoph¶ylÏlous (?), a. [AdenoÏ + Gr. ? leaf.] (Bot.) Having glands on the leaves. Ad¶eÏnose· (?; 277), a. Like a gland; full of glands; glandulous; adenous. Ad·eÏnoÏtom¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to adenotomy. Ad·eÏnot¶oÏmy (?), n. [AdenoÏ + Gr. ? a cutting, ? to cut.] (Anat.) Dissection of, or incision into, a gland or glands. Ad¶eÏnous (?), a. Same as Adenose. Ø Ad¶eps (?), n. [L.] Animal fat; lard. AÏdept¶ (?), n. [L. adeptus obtained (sc. artem), ?he who has obtained an art, p. p. of adipsci to arrive ?at, to obtain; ad + apisci to pursue. See Apt, and cf. Adapt.] One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient; as, adepts in philosophy. AÏdept¶, a. Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient. Beaus adept in everything profound. Cowper. AÏdep¶tion (?), n. [L. adeptio. See Adept, a.] An obtaining; attainment. [Obs.] In the wit and policy of the capitain consisteth the chief adeption of the victory. Grafton. AÏdept¶ist, n. A skilled alchemist. [Obs.]

AÏdept¶ness, n. The quality of being adept; skill.

Ad¶eÏquaÏcy (?), n. [See Adequate.] The state or quality of being adequate, proportionate, or sufficient; a sufficiency for a particular purpose; as, the adequacy of supply to the expenditure. Ad¶eÏquate (?), a. [L. adaequatus, p. p. of adaequare to make equal to; ad + aequare to make equal, aequus equal. See Equal.] Equal to some requirement; proportionate, or correspondent; fully sufficient; as, powers adequate to a great work; an adequate definition. Ireland had no adequate champion. De Quincey. Syn. Ð Proportionate; commensurate; sufficient; suitable; competent; capable. Ad¶eÏquate (?), v. t. [See Adequate, a.] 1. To equalize; to make adequate. [R.] Fotherby. 2. To equal. [Obs.] It an impossibility for any creature to adequate God in his eternity. Shelford. Ad¶eÏquateÏly (?), adv. In an adequate manner. Ad¶eÏquateÏness, n. The quality of being adequate; suitableness; sufficiency; adequacy. Ad·eÏqua¶tion (?), n. [L. adaequatio.] The act of equalizing; act or result of making adequate; an equivalent. [Obs.] Bp. Barlow. AÏdes¶my (?), n. [Gr. ? unfettered; ? priv. + ? a fetter.] (Bot.) The division or defective coherence of an organ that is usually entire. AdÏes·seÏna¶riÏan (?), n. [Formed fr. L. adesse to be present; ad + esse to be.] (Eccl. Hist.) One who held the real presence of Christ's body in the eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. AdÏfect¶ed (?), a. [L. adfectus or affectus. See Affect, v.] (Alg.) See Affected, 5. AdÏfil¶iÏa·ted (?), a. See Affiliated. [Obs.] AdÏfil·iÏa¶tion (?), n. See Affiliation. [Obs.] AdÏflux¶ion (?), n. See Affluxion. AdÏha¶mant (?), a. [From L. adhamare to catch; ad + hamus hook.] Clinging, as by hooks. AdÏhere¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adhered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adhering (?).] [L. adhaerere, adhaesum; ad + haerere to stick: cf. F. adh‚rer. See Aghast.] 1. To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united; as, wax to the finger; the lungs sometimes adhere to the pleura. 2. To hold, be attached, or devoted; to remain fixed, either by personal union or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion; as, men adhere to a party, a cause, a leader, a church. 3. To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree. ½Nor time nor place did then adhere.¸ Every thing adheres together.¸ Shak. Syn. Ð To attach; stick; cleave; cling; hold AdÏher¶ence (?), n. [Cf. F. adh‚rence, LL. adhaerentia.] 1. The quality or state of adhering. 2. The state of being fixed in attachment; fidelity; steady attachment; adhesion; as, adherence to a party or to opinions. Syn. Ð Adherence, Adhesion. These words, which were once freely interchanged, are now almost entirely separated. Adherence is no longer used to denote physical union, but is applied, to mental states or habits; as, a strict adherence to one's duty; close adherence to the argument, etc. Adhesion is now confined chiefly to the physical sense, except in the phrase ½To give in one's adhesion to a cause or a party.¸ AdÏher¶enÏcy (?), n. 1. The state or quality of being adherent; adherence. [R.] 2. That which adheres. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. AdÏher¶ent (?), a. [L. adhaerens, Ïentis, p. pr.: cf. F. adh‚rent.] 1. Sticking; clinging; adhering. Pope. 2. Attached as an attribute or circumstance. 3. (Bot.) Congenitally united with an organ of another kind, as calyx with ovary, or stamens with petals. AdÏher¶ent, n. 1. One who adheres; one who adheres; one who follows a leader, party, or profession; a follower, or partisan; a believer in a particular faith or church. 2. That which adheres; an appendage. [R.] Milton. Syn. Ð Follower; partisan; upholder; disciple; supporter; dependent; ally; backer. AdÏher¶entÏly, adv. In an adherent manner. AdÏher¶er (?), n. One who adheres; an adherent. AdÏhe¶sion (?), n. [L. adhaesio, fr. adhaerere: cf. F. adh‚sion.] 1. The action of sticking; the state of being attached; intimate union; as the adhesion of glue, or of parts united by growth, cement, or the like. 2. Adherence; steady or firm attachment; fidelity; as, to error, to a policy. His adhesion to the Tories was bounded by his approbation of their foreign policy. De Quincey. 3. Agreement to adhere; concurrence; assent. To that treaty Spain and England gave in their adhesion. Macaulay. 4. (Physics) The molecular attraction exerted between bodies in contact. See Cohesion. 5. (Med.) Union of surface, normally separate, by the formation of new tissue resulting from an inflammatory process. 6. (Bot.) The union of parts which are separate in other plants, or in younger states of the same plant. Syn. Ð Adherence; union. See Adherence. AdÏhe¶sive (?), a. [Cf. F. adh‚sif.] 1. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances. 2. Apt or tending to adhere; clinging. Thomson. Adhesive attraction. (Physics) See Attraction. Ð Adhesive inflammation (Surg.), that kind of inflammation which terminates in the reunion of divided parts without suppuration. - Adhesive plaster, a sticking; a plaster containing resin, wax, litharge, and olive oil. AdÏhe¶siveÏly, adv. In an adhesive manner. AdÏhe¶siveÏness, n. 1. The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union. 2. (Phren.) Propensity to form and maintain attachments to persons, and to promote social intercourse. AdÏhib¶it (?), v. t. [L. adhibitus, p. p. of adhibere to hold to; ad + habere to have.] 1. To admit, as a person or thing; to take in. Muirhead. 2. To use or apply; to administer. Camden. 3. To attach; to affix. Alison. Ad·hiÏbi¶tion (?), n. [L. adhibitio.] The act of adhibiting; application; use. Whitaker. Ø Ad hom¶iÏnem (?). [L., to the man.] A phrase applied to an appeal or argument addressed to the principles, interests, or passions of a man. AdÏhort¶ (?), v. t. [L. adhortari. See Adhortation.] To exhort; to advise. [Obs.] Feltham. Ad·horÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. adhortatio, fr. adhortari to advise; ad + hortari to exhort.] Advice; exhortation. [Obs.] Peacham. AdÏhor¶taÏtoÏry (?), a. Containing counsel or warning; hortatory; advisory. [Obs.] Potter. Ad·iÏaÏbat¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? not passable; ? priv. + ? through + ? to go.] (Physics) Not giving out or receiving heat. - Ad·iÏaÏbat·icÏalÏly, adv. ÷ line or curve, a curve exhibiting the variations of pressure and volume of a fluid when it expands without either receiving or giving out heat. Rankine. Ad·iÏacÏtin¶ic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + diactinic.] (Chem.) Not transmitting the actinic rays. Ø Ad·iÏan¶tum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?, maidenhair; ? priv. + ? to wet.] (Bot.) A genus of ferns, the leaves of which shed water; maidenhair. Also, the black maidenhair, a species of spleenwort. Ad·iÏaph¶oÏrism (?), n. Religious indifference. Ad·iÏaph¶oÏrist (?), n. [See Adiaphorous.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of the German Protestants who, with Melanchthon, held some opinions and ceremonies to be indifferent or nonessential, which Luther condemned as sinful or heretical. Murdock. Ad·iÏaph·oÏris¶tic (?), a. Pertaining to matters indifferent in faith and practice. Shipley. Ad·iÏaph¶oÏrite (?), n. Same as Adiaphorist. Ad·iÏaph¶oÏrous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? different; ? through + ? to bear.] 1. Indifferent or neutral. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Med.) Incapable of doing either harm or good, as some medicines. Dunglison. Ad·iÏaph¶oÏry, n. [Gr. ?.] Indifference. [Obs.] Ad·iÏaÏther¶mic (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? through + ?heat.] Not pervious to heat.

AÏdieu¶ (?), interj. & adv. [OE. also adew, adewe, adue, F. ? dieu, fr. L. ad to + deus God.] Good-by; farewell; an expression of kind wishes at parting.

AÏdieu¶, n.; pl. Adieus (?). A farewell; commendation to the care of God at parting. Shak. AÏdight¶ (?), v. t. [p. p. Adight.] [Pref. aÏ (intensive) + OE. dihten. See Dight.] To set in order; to array; to attire; to deck, to dress. [Obs.] Ø Ad in·fiÏni¶tum (?).[L., to infinity.] Without limit; endlessly. Ø Ad in¶terÏim (?)[L.] Meanwhile; temporary. Ad·eÏpes¶cent (?), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + Ïescent.] Becoming fatty. AÏdip¶ic (?), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, fatty or oily substances; - applied to certain acids obtained from fats by the action of nitric acid. <ÐÐ 2. adipic acid. a dicarboxylic acid containing six carbon atoms in a linear chain ÐÐ> Ad·iÏpoc¶erÏate (?), v. t. To convert adipocere. Ad·iÏpoc·erÏa¶tion (?), n. The act or process of changing into adipocere. Ad¶iÏpoÏcere· (?), n. [L. adeps, adipis, fat + cera wax: cf. F. adipocere.] A soft, unctuous, or waxy substance, of a light brown color, into which the fat and muscle tissue of dead bodies sometimes are converted, by long immersion in water or by burial in moist places. It is a result of fatty degeneration. Ad·iÏpoÏcer¶iÏform (?), a. [Adipocere + Ïform.] Having the form or appearance of adipocere; as, an adipoceriform tumor. Ad·iÏpoc¶erÏous (?), a. Like adipocere. Ad¶iÏpose· (?; 277), a. [L. adeps, adipis, fat, grease.] Of or pertaining to animal fat; fatty. Adipose fin (Zo”l.), a soft boneless fin. Ð Adipose tissue (Anat.), that form of animal tissue which forms or contains fat. Ad¶iÏpose·ness (?), Ad·iÏpos¶iÏty (?), } n. The state of being fat; fatness. Ad¶iÏpous (?), a. Fatty; adipose. [R.] AÏdip¶sous (?), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ?, thirst.] Quenching thirst, as certain fruits. Ad¶ipÏsy (?), n. [Gr. ? not thirsty; ? priv. + ? thirst.] (Med.) Absence of thirst. Ad¶it (?), n. [L. aditus, fr. adire, ?aitum, to go to; ad + ire to go.] 1. An entrance or passage. Specifically: The nearly horizontal opening by which a mine is entered, or by which water and ores are carried away; - called also drift and tunnel. 2. Admission; approach; access. [R.] Yourself and yours shall have Free adit. Tennyson. Ad¶ja¶cence (?), AdÏja¶cenÏcy (?), } [Cf. LL. adjacentia.] 1. The state of being adjacent or contiguous; contiguity; as, the adjacency of lands or buildings. 2. That which is adjacent.[R.] Sir T. Browne. AdÏja¶cent (?), a. [L. adjacens, Ïcentis, p. pr. of adjacere to lie near; ad + jac?re to lie: cf. F. adjacent.] Lying near, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on; as, a field adjacent to the highway. ½The adjacent forest.¸ B. Jonson. Adjacent or contiguous angle. (Geom.) See Angle. Syn. - Adjoining; contiguous; near. - Adjacent, Adjoining, Contiguous. Things are adjacent when they lie close each other, not necessary in actual contact; as, adjacent fields, adjacent villages, etc. I find that all Europe with her adjacent isles is peopled with Christians. Howell. Things are adjoining when they meet at some line or point of junction; as, adjoining farms, an adjoining highway. What is spoken of as contiguous should touch with some extent of one side or the whole of it; as, a row of contiguous buildings; a wood contiguous to a plain. AdÏja¶cent, n. That which is adjacent. [R.] Locke. AdÏja¶centÏly, adv. So as to be adjacent. AdÏject¶ (?), v. t. [L. adjectus, p. p. of adjicere to throw to, to add to; ad + ac?re to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] To add or annex; to join. Leland. AdÏjec¶tion (?), n. [L. adjectio, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjection. See Adject.] The act or mode of adding; also, the thing added. [R.] B. Jonson. AdÏjec¶tionÏal (?), a. Pertaining to adjection; that is, or may be, annexed. [R.] Earle. Ad·jecÏti¶tious (?), [L. adjectitius.] Added; additional. Parkhurst. Ad·jecÏti¶val (?), a. Of or relating to the relating to the adjective; of the nature of an adjective; adjective. W. Taylor (1797) Ad·jecÏti¶valÏly, adv. As, or in the manner of, an adjective; adjectively. Ad¶jecÏtive (?), a. [See Adjective, n.] 1. Added to a substantive as an attribute; of the nature of an adjunct; as, an word sentence. 2. Not standing by itself; dependent. Adjective color, a color which requires to be fixed by some mordant or base to give it permanency. 3. Relating to procedure. ½The whole English law, substantive and adjective.¸ Macaulay. Ad¶jecÏtive, n. [L. adjectivum (sc. nomen), neut. of adjectivus that is added, fr. adjicere: cf. F. adjectif. See Adject.] 1. (Gram.) A word used with a noun, or substantive, to express a quality of the thing named, or something attributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or describe a thing, as distinct from something else. Thus, in phrase, ½a wise ruler,¸ wise is the adjective, expressing a property of ruler. 2. A dependent; an accessory. Fuller.

Ad¶jecÏtive, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjectived (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjectiving (?).] To make an adjective of; to form or change into an adjective. [R.] Language has as much occasion to adjective the distinct signification of the verb, and to adjective also the mood, as it has to adjective time. It has... adjectived all three. Tooke. Ad¶jecÏtiveÏly, adv. In the manner of an adjective; as, a word used adjectively. AdÏjoin¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjoined (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjoining.] [OE. ajoinen, OF. ajoindre, F. adjoindre, fr. L. adjungere; ad + jungere to join. See Join, and cf. Adjunct.] To join or unite to; to lie contiguous to; to be in contact with; to attach; to append. Corrections... should be, as remarks, adjoined by way of note. Watts.

<p. 22> AdÏjoin¶ (?), v. i. 1. To lie or be next, or in contact; to be contiguous; as, the houses adjoin. When one man's land adjoins to another's. Blackstone. µ The construction with to, on, or with is obsolete or obsolescent. 2. To join one's self. [Obs.] She lightly unto him adjoined side to side. Spenser. AdÏjoin¶ant (?), a. Contiguous. [Obs.] Carew. AdÏjoin¶ing, a. Joining to; contiguous; adjacent; as, an adjoining room. ½The adjoining fane.¸ Dryden. Upon the hills adjoining to the city. Shak. Syn. Ð Adjacent; contiguous; near; neighboring; abutting; bordering. See Adjacent. Ad¶joint (?), n. An adjunct; a helper. [Obs.] AdÏjourn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjourned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjourning (?).] [OE. ajornen, OF. ajoiner, ajurner, F. ajourner; OF. a (L. ad) + jor, jur, jorn, F. jour, day, fr. L. diurnus belonging to the day, fr. dies day. Cf. Journal, Journey.] To put off or defer to another day, or indefinitely; to postpone; to close or suspend for the day; - commonly said of the meeting, or the action, of convened body; as, to adjourn the meeting; to adjourn a debate. It is a common practice to adjourn the reformation of their lives to a further time. Barrow. 'Tis a needful fitness That we adjourn this court till further day. Shak. Syn. - To delay; defer; postpone; put off; suspend. - To Adjourn, Prorogue, Dissolve. These words are used in respect to public bodies when they lay aside business and separate. Adjourn, both in Great Britain and this country, is applied to all cases in which such bodies separate for a brief period, with a view to meet again. Prorogue is applied in Great Britain to that act of the executive government, as the sovereign, which brings a session of Parliament to a close. The word is not used in this country, but a legislative body is said, in such a case, to adjourn sine die. To dissolve is to annul the corporate existence of a body. In order to exist again the body must be reconstituted. AdÏjourn¶, v. i.To suspend business for a time, as from one day to another, or for a longer period, or indefinitely; usually, to suspend public business, as of legislatures and courts, or other convened bodies; as, congress adjourned at four o'clock; the court adjourned without day. AdÏjourn¶al (?), n. Adjournment; postponement. [R.] ½An adjournal of the Diet.¸ Sir W. Scott. AdÏjourn¶ment (?), n. [Cf. f. adjournement, OF. ajornement. See Adjourn.] 1. The act of adjourning; the putting off till another day or time specified, or without day. 2.The time or interval during which a public body adjourns its sittings or postpones business. AdÏjudge¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudging (?).] [OE. ajugen, OF. ajugier, fr. L. adjudicare; ad + judicare to judge. See Judge, and cf. Adjudicate.] 1. To award judicially in the case of a controverted question; as, the prize was adjudged to the victor. 2. To determine in the exercise of judicial power; to decide or award judicially; to adjudicate; as, the case was adjudged in the November term. 3. To sentence; to condemn. Without reprieve, adjudged to death For want of well pronouncing Shibboleth. Milton. 4. To regard or hold; to judge; to deem. He adjudged him unworthy of his friendship. Knolles. Syn. - To decree; award; determine; adjudicate; ordain; assign. AdÏjudg¶er (?), n. One who adjudges. AdÏjudg¶ment (?), n. The act of adjudging; judicial decision; adjudication. Sir W. Temple. AdÏju¶diÏcate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjudicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjudicating (?)] [L. adjudicatus, p. p. of adjudicare. See Adjudge.] To adjudge; to try and determine, as a court; to settle by judicial decree. AdÏju¶diÏcate, v. i. To come to a judicial decision; as, the court adjudicated upon the case. AdÏju·diÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. adjudicatio: cf. F. adjudication.] 1. The act of adjudicating; the act or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A deliberate determination by the judicial power; a judicial decision or sentence. ½An adjudication in favor of natural rights.¸ Burke. 3. (Bankruptcy practice) The decision upon the question whether the debtor is a bankrupt. Abbott. 4. (Scots Law) A process by which land is attached security or in satisfaction of a debt. AdÏju¶diÏcaÏtive (?), a. Adjudicating. AdÏju¶diÏca·tor (?), n. One who adjudicates. AdÏju¶diÏcaÏture (?), n. Adjudication. Ad¶juÏgate (?), v. t. [L. adjugatus, p. p. of adjugare; ad + jugum a yoke.] To yoke to. [Obs.] Ad¶juÏment (?), n. [L. adjumentum, for adjuvamentum, fr. adjuvare to help; ad + juvare to help.] Help; support; also, a helper. [Obs.] Waterhouse. Ad¶junct· (?), a. [L. adjunctus, p. p. of adjungere. See Adjoin.] Conjoined; attending; consequent. Though that my death were adjunct to my act. Shak. ÷ notes (Mus.), short notes between those essential to the harmony; auxiliary notes; passing notes. Ad¶junct·, n. 1. Something joined or added to another thing, but not essentially a part of it. Learning is but an adjunct to our self. Shak. 2. A person joined to another in some duty or service; a colleague; an associate. Wotton. 3. (Gram.) A word or words added to quality or amplify the force of other words; as, the History of the American Revolution, where the words in italics are the adjunct or adjuncts of ½History.¸ 4. (Metaph.) A quality or property of the body or the mind, whether natural or acquired; as, color, in the body, judgment in the mind. 5. (Mus.) A key or scale closely related to another as principal; a relative or attendant key. [R.] See Attendant keys, under Attendant, a. AdÏjunc¶tion (?), n. [L. adjunctio, fr. adjungere: cf. F. adjonction, and see Adjunct.] The act of joining; the thing joined or added. AdÏjunc¶tive (?), a. [L. adjunctivus, fr. adjungere. See Adjunct.] Joining; having the quality of joining; forming an adjunct. AdÏjunc¶tive, n. One who, or that which, is joined. AdÏjunc¶tiveÏly, adv. In an adjunctive manner. AdÏjunct¶ly (?), adv. By way of addition or adjunct; in connection with. Ad·juÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. adjuratio, fr. adjurare: cf. F. adjuration. See Adjure.] 1. The act of adjuring; a solemn charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse; an earnest appeal. What an accusation could not effect, an adjuration shall. Bp. Hall. 2. The form of oath or appeal. Persons who... made use of prayer and adjurations. Addison. AdÏju¶raÏtoÏry (?), a. [L. adjuratorius.] Containing an adjuration. AdÏjure¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adjuring (?). [L. adjurare, adjurdium, to swear to; later, to adjure: cf. F. adjurer. See Jury.] To charge, bind, or command, solemnly, as if under oath, or under the penalty of a curse; to appeal to in the most solemn or impressive manner; to entreat earnestly. Joshua adjured them at that time, saying, Cursed be the man before the Lord, that riseth up and buildeth this city Jericho. Josh. vi. 26. The high priest... said... I adjure thee by the living God, that tell us whether thou be the Christ. Matt. xxvi. 63. The commissioners adjured them not to let pass so favorable an opportunity of securing their liberties. Marshall. AdÏjur¶er (?), n. One who adjures. AdÏjust¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adjusted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adjusting.] [OF. ajuster, ajoster (whence F. ajouter to add), LL. adjuxtare to fit; fr. L. ad + juxta near; confused later with L. ad and justus just, right, whence F. ajuster to adjust. See Just, v. t. and cf. Adjute.] 1. To make exact; to fit; to make correspondent or conformable; to bring into proper relations; as, to adjust a garment to the body, or things to a standard. 2. To put in order; to regulate, or reduce to system. Adjusting the orthography. Johnson. 3. To settle or bring to a satisfactory state, so that parties are agreed in the result; as, to adjust accounts; the differences are adjusted. 4. To bring to a true relative position, as the parts of an instrument; to regulate for use; as, to adjust a telescope or microscope. Syn. - To adapt; suit; arrange; regulate; accommodate; set right; rectify; settle. AdÏjust¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being adjusted. AdÏjust¶age (?), n. [Cf. Ajutage.] Adjustment. [R.] AdÏjust¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, adjusts. AdÏjust¶ive (?), a. Tending to adjust. [R.] AdÏjust¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. ajustement. See Adjust.] 1. The act of adjusting, or condition of being adjusted; act of bringing into proper relations; regulation. Success depends on the nicest and minutest adjustment of the parts concerned. Paley. 2. (Law) Settlement of claims; an equitable arrangement of conflicting claims, as in set-off, contribution, exoneration, subrogation, and marshaling. Bispham. 3. The operation of bringing all the parts of an instrument, as a microscope or telescope, into their proper relative position for use; the condition of being thus adjusted; as, to get a good adjustment; to be in or out of adjustment. Syn. - Suiting; fitting; arrangement; regulation; settlement; adaptation; disposition. Ad¶juÏtage (?), n. Same as Ajutage. Ad¶juÏtanÏcy (?), n. [See Adjutant.] 1. The office of an adjutant. 2. Skillful arrangement in aid; assistance. It was, no doubt, disposed with all the adjutancy of definition and division. Burke. Ad¶juÏtant (?), n. [L. adjutans, p. pr. of adjutare to help. See Aid.] 1. A helper; an assistant. 2. (Mil.) A regimental staff officer, who assists the colonel, or commanding officer of a garrison or regiment, in the details of regimental and garrison duty. ÷ general (a) (Mil.), the principal staff officer of an army, through whom the commanding general receives communications and issues military orders. In the U. S. army he is brigadier general. (b) (Among the Jesuits), one of a select number of fathers, who resided with the general of the order, each of whom had a province or country assigned to his care. 3. (Zo”l.) A species of very large stork (Ciconia argala), a native of India; - called also the gigantic crane, and by the native name argala. It is noted for its serpent-destroying habits. Ad¶juÏta·tor (?), n. (Eng. Hist.) A corruption of Agitator. AdÏjute¶ (?), v. t. [F. ajouter; confused with L. adjutare.] To add. [Obs.] AdÏju¶tor (?), n. [L., fr. adjuvare. See Aid.] A helper or assistant. [Archaic] Drayton. AdÏju¶toÏry (?), a. [L. adjutorius.] Serving to help or assist; helping. [Obs.] AdÏju¶trix (?), n. [L. See Adjutor.] A female helper or assistant. [R.] Ad¶juÏvant (?), a. [L. adjuvans, p. pr. of adjuvare to aid: cf. F. adjuvant. See Aid.] Helping; helpful; assisting. [R.] ½Adjuvant causes.¸ Howell. Ad¶juÏvant, n. 1. An assistant. [R.] Yelverton. 2. (Med.) An ingredient, in a prescription, which aids or modifies the action of the principal ingredient.

Ad·leÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. adlegatio, allegatio, a sending away; fr. adlegare, allegare, to send away with a commission; ad in addition + legare to send as ambassador. Cf. Allegation.] A right formerly claimed by the states of the German Empire of joining their own ministers with those of the emperor in public treaties and negotiations to the common interest of the empire. Encyc. Brit.

Ø Ad lib¶iÏtum (?). At one's pleasure; as one wishes. Ad·loÏcu¶tion (?), n. See Allocution. [Obs.] AdÏmar¶ginÏate (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + margin.] To write in the margin. [R.] Coleridge. AdÏmax¶ilÏlaÏry (?), a. [Pref. adÏ + maxillary.] (Anat.) Near to the maxilla or jawbone. AdÏmeas¶ure (?; 135), v. t. [Cf. OF. amesurer, LL. admensurare. See Measure.] 1. To measure. 2. (Law) To determine the proper share of, or the proper apportionment; as, to admeasure dower; to admeasure common of pasture. Blackstone. AdÏmeas¶ureÏment (?), n. [Cf. OF. amesurement, and E. Measure.] 1. The act or process of ascertaining the dimensions of anything; mensuration; measurement; as, the admeasurement of a ship or of a cask. ½ Admeasurement by acre.¸ 2. The measure of a thing; dimensions; size. 3. (Law) Formerly, the adjustment of proportion, or ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in common. This was by writ of admeasurement, directed to the sheriff. AdÏmeas¶urÏer (?), n. One who admeasures. AdÏmen·suÏra¶tion (?), n. [LL. admensuratio; L. ad + mensurare to measure. See Mensuration.] Same as Admeasurement. AdÏmin¶iÏcle (?), n. [L. adminculum support, orig., that on which the hand rests; ad + manus hand + dim. ending Ïculym.] 1. Help or support; an auxiliary. Grote. 2. (Law) Corroborative or explanatory proof. In Scots law, any writing tending to establish the existence or terms of a lost deed. Bell. Ad·miÏnic¶uÏlar (?), a. Supplying help; auxiliary; corroborative; explanatory; as, adminicular evidence. H. Spencer. Ad·miÏnic¶uÏlaÏry (?), a. Adminicular. AdÏmin¶isÏter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Administered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Administering.] [OE. aministren, OF. aministrer, F. administer, fr. L. administrare; ad + ministrare to serve. See Minister.] 1.To manage or conduct, as public affairs; to direct or superintend the execution, application, or conduct of; as, to administer the government or the state. For forms of government let fools contest: Whate'er is best administered is best. Pope. 2. To dispense; to serve out; to supply; execute; as, to administer relief, to administer the sacrament. [Let zephyrs] administer their tepid, genial airs. Philips. Justice was administered with an exactness and purity not before known. Macaulay. 3. To apply, as medicine or a remedy; to give, as a dose or something beneficial or suitable. Extended to a blow, a reproof, etc. A noxious drug had been administered to him. Macaulay. 4. To tender, as an oath. Swear... to keep the oath that we administer. Shak. 5. (Law) To settle, as the estate of one who dies without a will, or whose will fails of an executor. Syn. - To manage; conduct; minister; supply; dispense; give out; distribute; furnish. AdÏmin¶isÏter, v. i. 1. To contribute; to bring aid or supplies; to conduce; to minister. A fountain... administers to the pleasure as well as the plenty of the place. Spectator. 2. (Law) To perform the office of administrator; to act officially; as, A administers upon the estate of B. AdÏmin¶isÏter, n. Administrator. [Obs.] Bacon. AdÏmin·isÏte¶riÏal (?), a. Pertaining to administration, or to the executive part of government. AdÏmin¶isÏtraÏble (?), a. Capable of being administered; as, an administrable law. AdÏmin¶isÏtrant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of administrer. See Administer.] Executive; acting; managing affairs. - n. One who administers. AdÏmin¶isÏtrate (?), v. t. [L. administratus, p. p. of administrare.] To administer. [R.] Milman. AdÏmin·isÏtra¶tion (?; 277), n. [OE. administracioun, L. administratio: cf. F. administration.] 1. The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction; management. His financial administration was of a piece with his military administration. Macaulay. 2. The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are intrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain. A mild and popular administration. Macaulay. The administration has been opposed in parliament. Johnson. 3. The act of administering, or tendering something to another; dispensation; as, the administration of a medicine, of an oath, of justice, or of the sacrament.

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4. (Law) (a) The management and disposal, under legal authority, of the estate of an intestate, or of a testator having no competent executor. (b) The management of an estate of a deceased person by an executor, the strictly corresponding term execution not being in use. ÷ with the will annexed, administration granted where the testator has appointed no executor, or where his appointment of an executor for any cause has failed, as by death, incompetency, refusal to act, etc. Syn. - Conduct; management; direction; regulation; execution; dispensation; distribution. AdÏmin¶isÏtra·tive (?), a. [L. administrativus: cf. F. administratif.] Pertaining to administration; administering; executive; as, an administrative body, ability, or energy. - AdÏmin¶isÏtra·tiveÏly, adv. AdÏmin·isÏtra¶tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager. 2. (Law) A man who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority. AdÏmin·isÏtra¶torÏship, n. The position or office of an administrator. AdÏmin·isÏtra¶trix (?), n. [NL.] A woman who administers; esp., one who administers the estate of an intestate, or to whom letters of administration have been granted; a female administrator. Ad·miÏraÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [L. admirabilitac.] Admirableness. [R.] Johnson. Ad¶miÏraÏble (?), a. [L. admirabilis: cf. F. admirable.] 1. Fitted to excite wonder; wonderful; marvelous. [Obs.] In man there is nothing admirable but his ignorance and weakness. Jer. Taylor. 2. Having qualities to excite wonder united with approbation; deserving the highest praise; most excellent; - used of persons or things. ½An admirable machine.¸ ½Admirable fortitude.¸ Macaulay. Syn. - Wonderful; marvelous; surprising; excellent; delightful; praiseworthy. Ad¶miÏraÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being admirable; wonderful excellence. Ad¶miÏraÏbly, adv. In an admirable manner. Ad¶miÏral (?), n. [OE. amiral, admiral, OF. amiral, ultimately fr. Ar. amÆrÏalÏbahr commander of the sea; Ar. amÆr is commander, al is the Ar. article, and amÆrÏal, heard in different titles, was taken as one word. Early forms of the word show confusion with L. admirabilis admirable, fr. admirari to admire. It is said to have been introduced into Europe by the Genoese or Venetians, in the 12th or 13th century. Cf. Ameer, Emir.] 1. A naval officer of the highest rank; a naval officer of high rank, of which there are different grades. The chief gradations in rank are admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral. The admiral is the commander in chief of a fleet or of fleets. 2.The ship which carries the admiral; also, the most considerable ship of a fleet. Like some mighty admiral, dark and terrible, bearing down upon his antagonist with all his canvas straining to the wind, and all his thunders roaring from his broadsides. E. Everett. 3. (Zo”l.) A handsome butterfly (Pyrameis Atalanta) of Europe and America. The larva feeds on nettles. ÷ shell (Zo”l.), the popular name of an ornamental cone shell (Conus admiralis). Lord High ÷, a great officer of state, who (when this rare dignity is conferred) is at the head of the naval administration of Great Britain. Ad¶miÏralÏship, n. The office or position oaf an admiral; also, the naval skill of an admiral. Ad¶miÏralÏty (?), n.; pl. Admiralties (?). [F. amiraut‚, for an older amiralt‚, office of admiral, fr. LL. admiralitas. See Admiral.] 1. The office or jurisdiction of an admiral. Prescott. 2. The department or officers having authority over naval affairs generally. 3.The court which has jurisdiction of maritime questions and offenses. µ In England, admiralty jurisdiction was formerly vested in the High Court of Admiralty, which was held before the Lord High Admiral, or his deputy, styled the Judge of the Admiralty; but admiralty jurisdiction is now vested in the probate, divorce, and admiralty division of the High Justice. In America, there are no admiralty courts distinct from others, but admiralty jurisdiction is vested in the district courts of the United States, subject to revision by the circuit courts and the Supreme Court of the United States. Admiralty jurisprudence has cognizance of maritime contracts and torts, collisions at sea, cases of prize in war, etc., and in America, admiralty jurisdiction is extended to such matters, arising out of the navigation of any of the public waters, as the Great Lakes and rivers. 4. The system of jurisprudence of admiralty courts. 5. The building in which the lords of the admiralty, in England, transact business. AdÏmir¶ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. admirance.] Admiration. [Obs.] Spenser. Ad·miÏra¶tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.] 1. Wonder; astonishment. [Obs.] Season your admiration for a while. Shak. 2.Wonder mingled with approbation or delight; an emotion excited by a person or thing possessed of wonderful or high excellence; as, admiration of a beautiful woman, of a landscape, of virtue. 3. Cause of admiration; something to excite wonder, or pleased surprise; a prodigy. Now, good Lafeu, bring in the admiration. Shak. Note of ~, the mark (!), called also exclamation point. Syn. - Wonder; approval; appreciation; adoration; reverence; worship. AdÏmi¶aÏtive (?), a. Relating to or expressing admiration or wonder. [R.] Earle. AdÏmire¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Admiring (?).] [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. ? to smile, Skr. smi, and E. smile.] 1. To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [Archaic] Examples rather to be admired than imitated. Fuller. 2. To regard with wonder and delight; to look upon with an elevated feeling of pleasure, as something which calls out approbation, esteem, love, or reverence; to estimate or prize highly; as, to admire a person of high moral worth, to admire a landscape. Admired as heroes and as gods obeyed. Pope. µ Admire followed by the infinitive is obsolete or colloquial; as, I admire to see a man consistent in his conduct. Syn. - To esteem; approve; delight in. AdÏmire¶, v. i.To wonder; to marvel; to be affected with surprise; - sometimes with at. To wonder at Pharaoh, and even admire at myself. Fuller. AdÏmired¶ (?), a. 1. Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired poem. 2. Wonderful; also, admirable. [Obs.] ½Admired disorder.¸ ½ Admired Miranda.¸ Shak. AdÏmir¶er (?), n. One who admires; one who esteems or loves greatly. Cowper. AdÏmir¶ing, a. Expressing admiration; as, an admiring glance. - AdÏmir¶ingÏly, adv. Shak. AdÏmis·siÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [Cf. F. admissibilit‚.] The quality of being admissible; admissibleness; as, the admissibility of evidence. AdÏmis¶siÏble (?), a. [F. admissible, LL. admissibilis. See Admit.] Entitled to be admitted, or worthy of being admitted; that may be allowed or conceded; allowable; as, the supposition is hardly admissible. - AdÏmis¶siÏbleÏness, n. Ð AdÏmis¶siÏbly, adv. AdÏmis¶sion (?), n. [L. admissio: cf. F. admission. See Admit.] 1. The act or practice of admitting. 2. Power or permission to enter; admittance; entrance; access; power to approach. What numbers groan for sad admission there! Young. 3. The granting of an argument or position not fully proved; the act of acknowledging something ?serted; acknowledgment; concession. The too easy admission of doctrines. Macaulay. 4. (Law) Acquiescence or concurrence in a statement made by another, and distinguishable from a confession in that an admission presupposes prior inquiry by another, but a confession may be made without such inquiry. 5. A fact, point, or statement admitted; as, admission made out of court are received in evidence. 6. (Eng. Eccl. Law) Declaration of the bishop that he approves of the presentee as a fit person to serve the cure of the church to which he is presented. Shipley. Syn. - Admittance; concession; acknowledgment; concurrence; allowance. See Admittance. AdÏmis¶sive (?), a.Implying an admission; tending to admit. [R.] Lamb. AdÏmis¶soÏry (?), a. Pertaining to admission. AdÏmit¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admitted; p. pr. & vb. n. Admitting.] [OE. amitten, L. admittere, admissum; ad + mittere to send: cf. F. admettre, OF. admettre, OF. ametre. See Missile.] 1. To suffer to enter; to grant entrance, whether into a place, or into the mind, or consideration; to receive; to take; as, they were into his house; to admit a serious thought into the mind; to admit evidence in the trial of a cause. 2. To give a right of entrance; as, a ticket one into a playhouse. 3. To allow (one) to enter on an office or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise; as, to admit an attorney to practice law; the prisoner was admitted to bail. 4. To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny; to own or confess; as, the argument or fact is admitted; he admitted his guilt. 5. To be capable of; to permit; as, the words do not admit such a construction. In this sense, of may be used after the verb, or may be omitted. Both Houses declared that they could admit of no treaty with the king. Hume. AdÏmit¶taÏble (?), a. Admissible. Sir T. Browne. AdÏmit¶tance (?), n. 1. The act of admitting. 2. Permission to enter; the power or right of entrance; also, actual entrance; reception. To gain admittance into the house. South. He desires admittance to the king. Dryden. To give admittance to a thought of fear. Shak. 3. Concession; admission; allowance; as, the admittance of an argument. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. 4. Admissibility. [Obs. & R.] Shak. 5. (Eng. Law) The act of giving possession of a copyhold estate. Bouvier. Syn. - Admission; access; entrance; initiation. - Admittance, Admission. These words are, to some extent, in a state of transition and change. Admittance is now chiefly confined to its primary sense of access into some locality or building. Thus we see on the doors of factories, shops, etc. ½No admittance.¸ Its secondary or moral sense, as ½admittance to the church,¸ is almost entirely laid aside. Admission has taken to itself the secondary or figurative senses; as, admission to the rights of citizenship; admission to the church; the admissions made by one of the parties in a dispute. And even when used in its primary sense, it is not identical with admittance. Thus, we speak of admission into a country, territory, and other larger localities, etc., where admittance could not be used. So, when we speak of admission to a concert or other public assembly, the meaning is not perhaps exactly that of admittance, viz., access within the walls of the building, but rather a reception into the audience, or access to the performances. But the lines of distinction on this subject are one definitely drawn. Ø Ad·mitÏta¶tur (?), n. [L., let him be admitted.] The certificate of admission given in some American colleges. AdÏmit¶ted (?), a. Received as true or valid; acknowledged. - AdÏmit¶tedÏly, adv. Confessedly. AdÏmit¶ter (?), n. One who admits. AdÏmix¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + mix: cf. L. admixtus, p. p. of admiscere. See Mix.] To mingle with something else; to mix. [R.] AdÏmix¶tion (?; 106), n. [L. admixtio.] A mingling of different things; admixture. Glanvill. AdÏmix¶ture (?; 135), n. [L. admiscere, admixtum, to admix; ad + miscere to mix. See Mix.] 1. The act of mixing; mixture. 2. The compound formed by mixing different substances together. 3. That which is mixed with anything. AdÏmon¶ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Admonished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Admonishing.] [OE. amonesten, OF. amonester, F. admonester, fr. a supposed LL. admonesstrare, fr. L. admonere to remind, warn; ad + monere to warn. See Monition.] 1. To warn or notify of a fault; to reprove gently or kindly, but seriously; to exhort. ½Admonish him as a brother.¸ 2 Thess. iii. 15. 2. To counsel against wrong practices; to cation or advise; to warn against danger or an offense; - followed by of, against, or a subordinate clause. Admonishing one another in psalms and hymns. Col. iii. 16. I warned thee, I admonished thee, foretold The danger, and the lurking enemy. Milton. 3. To instruct or direct; to inform; to notify. Moses was admonished of God, when he was about to make the tabernacle. Heb. viii. 5. AdÏmon¶ishÏer (?), n. One who admonishes. AdÏmon¶ishÏment (?), n. [Cf. OF. amonestement, admonestement.] Admonition. [R.] Shak. Ad·moÏni¶tion (?), n. [OE. amonicioun, OF. amonition, F. admonition, fr. L. admonitio, fr. admonere. See Admonish.] Gentle or friendly reproof; counseling against a fault or error; expression of authoritative advice; friendly caution or warning. Syn. - Admonition, Reprehension, Reproof. Admonition is prospective, and relates to moral delinquencies; its object is to prevent further transgression. Reprehension and reproof are retrospective, the former being milder than the latter. A person of any age or station may be liable to reprehension in case of wrong conduct; but reproof is the act of a superior. It is authoritative fault-finding or censure addressed to children or to inferiors. Ad·moÏni¶tionÏer (?), n. Admonisher. [Obs.] AdÏmon¶iÏtive (?), a. Admonitory. [R.] Barrow. Ð AdÏmon¶iÏtiveÏly, adv. AdÏmon¶iÏtor (?), n. [L.] Admonisher; monitor. Conscience is at most times a very faithful and prudent admonitor. Shenstone. AdÏmon·iÏto¶riÏal (?), a. Admonitory. [R.] ½An admonitorial tone.¸ Dickens. AdÏmon¶iÏtoÏry (?), a. [LL. admonitorius.] That conveys admonition; warning or reproving; as, an admonitory glance. - AdÏmon¶iÏtoÏriÏly (?), adv. AdÏmon¶iÏtrix (?), n. [L.] A female admonitor. AdÏmor·tiÏza¶tion (?), n. [LL. admortizatio. Cf. Amortization.] (Law) The reducing or lands or tenements to mortmain. See Mortmain. AdÏmove¶ (?), v. t. [L. admovere. See Move.] To move or conduct to or toward. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AdÏnas¶cent (?), a. [L. adnascens, p. pr. of adnasci to be born, grow.] Growing to or on something else. ½An adnascent plant.¸ Evelyn. Ad¶nate (?), a. [L. adnatus, p. p. of adnasci. See Adnascent, and cf. Agnate.] 1. (Physiol.) Grown to congenitally. 2. (Bot.) Growing together; - said only of organic cohesion of unlike parts. An anther is adnate when fixed by its whole length to the filament. Gray. 3. (Zo”l.) Growing with one side adherent to a stem; - a term applied to the lateral zooids of corals and other compound animals. AdÏna¶tion (?), n. (Bot.) The adhesion or cohesion of different floral verticils or sets of organs. AdÏnom¶iÏnal (?), a. [L. ad + nomen noun.] (Gram.) Pertaining to an adnoun; adjectival; attached to a noun. Gibbs. Ð AdÏnom¶iÏnalÏly, adv. Ad¶noun· (?), n. [Pref. adÏ + noun.] (Gram.) An adjective, or attribute. [R.] Coleridge. AdÏnu¶biÏla·ted (?), a. [L. adnubilatus, p. p. of adnubilare.] Clouded; obscured. [R.] AÏdo¶ (?), (1) v. inf., (2) n. [OE. at do, northern form for to do. Cf. Affair.] 1. To do; in doing; as, there is nothing . ½What is here ado?¸ J. Newton. 2. Doing; trouble; difficulty; troublesome business; fuss; bustle; as, to make a great ado about trifles. With much ado, he partly kept awake. Dryden. Let's follow to see the end of this ado. Shak. Ø AÏdo¶be (?), n. [Sp.] An unburnt brick dried in the sun; also used as an adjective, as, an adobe house, in Texas or New Mexico. Ad·oÏles¶cence (?), n. [Fr., fr. L. adolescentia.] The state of growing up from childhood to manhood or womanhood; youth, or the period of life between puberty and maturity, generally considered to be, in the male sex, from fourteen to twenty-one. Sometimes used with reference to the lower animals. Ad·oÏles¶cenÏcy (?), n. The quality of being adolescent; youthfulness.

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Ad·oÏles¶cent (?), a. [L. adolescens, p. pr. of adolescere to grow up to; ad + the inchoative olescere to grow: cf. F. adolescent. See Adult.] Growing; advancing from childhood to maturity. Schools, unless discipline were doubly strong, Detain their adolescent charge too long. Cowper. Ad·oÏles¶cent, n. A youth. Ad·oÏne¶an (?), a. [L. Adon?us.] Pertaining to Adonis; Adonic. ½Fair Adonean Venus.¸ Faber. AÏdon¶ic (?), a. [F. adonique: cf. L. Adonius.] Relating to Adonis, famed for his beauty. - n. An Adonic verse. ÷ verse, a verse consisting of a dactyl and spondee (?). Ø AÏdo¶nis (?), n. [L., gr. Gr. ?.] 1. (Gr. Myth.) A youth beloved by Venus for his beauty. He was killed in the chase by a wild boar. 2. A pre‰minently beautiful young man; a dandy. 3. (Bot.) A genus of plants of the family Ranunculace?, containing the pheasaut's eye (Adonis autumnalis); - named from Adonis, whose blood was fabled to have stained the flower. AÏdo¶nist (?), n. [Heb. ?d?n¾i my Lords.] One who maintains that points of the Hebrew word translated ½Jehovah¸ are really the vowel points of the word ½Adonai.¸ See Jehovist. Ad¶oÏnize (?), v. t. [Cf. F. adoniser, fr. Adonis.] To beautify; to dandify. I employed three good hours at least in adjusting and adonozing myself. Smollett. AÏdoor (?), AÏdoors (?), } At the door; of the door; as, out adoors. Shak. I took him in adoors. Vicar's Virgil (1630). AÏdopt¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adopted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adopting.] [L. adoptare; ad + optare to choose, desire: cf. F. adopter. See Option.] 1. To take by choice into relationship, as, child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.; esp. to take voluntarily (a child of other parents) to be in the place of, or as, one's own child. 2. To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally; to select and take or approve; as, to adopt the view or policy of another; these resolutions were adopted. AÏdopt¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being adopted. AÏdopt¶ed (?), a. Taken by adoption; taken up as one's own; as, an adopted son, citizen, country, word. - AÏdopt¶edÏly, adv. AÏdopt¶er (?), n. 1. One who adopts. 2. (Chem.) A receiver, with two necks, opposite to each other, one of which admits the neck of a retort, and the other is joined to another receiver. It is used in distillations, to give more space to elastic vapors, to increase the length of the neck of a retort, or to unite two vessels whose openings have different diameters. [Written also adapter.] AÏdop¶tion (?), n. [L. adoptio, allied to adoptare to adopt: cf. F. adoption.] 1. The act of adopting, or state of being adopted; voluntary acceptance of a child of other parents to be the same as one's own child. 2. Admission to a more intimate relation; reception; as, the adoption of persons into hospitals or monasteries, or of one society into another. 3. The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance; as, the adoption of opinions. Jer. Taylor. AÏdop¶tionÏist, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect which maintained that Christ was the Son of God not by nature but by adoption. AÏdop¶tious (?), a. Adopted. [Obs.] AÏdopt¶ive (?), a. [L. adoptivus: cf. F. adoptif.] Pertaining to adoption; made or acquired by adoption; fitted to adopt; as, an adoptive father, an child; an adoptive language. - AÏdopt¶iveÏly, adv. AÏdor·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. Adorableness. AÏdor¶aÏble (?), a. [L. adorabilis, fr. adorare: cf. F. adorable.] 1. Deserving to be adored; worthy of divine honors. The adorable Author of Christianity. Cheyne. 2. Worthy of the utmost love or respect. AÏdor¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being adorable, or worthy of adoration. Johnson. AÏdor¶aÏbly, adv. In an adorable manner. Ad·oÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. adoratio, fr. adorare: cf. F. adoration.] 1. The act of playing honor to a divine being; the worship paid to God; the act of addressing as a god. The more immediate objects of popular adoration amongst the heathens were deified human beings. Farmer. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem; profound veneration; intense regard and love; fervent devotion. 3. A method of electing a pope by the expression of homage from two thirds of the conclave. might have been chosen on the spot by adoration. Froude. AÏdore¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adored (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adoring (?).] [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French prefix aÏ being confused with OE. a, an, on. See Oral.] 1. To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. Bishops and priests, ... bearing the host, which he [James ?.] publicly adored. Smollett. 2. To love in the highest degree; to regard with the utmost esteem and affection; to idolize. The great mass of the population abhorred Popery and adored Montouth. Macaulay. AÏdore¶, v. t. To adorn. [Obs.] Congealed little drops which do the morn adore. Spenser. AÏdore¶ment (?), n. The act of adoring; adoration. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AÏdor¶er (?), n. One who adores; a worshiper; one who admires or loves greatly; an ardent admirer. ½An adorer of truth.¸ Clarendon. I profess myself her adorer, not her friend. Shak. AÏdor¶ingÏly, adv. With adoration. AÏdorn¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adorned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adorning.] [OE. aournen, anournen, adornen, OF. aorner, fr. L. aaornare; ad + ornare to furnish, embellish. See Adore, Ornate.] To deck or dress with ornaments; to embellish; to set off to advantage; to render pleasing or attractive. As a bride adorneth herself with her jewels. Isa. lxi. 10. At church, with meek and unaffected grace, His looks adorned the venerable place. Goldsmith. Syn. - To deck; decorate; embellish; ornament; beautify; grace; dignify; exalt; honor. - To Adorn, Ornament, Decorate, Embellish. We decorate and ornament by putting on some adjunct which is attractive or beautiful, and which serves to heighten the general effect. Thus, a lady's head-dress may be ornament or decorated with flowers or jewelry; a hall may be decorated or ornament with carving or gilding, with wreaths of flowers, or with hangings. Ornament is used in a wider sense than decorate. To embellish is to beautify or ornament richly, not so much by mere additions or details as by modifying the thing itself as a whole. It sometimes means gaudy and artificial decoration. We embellish a book with rich engravings; a style is embellished with rich and beautiful imagery; a shopkeeper embellishes his front window to attract attention. Adorn is sometimes identical with decorate, as when we say, a lady was adorned with jewels. In other cases, it seems to imply something more. Thus, we speak of a gallery of paintings as adorned with the works of some of the great masters, or adorned with noble statuary and columns. Here decorated and ornamented would hardly be appropriate. There is a value in these works of genius beyond mere show and ornament. Adorn may be used of what is purely moral; as, a character adorned with every Christian grace. Here neither decorate, nor ornament, nor embellish is proper. AÏdorn¶, n. Adornment. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏdorn¶, a. Adorned; decorated. [Obs.] Milton. Ad·orÏna¶tion (?), n. Adornment. [Obs.] AÏdorn¶er (?), n. He who, or that which, adorns; a beautifier. AÏdorn¶ingÏly, adv. By adorning; decoratively. AÏdorn¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. adornement. See Adorn.] An adorning; an ornament; a decoration. AdÏos¶cuÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. adosculari, adosculatum, to kiss. See Osculate.] (Biol.) Impregnation by external contact, without intromission. AÏdown¶ (?), adv. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of d?ne off the hill. See Down.] From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [Archaic] ½Thrice did she sink adown.¸ Spenser. AÏdown¶, prep. Down. [Archaic & Poetic] Her hair adown her shoulders loosely lay displayed. Prior. AdÏpress¶ (?), v. t. [L. adpressus, p. p. of adprimere.] See Appressed. - AdÏpressed¶ (?), a. AÏdrad¶ (?), p. a. [P. p. of adread.] Put in dread; afraid. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ad¶raÏgant (?), n. [F., a corruption of tragacanth.] Gum tragacanth. Brande & C. AÏdread¶ (?), v. t. & i. [AS. andr‘dan, ondr‘; pref. aÏ (for and against) + dr‘den to dread. See Dread.] To dread. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. AÏdreamed¶ (?), p. p. Visited by a dream; - used in the phrase, To be adreamed, to dream. [Obs.] AdÏre¶nal (?), a. [Pref. adÏ + renal.] (Anat.) Suprarenal. A¶driÏan (?), a. [L. Hadrianus.] Pertaining to the Adriatic Sea; as, Adrian billows. A·driÏat¶ic (?), a. [L. Adriaticus, Hadriaticus, fr. Adria or Hadria, a town of the Veneti.] Of or pertaining to a sea so named, the northwestern part of which is known as the Gulf of Venice. AÏdrift¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ (for on) + drift.] Floating at random; in a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves. Also fig. So on the sea shall be set adrift. Dryden. Were from their daily labor turned adrift. Wordsworth. AÏdrip¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ in + drip.] In a dripping state; as, leaves all adrip. D. G. Mitchell. Ad¶roÏgate (?), v. t. [See Arrogate.] (Rom. L?w) To adopt (a person who is his own master). Ad·roÏga¶tion (?), n. [L. adrogatio, arrogatio, fr. adrogare. See Arrogate.] (Rom. Law) A kind of adoption in ancient Rome. See Arrogation. AÏdroit¶ (?), a. [F. adroit; … (L. ad) = droit straight, right, fr. L. directus, p. p. of dirigere. See Direct.] Dexterous in the use of the hands or in the exercise of the mental faculties; exhibiting skill and readiness in avoiding danger or escaping difficulty; ready in invention or execution; - applied to persons and to acts; as, an adroit mechanic, an adroit reply. ½Adroit in the application of the telescope and quadrant.¸ Horsley. ½He was adroit in intrigue.¸ Macaulay. Syn. - Dexterous; skillful; expert; ready; clever; deft; ingenious; cunning; ready-witted. AÏdroit¶ly, adv. In an adroit manner. AÏdroit¶ness, n. The quality of being adroit; skill and readiness; dexterity. Adroitness was as requisite as courage. Motley. Syn. - See Skill. AÏdry¶ (?), a. [Pref. aÏ (for on) + dry.] In a dry or thirsty condition. ½A man that is adry.¸ Burton. Ad·sciÏti¶tious (?), a. [L. adscitus, p. p. of adsciscere, asciscere, to take knowingly; ad + sciscere to seek to know, approve, scire to know.] Supplemental; additional; adventitious; ascititious. ½Adscititious evidence.¸ Bowring. Ð Ad·sciÏti¶tiousÏly, adv. Ad¶script (?), a. [L. adscriptus, p. p. of adscribere to enroll. See Ascribe.] Held to service as attached to the soil; - said of feudal serfs. Ad¶script (?), n. One held to service as attached to the glebe or estate; a feudal serf. Bancroft. AdÏscrip¶tive (?), a.[L. adscriptivus. See Adscript.] Attached or annexed to the glebe or estate and transferable with it. Brougham. AdÏsig·niÏfiÏca¶tion (?), n. Additional signification. [R.] Tooke. AdÏsig¶niÏfy (?), v. t. [L. adsignificare to show.] To denote additionally. [R.] Tooke. AdÏstrict¶ (?), v. t. Ð AdÏstric¶tion (?), n. See Astrict, and Astriction. AdÏstric¶toÏry (?), a. See Astrictory. AdÏstrin¶gent (?), a. See Astringent. Ø Ad·uÏla¶riÏa (?), n. [From Adula, a mountain peak in Switzerland, where fine specimens are found.] (Min.) A transparent or translucent variety of common feldspar, or orthoclase, which often shows pearly opalescent reflections; - called by lapidaries moonstone. Ad¶uÏlate (?), v. t. [L. adulatus, p. p. of adulari.] To flatter in a servile way. Byron. Ad·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [F. adulation, fr. L. adulatio, fr. adulari, adulatum, to flatter.] Servile flattery; praise in excess, or beyond what is merited. Think'st thou the fiery fever will go out With titles blown from adulation? Shak. Syn. - Sycophancy; cringing; fawning; obsequiousness; blandishment. - Adulation, Flattery, Compliment. Men deal in compliments from a desire to please; they use flattery either from undue admiration, or a wish to gratify vanity; they practice adulation from sordid motives, and with a mingled spirit of falsehood and hypocrisy. Compliment may be a sincere expression of due respect and esteem, or it may be unmeaning; flattery is apt to become gross; adulation is always servile, and usually fulsome. Ad¶uÏla·tor (?), n.b [L., fr. adulari: cf. F. adulateur.] A servile or hypocritical flatterer. Carlyle. Ad¶uÏlaÏtoÏry (?), a. [L. adulatorius, fr. adulari: cf. OF. adulatoire.] Containing excessive praise or compliment; servilely praising; flattering; as, an adulatory address. A mere rant of adulatory freedom. Burke. Ad¶uÏla·tress (?), n. A woman who flatters with servility. AÏdult¶ (?), a. [L. adultus, p. p. of adolescere, akin to alere to nourish: cf. F. adulte. See Adolescent, Old.] Having arrived at maturity, or to full size and strength; matured; as, an adult person or plant; an adult ape; an adult age. AÏdult¶, n. A person, animal, or plant grown to full size and strength; one who has reached maturity. µ In the common law, the term is applied to a person who has attained full age or legal majority; in the civil law, to males after the age of fourteen, and to females after twelve. Bouvier. Burrill. AÏdul¶ter (?), v. i. [L. adulterare.] To commit adultery; to pollute. [Obs.] B. Jonson. AÏdul¶terÏant (?), n. [L. adulterans, p. pr. of adulterare.] That which is used to adulterate anything. - a. Adulterating; as, adulterant agents and processes. AÏdul¶terÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adulterated (?); p. pr. & vb. n Adulterating (?).] [L. adulteratus, p. p. of adulterare, fr. adulter adulterer, prob. fr. ad + alter other, properly one who approaches another on account of unlawful love. Cf. Advoutry.] 1. To defile by adultery. [Obs.] Milton. 2. To corrupt, debase, or make impure by an admixture of a foreign or a baser substance; as, to adulterate food, drink, drugs, coin, etc. The present war has... adulterated our tongue with strange words. Spectator. Syn. - To corrupt; defile; debase; contaminate; vitiate; sophisticate. AÏdul¶terÏate, v. i. To commit adultery. [Obs.] AÏdul¶terÏate (?), a. 1. Tainted with adultery. 2. Debased by the admixture of a foreign substance; adulterated; spurious. - AÏdul¶terÏateÏly, adv. Ð AÏdul¶terÏateÏness, n. AÏdul·terÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. adulteratio.] 1. The act of adulterating; corruption, or debasement (esp. of food or drink) by foreign mixture. The shameless adulteration of the coin. Prescott. 2. An adulterated state or product. AÏdul¶terÏa·tor (?), n. [L.] One who adulterates or corrupts. [R.] Cudworth. AÏdul¶terÏer (?), n. [Formed fr. the verb adulter, with the E. ending Ïer. See Advoutrer.] 1. A man who commits adultery; a married man who has sexual intercourse with a woman not his wife. 2. (Script.) A man who violates his religious covenant. Jer. ix. 2. AÏdul¶terÏess (?), n. [Fem. from L. adulter. Cf. Advoutress.] 1. A woman who commits adultery. 2. (Script.) A woman who violates her religious engagements. James iv. 4. AÏdul¶terÏine (?), a.[L. adulterinus, fr. adulter.] Proceeding from adulterous intercourse. Hence: Spurious; without the support of law; illegal. When any particular class of artificers or traders thought proper to act as a corporation without a charter, such were called adulterine guilds. Adam Smith. AÏdul¶terÏine, n. An illegitimate child. [R.] AÏdul¶terÏize (?), v. i. To commit adultery. Milton. AÏdul¶terÏous (?), a. 1. Guilty of, or given to, adultery; pertaining to adultery; illicit. Dryden. 2. Characterized by adulteration; spurious. ½An adulterous mixture.¸ [Obs.] Smollett. AÏdul¶terÏousÏly, adv. In an adulterous manner. AÏdul¶terÏy (?), n.; pl. Adulteries (?). [L. adulterium. See Advoutry.] 1. The unfaithfulness of a married person to the marriage bed; sexual intercourse by a married man with another than his wife, or voluntary sexual intercourse by a married woman with another than her husband.

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µ It is adultery on the part of the married wrongdoer. The word has also been used to characterize the act of an unmarried participator, the other being married. In the United States the definition varies with the local statutes. Unlawful intercourse between two married persons is sometimes called double adultery; between a married and an unmarried person, single adultery. 2. Adulteration; corruption. [Obs.] B. Jonson. 3. (Script.) (a) Lewdness or unchastity of thought as well as act, as forbidden by the seventh commandment. (b) Faithlessness in religion. Jer. iii. 9. 4. (Old Law) The fine and penalty imposed for the offense of adultery. 5. (Eccl.) The intrusion of a person into a bishopric during the life of the bishop. 6. Injury; degradation; ruin. [Obs.] You might wrest the caduceus out of my hand to the adultery and spoil of nature. B. Jonson. AÏdult¶ness (?), n. The state of being adult. AdÏum¶brant (?), a. [L. adumbrans, p. pr. of adumbrare.] Giving a faint shadow, or slight resemblance; shadowing forth. AdÏum¶brate (?), v. t. [L. adumbratus, p. p. of adumbrare; ad + umbrare to shade; umbra shadow.] 4. To give a faint shadow or slight representation of; to outline; to shadow forth. Both in the vastness and the richness of the visible universe the invisible God is adumbrated. L. Taylor. 2. To overshadow; to shade. Ad·umÏbra¶tion (?), n. [L. adumbratio.] 1. The act of adumbrating, or shadowing forth. 2. A faint sketch; an outline; an imperfect portrayal or representation of a thing. Elegant adumbrations of sacred truth. Bp. Horsley. 3. (Her.) The shadow or outlines of a figure. AdÏum¶braÏtive (?), a. Faintly representing; typical. Carlyle. Ad·uÏna¶tion (?), n. [L. adunatio; ad + unus one.] A uniting; union. Jer. Taylor. AÏdunc¶, AÏdunque¶ (?), a. (Zo”l.) Hooked; as, a parrot has an adunc bill. AÏdun¶ciÏty (?), n. [L. aduncitas. See Aduncous.] Curvature inwards; hookedness. The aduncity of the beaks of hawks. Pope. AÏdun¶cous (?), a. [L. aduncus; ad + uncus hooked, hook.] Curved inwards; hooked. AÏdure¶ (?), v. t. [L. adurere; ad + urere to burn.] To burn up. [Obs.] Bacon. AÏdust¶ (?), a. [L. adustus, p. p. of adurere: cf. F. aduste.] 1. Inflamed or scorched; fiery. ½The Libyan air adust.½ Milton. 2. Looking as if or scorched; sunburnt. A tall, thin man, of an adust complexion. Sir W. Scott. 3. (Med.) Having much heat in the constitution and little serum in the blood. [Obs.] Hence: Atrabilious; sallow; gloomy. AÏdust¶ed, a. Burnt; adust. [Obs.] Howell. AÏdust¶iÏble (?), a. That may be burnt. [Obs.] AÏdus¶tion (?; 106), n. [L. adustio, fr. adurere, adustum: cf. F. adustion.] 1. The act of burning, or heating to dryness; the state of being thus heated or dried. [Obs. or R.] Harvey. 2. (Surg.) Cauterization. Buchanan. Ø Ad vaÏlo¶rem (?). [L., according to the value.] (Com.) A term used to denote a duty or charge laid upon goods, at a certain rate per cent upon their value, as stated in their invoice, Ð in opposition to a specific sum upon a given quantity or number; as, an ad valorem duty of twenty per cent. AdÏvance¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Advancing (?)(?).] [OE. avancen, avauncen, F. avancer, fr. a supposed LL. abantiare; ab + ante (F. avant) before. The spelling with d was a mistake, aÏ being supposed to be fr. L. ad. See Avaunt.] 1. To bring forward; to move towards the van or front; to make to go on. 2. To raise; to elevate. [Archaic] They... advanced their eyelids. Shak. 3. To raise to a higher rank; to promote. Ahasueres... advanced him, and set his seat above all the princes. Esther iii. 1. 4. To accelerate the growth or progress; to further; to forward; to help on; to aid; to heighten; as, to advance the ripening of fruit; to advance one's interests. 5. To bring to view or notice; to offer or propose; to show; as, to advance an argument. Some ne'er advance a judgment of their own. Pope. 6. To make earlier, as an event or date; to hasten. 7. To furnish, as money or other value, before it becomes due, or in aid of an enterprise; to supply beforehand; as, a merchant advances money on a contract or on goods consigned to him. 8. To raise to a higher point; to enhance; to raise in rate; as, to advance the price of goods. 9. To extol; to laud. [Obs.] Greatly advancing his gay chivalry. Spenser. Syn. Ð To raise; elevate; exalt; aggrandize; improve; heighten; accelerate; allege; adduce; assign. AdÏvance¶, v. i. 1. To move or go forward; to proceed; as, he advanced to greet me. 2. To increase or make progress in any respect; as, to advance in knowledge, in stature, in years, in price. 3. To rise in rank, office, or consequence; to be preferred or promoted. Advanced to a level with ancient peers. Prescott. AdÏvance¶, n. [Cf. F. avance, fr. avancer. See Advance, v.] 1. The act of advancing or moving forward or upward; progress. 2. Improvement or progression, physically, mentally, morally, or socially; as, an advance in health, knowledge, or religion; an advance in rank or office. 3. An addition to the price; rise in price or value; as, an advance on the prime cost of goods. 4. The first step towards the attainment of a result; approach made to gain favor, to form an acquaintance, to adjust a difference, etc.; an overture; a tender; an offer; Ð usually in the plural. made the like advances to the dissenters. Swift. 5. A furnishing of something before an equivalent is received (as money or goods), towards a capital or stock, or on loan; payment beforehand; the money or goods thus furnished; money or value supplied beforehand. I shall, with pleasure, make the necessary advances. Jay. The account was made up with intent to show what advances had been made. Kent. In advance (a) In front; before. (b) Beforehand; before an equivalent is received. (c) In the state of having advanced money on account; as, A is advance to B a thousand dollars or pounds. AdÏvance¶ (?), a. Before in place, or beforehand in time; Ð used for advanced; as, an advance guard, or that before the main guard or body of an army; advance payment, or that made before it is due; advance proofs, advance sheets, pages of a forthcoming volume, received in advance of the time of publication. AdÏvanced¶ (?), a. 1. In the van or front. 2. In the front or before others, as regards progress or ideas; as, advanced opinions, advanced thinkers. 3. Far on in life or time. A gentleman advanced in years, with a hard experience written in his wrinkles. Hawthorne. Advanced guard, a detachment of troops which precedes the march of the main body. AdÏvance¶ment (?), n. [OE. avancement, F. avancement. See Advance, v. t.] 1. The act of advancing, or the state of being advanced; progression; improvement; furtherance; promotion to a higher place or dignity; as, the advancement of learning. In heaven... every one (so well they love each other) rejoiceth and hath his part in each other's advancement. Sir T. More. True religion... proposes for its end the joint advancement of the virtue and happiness of the people. Horsley. 2. An advance of money or value; payment in advance. See Advance, 5. 3. (Law) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution. 4. Settlement on a wife, or jointure. [Obs.] Bacon. AdÏvan¶cer (?), n. 1. One who advances; a promoter. 2. A second branch of a buck's antler. Howell. AdÏvan¶cive (?), a. Tending to advance. [R.] AdÏvan¶tage (?; 61, 48), n. [OE. avantage, avauntage, F. avantage, fr. avant before. See Advance, and cf. Vantage.] 1. Any condition, circumstance, opportunity, or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end; benefit; as, the enemy had the advantage of a more elevated position. Give me advantage of some brief discourse. Shak. The advantages of a close alliance. Macaulay. 2. Superiority; mastery; Ð with of or over. Lest Satan should get an advantage of us. 2 Cor. ii. 11. 3. Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit; as, the advantage of a good constitution. 4. Interest of money; increase; overplus (as the thirteenth in the baker's dozen). [Obs.] And with advantage means to pay thy love. Shak. Advantage ground, vantage ground. [R.] Clarendon. Ð To have the advantage of (any one), to have a personal knowledge of one who does not have a reciprocal knowledge. ½You have the advantage of me; I don't remember ever to have had the honor.¸ Sheridan. Ð To take advantage of, to profit by; (often used in a bad sense) to overreach, to outwit. Syn. Ð Advantage, Advantageous, Benefit, Beneficial. We speak of a thing as a benefit, or as beneficial, when it is simply productive of good; as, the benefits of early discipline; the beneficial effects of adversity. We speak of a thing as an advantage, or as advantageous, when it affords us the means of getting forward, and places us on a ½vantage ground¸ for further effort. Hence, there is a difference between the benefits and the advantages of early education; between a beneficial and an advantageous investment of money. AdÏvan¶tage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advantaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Advantaging (?).] [F. avantager, fr. avantage. See Advance.] To give an advantage to; to further; to promote; to benefit; to profit. The truth is, the archbishop's own stiffness and averseness to comply with the court designs, advantaged his adversaries against him. Fuller. What is a man advantaged, if he gain the whole world, and lose himself, or be cast away? Luke ix. 25. To advantage one's self of, to avail one's self of. [Obs.] AdÏvan¶tageÏaÏble (?), a. Advantageous. [Obs.] Ad·vanÏta¶geous (?), a. [F. avantageux, fr. avantage.] Being of advantage; conferring advantage; gainful; profitable; useful; beneficial; as, an advantageous position; trade is advantageous to a nation. Advabtageous comparison with any other country. Prescott. You see... of what use a good reputation is, and how swift and advantageous a harbinger it is, wherever one goes. Chesterfield. Ad·vanÏta¶geousÏly, adv. Profitably; with advantage. Ad·vanÏta¶geousÏness, n. Profitableness. AdÏvene¶ (?), v. i. [L. advenire; ad + venire to come: cf. F. avenir, advenir. See Come.] To accede, or come (to); to be added to something or become a part of it, though not essential. [R.] Where no act of the will advenes as a coefficient. Coleridge. AdÏven¶ient (?), a. [L. adviens, p. pr. Coming from outward causes; superadded. [Obs.] Ad·vent (?), n. [L. adventus, fr. advenire, adventum: cf. F. avent. See Advene.] 1. (Eccl.) The period including the four Sundays before Christmas. Advent Sunday (Eccl.), the first Sunday in the season of Advent, being always the nearest Sunday to the feast of St. Andrew (Now. 30). Shipley. 2. The first or the expected second coming of Christ. 3. Coming; any important arrival; approach. Death's dreadful advent. Young. Expecting still his advent home. Tennyson. Ad¶ventÏist (?), n. One of a religious body, embracing several branches, who look for the proximate personal coming of Christ; Ð called also Second Adventists. SchaffÐHerzog Encyc. Ad·venÏti¶tious (?), a. [L. adventitius.] 1. Added extrinsically; not essentially inherent; accidental or causal; additional; supervenient; foreign. To things of great dimensions, if we annex an adventitious idea of terror, they become without comparison greater. Burke. 2. (Nat. Hist.) Out of the proper or usual place; as, adventitious buds or roots. 3. (Bot.) Accidentally or sparingly spontaneous in a country or district; not fully naturalized; adventive; Ð applied to foreign plants. 4. (Med.) Acquired, as diseases; accidental. Ð Ad·venÏti¶tiousÏly, adv. Ð Ad·venÏti¶tiousÏness, n. AdÏven¶tive (?), a. 1. Accidental. 2. (Bot.) Adventitious. Gray. AdÏven¶tive, n. A thing or person coming from without; an immigrant. [R.] Bacon. AdÏven¶tuÏal (?; 135), a. Relating to the season of advent. Sanderson. AdÏven¶ture (?; 135), n. [OE. aventure, aunter, anter, F. aventure, fr. LL. adventura, fr. L. advenire, adventum, to arrive, which in the Romance languages took the sense of ½to happen, befall.¸ See Advene.] 1. That which happens without design; chance; hazard; hap; hence, chance of danger or loss. Nay, a far less good to man it will be found, if she must, at all adventures, be fastened upon him individually. Milton. 2. Risk; danger; peril. [Obs.] He was in great adventure of his life. Berners. 3. The encountering of risks; hazardous and striking enterprise; a bold undertaking, in which hazards are to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; a daring feat. He loved excitement and adventure. Macaulay. 4. A remarkable occurrence; a striking event; a stirring incident; as, the adventures of one's life. Bacon. 5. A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account. A bill of adventure (Com.), a writing setting forth that the goods shipped are at the owner's risk. Syn. Ð Undertaking; enterprise; venture; event. AdÏven¶ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Adventured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Adventuring (?).] [OE. aventuren, auntren, F. aventurer, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.] 1. To risk, or hazard; jeopard; to venture. He would not adventure himself into the theater. Acts xix. 31. 2. To venture upon; to run the risk of; to dare. Yet they adventured to go back. Bunyan, Discriminations might be adventured. J. Taylor. AdÏven¶ture, v. i. To try the chance; to take the risk. I would adventure for such merchandise. Shak. AdÏven¶tureÏful (?), a. Given to adventure. AdÏven¶turÏer (?), n. [Cf. F. aventurier.] 1. One who adventures; as, the merchant adventurers; one who seeks his fortune in new and hazardous or perilous enterprises. 2. A social pretender on the lookout for advancement. AdÏven¶tureÏsome (?), a. Full of risk; adventurous; venturesome. Ð AdÏven¶tureÏsomeÏness, n. AdÏven¶turÏess (?), n. A female adventurer; a woman who tries to gain position by equivocal means. AdÏven¶turÏous (?), a. [OE. aventurous, aunterous, OF. aventuros, F. aventureux, fr. aventure. See Adventure, n.] 1. Inclined to adventure; willing to incur hazard; prone to embark in hazardous enterprise; rashly daring; Ð applied to persons. Bold deed thou hast presumed, adventurous Eve. Milton. 2. Full of hazard; attended with risk; exposing to danger; requiring courage; rash; Ð applied to acts; as, an adventurous undertaking, deed, song. Syn. Ð Rash; foolhardy; presumptuous; enterprising; daring; hazardous; venturesome. See Rash. AdÏven¶turÏousÏly, adv. In an adventurous manner; venturesomely; boldly; daringly. AdÏven¶turÏousÏness, n. The quality or state of being adventurous; daring; venturesomeness. Ad¶verb (?), n. [L. adverbium; ad + verbum word, verb: cf. F. adverbe.] (Gram.) A word used to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well; paper extremely white. AdÏver¶biÏal (?), a. [L. adverbialis: cf. F. adverbial.] Of or pertaining to an adverb; of the nature of an adverb; as, an adverbial phrase or form. AdÏver·biÏal¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being adverbial. Earle. AdÏver¶biÏalÏize (?), v. t. To give the force or form of an adverb to. AdÏver¶biÏalÏly, adv. In the manner of an adverb. Ø Ad·verÏsa¶riÏa (?), n. pl. [L. adversaria (sc. scripta), neut. pl. of adversarius.] A miscellaneous collection of notes, remarks, or selections; a commonplace book; also, commentaries or notes. These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adversaria. Bp. Bull. Ad·verÏsa¶riÏous (?), a. Hostile. [R.] Southey. Ad·verÏsaÏry (?), n.; pl. Adversaries (?). [OE. adversarie, direct fr. the Latin, and adversaire, fr. OF. adversier, aversier, fr. L. adversarius (a.) turned toward, (n.) an adversary. See Adverse.] One who is turned against another or others with a design to oppose

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or resist them; a member of an opposing or hostile party; an opponent; an antagonist; an enemy; a foe. His ancient knot of dangerous adversaries. Shak. Agree with thine adversary quickly. Matt. v. 25. It may be thought that to vindicate the permanency of truth is to dispute without an adversary. Beattie. The Adversary, The Satan, or the Devil. Syn. - Adversary, Enemy, Opponent, Antagonist. Enemy is the only one of these words which necessarily implies a state of personal hostility. Men may be adversaries, antagonists, or opponents to each other in certain respects, and yet have no feelings of general animosity. An adversary may be simply one who is placed for a time in a hostile position, as in a lawsuit, an argument, in chess playing, or at fence. An opponent is one who is ranged against another (perhaps passively) on the opposing side; as a political opponent, an opponent in debate. An antagonist is one who struggles against another with active effort, either in a literal fight or in verbal debate. Ad¶verÏsaÏry (?), a. 1. Opposed; opposite; adverse; antagonistic. [Archaic] Bp. King. 2. (Law) Having an opposing party; not unopposed; as, an adversary suit. AdÏver¶saÏtive (?), a. [L. adversativus, fr. adversari.] Expressing contrariety, opposition, or antithesis; as, an adversative conjunction (but, however, yet, etc.); an adversative force. - AdÏver¶saÏtiveÏly, adv. AdÏver¶saÏtive, n. An adversative word. Harris. Ad¶verse (?), a. [OE. advers, OF. avers, advers, fr. L. adversus, p. p. advertere to turn to. See Advert.] 1. Acting against, or in a contrary direction; opposed; contrary; opposite; conflicting; as, adverse winds; an adverse party; a spirit adverse to distinctions of caste. 2. Opposite. ½Calpe's adverse height.¸ Byron. 3. In hostile opposition to; unfavorable; unpropitious; contrary to one's wishes; unfortunate; calamitous; afflictive; hurtful; as, adverse fates, adverse circumstances, things adverse. Happy were it for us all if we bore prosperity as well and wisely as we endure an adverse fortune. Southey. ÷ possession (Law), a possession of real property avowedly contrary to some claim of title in another person. Abbott. Syn. - Averse; reluctant; unwilling. See Averse. AdÏverse¶ (?), v. t. [L. adversari: cf. OF. averser.] To oppose; to resist. [Obs.] Gower. Ad¶verseÏly (277), adv. In an adverse manner; inimically; unfortunately; contrariwise. Ad¶verseÏness, n. The quality or state of being adverse; opposition. AdÏver·siÏfo¶liÏate (?), AdÏver·siÏfo¶liÏous (?) } a. [L. adver + folium leaf.] (Bot.) Having opposite leaves, as plants which have the leaves so arranged on the stem. AdÏver¶sion (?), n.[L. adversio] A turning towards; attention. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. AdÏver¶siÏty (?), n.; pl. Adversities (?).[OE. adversite, F. adversit‚, fr. L. adversitas.] 1. Opposition; contrariety. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. A condition attended with severe trials; a state of adverse fortune; misfortune; calamity; affliction, trial; - opposed to wellÐbeing or prosperity. Adversity is not without comforts and hopes. Bacon. Syn. - Affliction; distress; misery; disaster; trouble; suffering; trial. AdÏvert¶ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Adverted; p. pr. & vb. n. Adverting.] [L. advertere, v. t., to turn to; ad + vertere to turn: cf. F. avertir. See Advertise.] To turn the mind or attention; to refer; to take heed or notice; - with to; as, he adverted to what was said. I may again advert to the distinction. Owen. Syn.- To refer; allude; regard. See Refer. AdÏvert¶ence (?), AdÏvert¶enÏcy (?), } [OF. advertence, avertence, LL. advertentia, fr. L. advertens. See Advertent.] The act of adverting, of the quality of being advertent; attention; notice; regard; heedfulness. To this difference it is right that advertence should be had in regulating taxation. J. S. Mill. AdÏvert¶ent (?), a. [L. advertens, Ïentis, p. pr. of advertere. See Advert.] Attentive; heedful; regardful. Sir M. Hale. Ð AdÏvert¶entÏly, adv. Ad·verÏtise¶ (?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advertised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Advertising (?).] [F. avertir, formerly also spelt advertir, to warn, give notice to, L. advertere to turn to. The ending was probably influenced by the noun advertisement. See Advert.] To give notice to; to inform or apprise; to notify; to make known; hence, to warn; - often followed by of before the subject of information; as, to advertise a man of his loss. [Archaic] I will advertise thee what this people shall do. Num. xxiv. 14. 4. To give public notice of; to announce publicly, esp. by a printed notice; as, to advertise goods for sale, a lost article, the sailing day of a vessel, a political meeting. Syn. - To apprise; inform; make known; notify; announce; proclaim; promulgate; publish. AdÏver¶tiseÏment (?; 277), n. [F.avertisement, formerly also spelled advertissement, a warning, giving notice, fr. avertir.] 1. The act of informing or notifying; notification. [Archaic] An advertisement of danger. Bp. Burnet. 2. Admonition; advice; warning. [Obs.] Therefore give me no counsel: My griefs cry louder than advertisement. Shak. 3. A public notice, especially a paid notice in some public print; anything that advertises; as, a newspaper containing many advertisement. Ad·verÏtis¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, advertises. AdÏvice¶ (?), n. [OE. avis, F. avis; ? + OF. vis, fr. L. visum seemed, seen; really p. p. of videre to see, so that vis meant that which has seemed best. See Vision, and cf. Avise, Advise.] 1. An opinion recommended or offered, as worthy to be followed; counsel. We may give advice, but we can not give conduct. Franklin. 2. Deliberate consideration; knowledge. [Obs.] How shall I dote on her with more advice, That thus without advice begin to love her? Shak. 3. Information or notice given; intelligence; as, late advices from France; - commonly in the plural. µ In commercial language, advice usually means information communicated by letter; - used chiefly in reference to drafts or bills of exchange; as, a letter of advice. McElrath. 4. (Crim. Law) Counseling to perform a specific illegal act. Wharton. ÷ boat, a vessel employed to carry dispatches or to reconnoiter; a dispatch boat. Ð To take ~. (a) To accept advice. (b) To consult with another or others. Syn. - Counsel; suggestion; recommendation; admonition; exhortation; information; notice. AdÏvis·aÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality of being advisable; advisableness. AdÏvis¶aÏble (?), a. 1. Proper to be advised or to be done; expedient; prudent. Some judge it advisable for a man to account with his heart every day. South. 2. Ready to receive advice. [R.] South. Syn. - Expedient; proper; desirable; befitting. AdÏvis¶aÏbleÏness, n. The quality of being advisable or expedient; expediency; advisability. AdÏvis¶aÏbly, adv. With advice; wisely. AdÏvise¶ (?), v. t.[imp. & p. p. Advised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Advising (?).] [OE. avisen to perceive, consider, inform, F. aviser, fr. LL. advisare. advisare; ad + visare, fr. L. videre, visum, to see. See Advice, and cf. Avise.] 1. To give advice to; to offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed; to counsel; to warn. ½I shall no more advise thee.¸ Milton. 2. To give information or notice to; to inform; - with of before the thing communicated; as, we were advised of the risk. To ~ one's self, to bethink one's self; to take counsel with one's self; to reflect; to consider. [Obs.] Bid thy master well advise himself. Shak. Syn. - To counsel; admonish; apprise; acquaint. AdÏvise¶, v. t. 1. To consider; to deliberate. [Obs.] Advise if this be worth attempting. Milton. 2. To take counsel; to consult; - followed by with; as, to advise with friends. AdÏvis¶edÏly (?), adv. 1. Circumspectly; deliberately; leisurely. [Obs.] Shak. 2. With deliberate purpose; purposely; by design. ½ ½Advisedly undertaken.¸ Suckling. AdÏvise¶ment (?), n. [OE. avisement, F. avisement, fr. aviser. See Advise, and cf. Avisement.] 1. Counsel; advise; information. [Archaic] And mused awhile, waking advisement takes of what had passed in sleep. Daniel. 2. Consideration; deliberation; consultation. Tempering the passion with advisement slow. Spenser. AdÏvis¶er (?), n. One who advises. AdÏvis¶erÏship, n. The office of an adviser. [R.] AdÏvi¶so (?), n. [Cf. Sp. aviso. See Advice.] Advice; counsel; suggestion; also, a dispatch or advice boat. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AdÏvi¶soÏry (?), a. Having power to advise; containing advice; as, an advisory council; their opinion is merely advisory. The General Association has a general advisory superintendence over all the ministers and churches. Trumbull. Ad¶voÏcaÏcy (?), n. [OF. advocatie, LL. advocatia. See Advocate.] The act of pleading for or supporting; work of advocating; intercession. Ad¶voÏcate (?), n. [OE. avocat, avocet, OF. avocat, fr. L. advocatus, one summoned or called to another; properly the p. p. of advocare to call to, call to one's aid; ad + vocare to call. See Advowee, Avowee, Vocal.] 1. One who pleads the cause of another. Specifically: One who pleads the cause of another before a tribunal or judicial court; a counselor. µ In the English and American Law, advocate is the same as ½counsel,¸ ½counselor,¸ or ½barrister.¸ In the civil and ecclesiastical courts, the term signifies the same as ½counsel¸ at the common law. 2. One who defends, vindicates, or espouses any cause by argument; a pleader; as, an advocate of free trade, an advocate of truth. 3. Christ, considered as an intercessor. We have an Advocate with the Father. 1 John ii. 1. Faculty of advocates (Scot.), the Scottish bar in Edinburgh. Ð Lord ~ (Scot.), the public prosecutor of crimes, and principal crown lawyer. Ð Judge ~. See under Judge. Ad¶voÏcate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Advocated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Advocating (?).] [See Advocate, n., Advoke, Avow.] To plead in favor of; to defend by argument, before a tribunal or the public; to support, vindicate, or recommend publicly. To advocate the cause of thy client. Bp. Sanderson (1624). This is the only thing distinct and sensible, that has been advocated. Burke. Eminent orators were engaged to advocate his cause. Mitford. Ad¶voÏcate, v. i. To act as ~. [Obs.] Fuller. Ad¶voÏcateÏship, n. Office or duty of an advocate. Ad·voÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. advocatio: cf. OF. avocation. See Advowson.] 1. The act of advocating or pleading; plea; advocacy. [Archaic] The holy Jesus... sits in heaven in a perpetual advocation for us. Jer. Taylor. 2. Advowson. [Obs.] The donations or advocations of church livings. Sanderson. 3. (Scots Law) The process of removing a cause from an inferior court to the supreme court. Bell. Ad¶voÏcaÏtoÏry (?), a. Of or pertaining to an advocate. [R.] AdÏvoke¶ (?), v. t. [L. advocare. See Advocate.] To summon; to call. [Obs.] Queen Katharine had privately prevailed with the pope to advoke the cause to Rome. Fuller. Ad·voÏlu¶tion (?), n. [L. advolvere, advolutum, to roll to.] A rolling toward something. [R.] AdÏvou¶trer (?), n. [OF. avoutre, avoltre, fr. L. adulter. Cf. Adulterer.] An adulterer. [Obs.] AdÏvou¶tress (?), n. An adulteress. [Obs.] Bacon. AdÏvou¶try, AdÏvow¶try } (?), n. [OE. avoutrie, avouterie, advoutrie, OF. avoutrie, avulterie, fr. L. adulterium. Cf. Adultery.] Adultery. [Obs.] Bacon. AdÏvowÏee¶ (?), n. [OE. avowe, F. avou‚, fr. L. advocatus. See Advocate, Avowee, Avoyer.] One who has an advowson. Cowell. AdÏvow¶son (?; 277), n. [OE. avoweisoun, OF. avo‰son, fr. L. advocatio. Cf. Advocation.] (Eng. Law) The right of presenting to a vacant benefice or living in the church. [Originally, the relation of a patron (advocatus) or protector of a benefice, and thus privileged to nominate or present to it.] µ The benefices of the Church of England are in every case subjects of presentation. They are nearly 12,000 in number; the advowson of more than half of them belongs to private persons, and of the remainder to the crown, bishops, deans and chapters, universities, and colleges. Amer. Cyc. AdÏvoy¶er (?), n. See Avoyer. [Obs.] AdÏward¶ (?), n. Award. [Obs.] Spenser. Ø Ad·yÏna¶miÏa (?), n. [NL. adynamia, fr. Gr. ? want of strength; ? priv + ? power, strength.] (Med.) Considerable debility of the vital powers, as in typhoid fever. Dunglison. Ad·yÏnam¶ic (?), a. [Cf. F. adynamique. See Adynamy.] 1. (Med.) Pertaining to, or characterized by, debility of the vital powers; weak. 2. (Physics) Characterized by the absence of power or force. ÷ fevers, malignant or putrid fevers attended with great muscular debility. AÏdyn¶aÏmy (?), n. Adynamia. [R.] Morin. Ø Ad¶yÏtum (?), n.; pl. Adyta (?). [L., fr. Gr. ?, n., fr. ?, a., not to be entered; ? priv. + ? to enter.] The innermost sanctuary or shrine in ancient temples, whence oracles were given. Hence: A private chamber; a sanctum. Adz, Adze } (?), n. [OE. adese, adis, adse, AS. adesa, adese, ax, hatchet.] A carpenter's or cooper's tool, formed with a thin arching blade set at right angles to the handle. It is used for chipping or slicing away the surface of wood. Adz, v. t. To cut with an ~. [R.] Carlyle. ’ or Ae. A diphthong in the Latin language; used also by the Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. ?. The AngloÐSaxon short ‘ was generally replaced by a, the long ? by e or ee. In derivatives from Latin words with ae, it is mostly superseded by e. For most words found with this initial combination, the reader will therefore search under the letter E. Ø ’Ïcid¶iÏum (?), n.; pl. ’cidia (?). [NL., dim. of Gr. ? injury.] (Bot.) A form of fruit in the cycle of development of the Rusts or Brands, an order of fungi, formerly considered independent plants. ’¶dile (?), n. [L. aedilis, fr. aedes temple, public building. Cf. Edify.] A magistrate in ancient Rome, who had the superintendence of public buildings, highways, shows, etc.; hence, a municipal officer. ’¶dileÏship, n. The office of an ‘dile. T. Arnold. ’Ïge¶an (?), a. [L. Aegeus; Gr. ?.] Of or pertaining to the sea, or arm of the Mediterranean sea, east of Greece. See Archipelago. Ø ’·giÏcra¶niÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. ?, ?, goat + ?, n. pl., heads.] (Arch.) Sculptured ornaments, used in classical architecture, representing rams' heads or skulls. ’g¶iÏlops (?), n. [L. aegilopis, Gr. ?, fr. ?, gen. ?, goat + ? eye.] 1. (Med.) An ulcer or fistula in the inner corner of the eye. 2. (Bot.) (a) The great wildÐoat grass or other cornfield weed. Crabb. (b) A genus of plants, called also hardgrass. Ø ’¶gis (?), n. [L. aegis, fr. Gr. ? a goat skin, a shield, ? goat, or fr. ? to rush.] A shield or protective armor; Ð applied in mythology to the shield of Jupiter which he gave to Minerva. Also fig.: A shield; a protection. ’Ïgoph¶oÏny (?), n. Same as Egophony. Ø ’Ïgro¶tat (?), n. [L., he is sick.] (Camb. Univ.) A medical certificate that a student is ill. ’Ïne¶id (?), n. [L. Aeneis, Aeneidis, or Ïdos: cf. F. ?n‚de.] The great epic poem of Virgil, of which the hero is ’neas. Aω¶neÏous (?), a. [L. a‰neus.] (Zo”l.) Colored like bronze. ’Ïo¶liÏan (?), a. [L. Aeolius, Gr. ?.] 1. Of or pertaining to ’olia or ’olis, in Asia Minor, colonized by the Greeks, or to its inhabitants; ‘olic; as, the ’olian dialect. 2. Pertaining to ’olus, the mythic god of the winds; pertaining to, or produced by, the wind; a‰rial. Viewless forms the ‘olian organ play. Campbell. ’olian attachment, a contrivance often attached to a pianoforte, which prolongs the vibrations, increases the

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volume of sound, etc., by forcing a stream of air upon the strings. Moore. Ð ’olian harp, ’olian lyre, a musical instrument consisting of a box, on or in which are stretched strings, on which the wind acts to produce the notes; Ð usually placed at an open window. Moore. Ð ’olian mode (Mus.), one of the ancient Greek and early ecclesiastical modes. ’Ïol¶ic (?), a. [L. Aeolicus; Gr. ?.] ’olian, 1; as, the ’olic dialect; the ’olic mode. ’Ïol¶iÏpile, ’Ïol¶iÏpyle } (?), n. [L. aeolipilae; Aeolus god of the winds + pila a ball, or Gr. ? gate (i. e., doorway of ’olus); cf. F. ‚olipyle.] An apparatus consisting chiefly of a closed vessel (as a globe or cylinder) with one or more projecting bent tubes, through which steam is made to pass from the vessel, causing it to revolve. [Written also eolipile.] µ Such an apparatus was first described by Hero of Alexandria about 200 years b. c. It has often been called the first steam engine. ’·oÏloÏtrop¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? changeful + ? a turning, ? to turn.] (Physics) Exhibiting differences of quality or property in different directions; not isotropic. Sir W. Thomson. ’·oÏlot¶roÏpy (?), n. (Physics) Difference of quality or property in different directions. Ø ’¶oÏlus (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ?.] (Gr. & Rom. Myth.) The god of the winds. ’¶on (?), n. A period of immeasurable duration; also, an emanation of the Deity. See Eon. ’Ïo¶niÏan (?), a. [Gr. ?.] Eternal; everlasting. ½’onian hills.¸ Tennyson. Ø ’·pyÏor¶nis (?), n. [Gr. ? high + ? bird.] A gigantic bird found fossil in Madagascar. A¶‰rÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. A?rated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. A?rating (?).] [Cf. F. a‚rer. See Air,v. t.] 1. To combine or charge with gas; usually with carbonic acid gas, formerly called fixed air. His sparkling sallies bubbled up as from a‰rated natural fountains. Carlyle. 2. To supply or impregnate with common air; as, to a‰rate soil; to a‰rate water. 3. (Physiol.) To expose to the chemical action of air; to oxygenate (the blood) by respiration; to arterialize. A‰rated bread, bread raised by charging dough with carbonic acid gas, instead of generating the gas in the dough by fermentation. A·‰rÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. a‚ration.] 1. Exposure to the free action of the air; airing; as, a‰ration of soil, of spawn, etc. 2. (Physiol.) A change produced in the blood by exposure to the air in respiration; oxygenation of the blood in respiration; arterialization. 3. The act or preparation of charging with carbonic acid gas or with oxygen. A¶‰rÏa·tor (?), n. That which supplies with air; esp. an apparatus used for charging mineral waters with gas and in making soda water. Aω¶riÏal (?), a. [L. a‰rius. See Air.] 1. Of or pertaining to the air, or atmosphere; inhabiting or frequenting the air; produced by or found in the air; performed in the air; as, a‰rial regions or currents. ½A‰rial spirits.¸ Milton. ½A‰rial voyages.¸ Darwin. 2. Consisting of air; resembling, or partaking of the nature of air. Hence: Unsubstantial; unreal. 3. Rising aloft in air; high; lofty; as, a‰rial spires. 4. Growing, forming, or existing in the air, as opposed to growing or existing in earth or water, or underground; as, a‰rial rootlets, a‰rial plants. Gray. 5. Light as air; ethereal. ÷ acid, carbonic acid. [Obs.] Ure. Ð ÷ perspective. See Perspective. Aω·riÏal¶iÏty (?), n. The state of being a‰rial; ?nsubstantiality. [R.] De Quincey. Aω¶riÏalÏly (?), adv. Like, or from, the air; in an a‰rial manner. ½A murmur heard a‰rially.¸ Tennyson. Ae¶rie (?; 277), n. [OE. aire, eire, air, nest, also origin, descent, OF. aire, LL. area, aera, nest of a bird of prey, perh. fr. L. area an open space (for birds of prey like to build their nests on flat and open spaces on the top of high rocks). Cf. Area.] The nest of a bird of prey, as of an eagle or hawk; also a brood of such birds; eyrie. Shak. Also fig.: A human residence or resting place perched like an eagle's nest. A·‰rÏif¶erÏous (?), a. [L. a‰r air + Ïferous: cf. F. a‚rifŠre.] Conveying or containing air; airÐbearing; as, the windpipe is an a‰riferous tube. A·‰rÏiÏfiÏca¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. a‚rification. See A?rify.] 1. The act of combining air with another substance, or the state of being filled with air. 2. The act of becoming a‰rified, or of changing from a solid or liquid form into an a‰riform state; the state of being a‰riform. A¶‰rÏiÏform (?; 277), a. [L. a‰r air + Ïform: cf. F. a‚riforme.] Having the form or nature of air, or of an elastic fluid; gaseous. Hence fig.: Unreal. A¶‰rÏiÏfy (?), v. t. [L. a‰r air + Ïfly.] 1. To infuse air into; to combine air with. 2. To change into an a‰riform state. A¶‰rÏoÏ. [Gr. ?, ?, air.] The combining form of the Greek word meaning air. A¶‰rÏoÏbies (?), n. pl. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? life.] (Biol.) Micro?rganisms which live in contact with the air and need oxygen for their growth; as the microbacteria which form on the surface of putrefactive fluids. A·‰rÏoÏbiÏot¶ic (?; 101), a. (Biol.) Related to, or of the nature of, a‰robies; as, a‰robiotic plants, which live only when supplied with free oxygen. A¶‰rÏcyst (?), n. [A‰roÏ + cyst.] (Bot.) One of the air cells of algals. A¶‰rÏoÏdyÏnam¶ic (?), a. Pertaining to the force of air in motion. A·‰rÏoÏdyÏnam¶ics (?), n. [A‰roÏ + dynamics: cf. F. a‚rodynamique.] The science which treats of the air and other gaseous bodies under the action of force, and of their mechanical effects. A·‰rÏog¶noÏsy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? knowing, knowledge: cf. F. a‚rognosie.] The science which treats of the properties of the air, and of the part it plays in nature. Craig. A·‰rÏog¶raÏpher (?), n. One versed in a‰ography: an a‰rologist. A·‰rÏoÏgraph¶ic (?), A·‰rÏoÏgraph¶icÏal (?), } a. Pertaining to a‰rography; a‰rological. A·‰rÏog¶raÏphy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïgraphy: cf. F. a‚rographie.] A description of the air or atmosphere; a‰rology. A·‰rÏoÏhy·droÏdyÏnam¶ic (?), a. [A‰roÏ + hydrodynamic.] Acting by the force of air and water; as, an a‰rohydrodynamic wheel. A¶‰rÏoÏlite (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïlite: cf. F. a‚rolithe.] (Meteor.) A stone, or metallic mass, which has fallen to the earth from distant space; a meteorite; a meteoric stone. µ Some writers limit the word to stony meteorites. A¶‰rÏoÏlith (?), n. Same as A?rolite. A·‰rÏoÏliÏthol¶oÏgy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + lithology.] The science of a‰rolites. A·‰rÏoÏlit¶ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to a‰rolites; meteoric; as, a‰rolitic iron. Booth. A·‰rÏoÏlog¶ic (?), A·‰rÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or pertaining to a‰rology. A·‰rÏol¶oÏgist (?), n. One versed in a‰rology. A·‰rÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïlogy: cf. F. a‚rologie.] That department of physics which treats of the atmosphere. A¶‰rÏoÏman·cy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïmancy: cf. F. a‚romancie.] Divination from the state of the air or from atmospheric substances; also, forecasting changes in the weather. A·‰rÏom¶eÏter (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïmeter: cf. F. a‚romŠtre.] An instrument for ascertaining the weight or density of air and gases. A·‰rÏoÏmet¶ric (?), a. Of or pertaining to a‰rometry; as, a‰rometric investigations. A·‰rÏom¶eÏtry (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Ïmetry: cf. F. a‚rom‚trie.] The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics. A¶‰rÏoÏnaut (?; 277), n. [F. a‚ronaute, fr. Gr. ? air + ? sailor. See Nautical.] An a‰rial navigator; a balloonist. A·‰rÏoÏnaut¶ic (?), A·‰rÏoÏnaut¶icÏal (?), } a. [Cf. F. a‚ronauitique.] Pertaining to a‰ronautics, or a‰rial sailing. A·‰rÏoÏnaut¶ics (?), n. The science or art of ascending and sailing in the air, as by means of a balloon; a‰rial navigation; ballooning. Ø A·‰rÏoÏpho¶biÏa (?), A·‰rÏoph¶oÏby (?), } n. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? fear: cf. F. a‚rophobie.] (Med.) Dread of a current of air. A¶‰rÏoÏphyte (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? plant, ? to grow: cf. F. a‚rophyte.] (Bot.) A plant growing entirely in the air, and receiving its nourishment from it; an air plant or epiphyte. A¶‰rÏoÏplane· (?), n. [A‰roÏ + plane.] A flying machine, or a small plane for experiments on flying, which floats in the air only when propelled through it. A¶‰rÏoÏscope (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? to look out.] (Biol.) An apparatus designed for collecting spores, germs, bacteria, etc., suspended in the air. A·‰rÏos¶coÏpy (?), n. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ? a looking out; ? to spy out.] The observation of the state and variations of the atmosphere. ’Ïrose¶ (?), a. [L. aerosus, fr. aes, aeris, brass, copper.] Of the nature of, or like, copper; brassy. [R.] A·‰rÏoÏsid¶erÏite (?), n. [A‰roÏ + siderite.] (Meteor.) A mass of meteoric iron. A¶‰rÏoÏsphere (?), n. [A‰roÏ + sphere: cf. F. a‚rosphŠre.] The atmosphere. [R.] A¶‰rÏoÏstat (?), n. [F. a‚rostat, fr. Gr. ? air + ? placed. See Statics.] 1. A balloon. 2. A balloonist; an a‰ronaut. A·‰rÏoÏstat¶ic (?), A·‰rÏoÏstat¶icÏal (?), } a. [A‰roÏ + Gr. ?: cf. F. a‚rostatique. See Statical, Statics.] 1. Of or pertaining to a‰rostatics; pneumatic. 2. A‰ronautic; as, an a‰rostatic voyage. A·‰rÏoÏstat¶ics (?), n. The science that treats of the equilibrium of elastic fluids, or that of bodies sustained in them. Hence it includes a‰ronautics. A·‰rÏosÏta¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. a‚rostation the art of using a‰rostats.] 1. A‰rial navigation; the art of raising and guiding balloons in the air. 2. The science of weighing air; a‰rostatics. [Obs.] ’Ïru¶giÏnous (?), a. [L. aeruginosus, fr. aerugo rust of copper, fr. aes copper: cf. F. ‚rugineux.] Of the nature or color of verdigris, or the rust of copper. Ø ’Ïru¶go (?), n. [L. aes brass, copper.] The rust of any metal, esp. of brass or copper; verdigris. Ae¶ry (?), n. An aerie. A¶‰rÏy (?), a. [See Air.] A‰rial; ethereal; incorporeal; visionary. [Poetic] M. Arnold. ’s·cuÏla¶piÏan (?), a. Pertaining to ’sculapius or to the healing art; medical; medicinal. ’s·cuÏla¶piÏus (?), n. [L. Aesculapius, Gr. ?.] (Myth.) The god of medicine. Hence, a physician. ’s¶cuÏlin (?), n. Same as Esculin. ’Ïso¶piÏan, EÏso¶piÏan (?), a. [L. Aesopius, from Gr. ?, fr. the famous Greek fabulist ’sop (?).] Of or pertaining to ’sop, or in his manner. ’Ïsop¶ic, EÏsop¶ic (?), a. [L. Aesopicus, Gr. ?.] Same as ’sopian. Ø ’sÏthe¶siÏa (?), n. [Gr. ? sensation, fr. ? to perceive.] (Physiol.) Perception by the senses; feeling; Ð the opposite of an‘sthesia. ’aÏthe·siÏom¶eÏter, EsÏthe·siÏom¶eÏter (?), n. [Gr. ? (see ’sthesia) + Ïmeter.] An instrument to measure the degree of sensation, by determining at how short a distance two impressions upon the skin can be distinguished, and thus to determine whether the condition of tactile sensibility is normal or altered. Ø ’sÏthe¶¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ?.] Sensuous perception. [R.] Ruskin. ’s·theÏsod¶ic (?), a. [Gr. ? sensation + ? a way; cf. F. esth‚sodique.] (Physiol.) Conveying sensory or afferent impulses; Ð said of nerves. ’s¶thete (?), n. [Gr. ? one who perceives.] One who makes much or overmuch of ‘sthetics. [Recent] ’sÏthet¶ic (?), ’sÏthet¶icÏal (?), } a. Of or Pertaining to ‘sthetics; versed in ‘sthetics; as, ‘sthetic studies, emotions, ideas, persons, etc. Ð ’sÏthet¶icÏalÏly, adv. ’s·theÏti¶can (?), n. One versed in ‘sthetics. ’sÏthet¶iÏcism (?), n. The doctrine of ‘sthetics; ‘sthetic principles; devotion to the beautiful in nature and art. Lowell. ’sÏthet¶ics, EsÏthet¶ics (?; 277), n. [Gr. ? perceptive, esp. by feeling, fr. ? to perceive, feel: cf. G. „sthetik, F. esth‚tique.] The theory or philosophy of taste; the science of the beautiful in nature and art; esp. that which treats of the expression and embodiment of beauty by art. ’s·thoÐphys·iÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [Gr. ? to perceive + E. physiology.] The science of sensation in relation to nervous action. H. Spenser. ’s¶tiÏval (?), a. [L. aestivalis, aestivus, fr. aestas summer.] Of or belonging to the summer; as, ‘stival diseases. [Spelt also estival.] ’s¶tiÏvate (?), v. i. [L. aestivare, aestivatum.] 1. To spend the summer. 2. (Zo”l.) To pass the summer in a state of torpor. [Spelt also estivate.] ’s·tiÏva¶tion (?), n. 1. (Zo”l.) The state of torpidity induced by the heat and dryness of summer, as in certain snails; Ð opposed to hibernation. 2. (Bot.) The arrangement of the petals in a flower bud, as to folding, overlapping, etc.; prefloration. Gray. [Spelt also estivation.] ’s¶tuÏaÏry (?; 135), n. & a. See Estuary. ’s¶tuÏous (?), a. [L. aestuosus, fr. aestus fire, glow.] Glowing; agitated, as with heat. Aω·theÏog¶aÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? unusual (? priv. + ? custom) + ? marriage.] (Bot.) Propagated in an unusual way; cryptogamous. ’¶ther (?), n. See Ether. ’¶thiÏops min¶erÏal (?). (Chem.) Same as Ethiops mineral. [Obs.] ’th¶oÏgen (?), n. [Gr. ? fire, light + Ïgen.] (Chem.) A compound of nitrogen and boro?, which, when heated before the blowpipe, gives a brilliant phosphorescent; boric nitride. ’¶thriÏoÏscope (?), n. [Gr. ? clear + ? to observe.] An instrument consisting in part of a differential thermometer. It is used for measuring changes of temperature produced by different conditions of the sky, as when clear or clouded. ’·tiÏoÏlog¶icÏal (?), a. Pertaining to ‘tiology; assigning a cause. Ð ’·tiÏoÏlog¶icÏalÏly, adv. ’·tiÏol¶oÏgy (?), n. [L. aetologia, Gr. ?; ? cause + ? description: cf. F. ‚tiologie.] 1. The science, doctrine, or demonstration of causes; esp., the investigation of the causes of any disease; the science of the origin and development of things. 2. The assignment of a cause. Ø A·‰Ïti¶tes (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?) stone, fr. ? eagle.] See Eaglestone. AÏfar¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ.(for on or of) + far.] At, to, or from a great distance; far away; Ð often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. The steep where Fame's proud temple shines afar. Beattie. AÏfeard¶ (?), p. a. [OE. afered, AS. ¾f?red, p. p. of ¾f?ran to frighten; ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, Ger. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + f?ran to frighten. See Fear.] Afraid. [Obs. Sometimes heard from the uneducated.] Be not afeard; the isle is full of noises. Shak. Ø A¶fer (?), n. [L.] The southwest wind. Milton. Af·faÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. [L. affabilitas: cf. F. affabilit‚.] The quality of being affable; readiness to converse; courteousness in receiving others and in conversation; complaisant behavior. Affability is of a wonderful efficacy or power in procuring love. Elyot Af¶faÏble (?), a. [F. affable, L. affabilis, fr. affari to speak to; ad + fari to speak. See Fable.] 1. Easy to be spoken to or addressed; receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; courteous; sociable. An affable and courteous gentleman. Shak. His manners polite and affable. Macaulay. 2. Gracious; mild; benign. A serene and affable countenance. Tatler. Syn. Ð Courteous; civil; complaisant; accessible; mild; benign; condescending. Af¶faÏbleÏness, n. Affability. Af¶faÏbly, adv. In an affable manner; courteously.

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Af¶faÏbrous (?), a. [L. affaber workmanlike; ad + faber.] Executed in a workmanlike manner; ingeniously made. [R.] Bailey. AfÏfair¶ (?), n. [OE. afere, affere, OF. afaire, F. affaire, fr. a faire to do; L.. ad + facere to do. See Fact, and cf. Ado.] 1. That which is done or is to be done; matter; concern; as, a difficult affair to manage; business of any kind, commercial, professional, or public; Ð often in the plural. ½At the head of affairs.¸ Junius. ½A talent for affairs.¸ Prescott. 2. Any proceeding or action which it is wished to refer to or characterize vaguely; as, an affair of honor, i. e., a duel; an affair of love, i. e., an intrigue. 3. (Mil.) An action or engagement not of sufficient magnitude to be called a battle. 4. Action; endeavor. [Obs.] And with his best affair Obeyed the pleasure of the Sun. Chapman. 5. A material object (vaguely designated). A certain affair of fine red cloth much worn and faded. Hawthorne. AfÏfam¶ish (?), v. t. & i. [F. affamer, fr. L. ad + fames hunger. See Famish.] To afflict with, or perish from, hunger. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfam¶ishÏment (?), n. Starvation. Bp. Hall. AfÏfat¶uÏate (?), v. t. [L. ad + fatuus foolish.] To infatuate. [Obs.] Milton. AfÏfear¶ (?), v. t. [OE. aferen, AS. ¾f?ran. See Afeard.] To frighten. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfect¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affected; p. pr. & vb. n. Affecting.] [L. affectus, p. p. of afficere to affect by active agency; ad + facere to make: cf. F. affectere, L. affectare, freq. of afficere. See Fact.] 1. To act upon; to produce an effect or change upon. As might affect the earth with cold heat. Milton. The climate affected their health and spirits. Macaulay. 2. To influence or move, as the feelings or passions; to touch. A consideration of the rationale of our passions seems to me very necessary for all who would affect them upon solid and pure principles. 3. To love; to regard with affection. [Obs.] As for Queen Katharine, he rather respected than affected, rather honored than loved, her. Fuller. 4. To show a fondness for; to like to use or practice; to choose; hence, to frequent habitually. For he does neither affect company, nor is he fit for ?t, indeed. Shak. Do not affect the society of your inferiors in rank, nor court that of the great. Hazlitt. 5. To dispose or incline. Men whom they thought best affected to religion and their country's liberty. Milton. 6. To aim at; to aspire; to covet. [Obs.] This proud man affects imperial ?way. Dryden. 7. To tend to by affinity or disposition. The drops of every fluid affect a round figure. Newton. 8. To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume; as, to affect ignorance. Careless she is with artful care, Affecting to seem unaffected. Congreve. Thou dost affect my manners. Shak. 9. To assign; to appoint. [R.] One of the domestics was affected to his special service. Thackeray. Syn. Ð To influence; operate; act on; concern; move; melt; soften; subdue; overcome; pretend; assume. AfÏfect¶, n. [L. affectus.] Affection; inclination; passion; feeling; disposition. [Obs.] Shak. Af·fecÏta¶tion (?), n. [L. affectatio: cf. F. affectation.] 1. An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show. ½An affectation of contempt.¸ Macaulay. Affectation is an awkward and forced imitation of what should be genuine and easy, wanting the beauty that accompanies what is natural what is natural. Locke. 2. A striving after. [Obs.] Bp. Pearson. 3. Fondness; affection. [Obs.] Hooker. Af·fecÏta¶tionÏist, n. One who exhibits affectation. [R.] Fitzed. Hall. AfÏfect¶ed (?), p. p. & a. 1. Regarded with affection; beloved. [Obs.] His affected Hercules. Chapman. 2. Inclined; disposed; attached. How stand you affected his wish? Shak. 3. Given to false show; assuming or pretending to posses what is not natural or real. He is... too spruce, too affected, too odd. Shak. 4. Assumed artificially; not natural. Affected coldness and indifference. Addison. 5. (Alg.) Made up of terms involving different powers of the unknown quantity; adfected; as, an affected equation. AfÏfect¶edÏly, adv. 1. In an affected manner; hypocritically; with more show than reality. 2. Lovingly; with tender care. [Obs.] Shak. AfÏfect¶edÏness, n. Affectation. AfÏfect¶er (?), n. One who affects, assumes, pretends, or strives after. ½Affecters of wit.¸ Abp. Secker. AfÏfect·iÏbil¶iÏty (?), n. The quality or state of being affectible. [R.] AfÏfect¶iÏbl? (?), a. That may be affected. [R.] Lay aside the absolute, and, by union with the creaturely, become affectible. Coleridge. AfÏfect¶ing, a. 1. Moving the emotions; fitted to excite the emotions; pathetic; touching; as, an affecting address; an affecting sight. The most affecting music is generally the most simple. Mitford. 2. Affected; given to false show. [Obs.] A drawling; affecting rouge. Shak. AfÏfect¶ingÏly (?), adv. In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions. AfÏfec¶tion (?), n. [F. affection, L. affectio, fr. afficere. See Affect.] 1. The act of affecting or acting upon; the state of being affected. 2. An attribute; a quality or property; a condition; a bodily state; as, figure, weight, etc., are affections of bodies. ½The affections of quantity.¸ Boyle. And, truly, waking dreams were, more or less, An old and strange affection of the house. Tennyson. 3. Bent of mind; a feeling or natural impulse or natural impulse acting upon and swaying the mind; any emotion; as, the benevolent affections, esteem, gratitude, etc.; the malevolent affections, hatred, envy, etc.; inclination; disposition; propensity; tendency. Affection is applicable to an unpleasant as well as a pleasant state of the mind, when impressed by any object or quality. Cogan. 4. A settled good will; kind feeling; love; zealous or tender attachment; Ð often in the pl. Formerly followed by to, but now more generally by for or towards; as, filial, social, or conjugal affections; to have an affection for or towards children. All his affections are set on his own country. Macaulay. 5. Prejudice; bias. [Obs.] Bp. Aylmer. 6. (Med.) Disease; morbid symptom; malady; as, a pulmonary affection. Dunglison. 7. The lively representation of any emotion. Wotton. 8. Affectation. [Obs.] ½Spruce affection.¸ Shak. 9. Passion; violent emotion. [Obs.] Most wretched man, That to affections does the bridle lend. Spenser. Syn. Ð Attachment; passion; tenderness; fondness; kindness; love; good will. See Attachment; Disease. AdÏfec¶tionÏal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the affections; as, affectional impulses; an affectional nature. AfÏfec¶tionÏate (?), a. [Cf. F. affectionn‚.] 1. Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond; as, an affectionate brother. 2. Kindly inclined; zealous. [Obs.] Johson. Man, in his love God, and desire to please him, can never be too affectionate. Sprat. 3. Proceeding from affection; indicating love; tender; as, the affectionate care of a parent; affectionate countenance, message, language. 4. Strongly inclined; Ð with to. [Obs.] Bacon. Syn. Ð Tender; attached; loving; devoted; warm; fond; earnest; ardent. AfÏfec¶tionÏa·ted, a. Disposed; inclined. [Obs.] Affectionated to the people. Holinshed. AfÏfec¶tionÏateÏly, adv. With affection; lovingly; fondly; tenderly; kindly. AfÏfec¶tionÏateÏness, n. The quality of being affectionate; fondness; affection. AfÏfec¶tioned (?), a. 1. Disposed. [Archaic] Be kindly affectioned one to another. Rom. xii. 10. 2. Affected; conceited. [Obs.] Shak. AfÏfec¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. affectif.] 1. Tending to affect; affecting. [Obs.] Burnet. 2. Pertaining to or exciting emotion; affectional; emotional. Rogers. AfÏfec¶tiveÏly, adv. In an affective manner; impressively; emotionally. AfÏfec¶tuÏous (?; 135), a. [L. affectuous: cf. F. affectueux. See Affect.] Full of passion or emotion; earnest. [Obs.] Ð AfÏfec¶tuÏousÏly, adv. [Obs.] Fabyan. AfÏfeer¶ (?), v. t. [OF. aforer, afeurer, to tax, appraise, assess, fr. L. ad + forum market, court of justice, in LL. also meaning pri??.] 1. To confirm; to assure. [Obs.] ½The title is affeered.¸ Shak. 2. (Old Law) To assess or reduce, as an arbitrary penalty or amercement, to a certain and reasonable sum. Amercements... were affeered by the judges. Blackstone. AfÏfeer¶er (?), AfÏfeer¶or (?), } n. [OF. aforeur, LL. afforator.] (Old Law) One who affeers. Cowell. AfÏfeer¶ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. aforement.] (Old Law) The act of affeering. Blackstone. Af¶ferÏent (?), a. [L. afferens, p. pr. of afferre; ad + ferre to bear.] (Physiol.) Bearing or conducting inwards to a part or organ; Ð opposed to efferent; as, afferent vessels; afferent nerves, which convey sensations from the external organs to the brain. Ø AfÏfet·tuÏo¶so (?), adv. [It.] (Mus.) With feeling. AfÏfi¶ance (?), n. [OE. afiaunce trust, confidence, OF. afiance, fr. afier to trust, fr. LL. affidare to trust; ad + fidare to trust, fr. L. fides faith. See Faith, and cf. Affidavit, Affy, Confidence.] 1. Plighted faith; marriage contract or promise. 2. Trust; reliance; faith; confidence. Such feelings promptly yielded to his habitual affiance in the divine love. Sir J. Stephen. Lancelot, my Lancelot, thou in whom I have Most joy and most affiance. Tennyson. AfÏfi¶ance, v. t. [imp. ? p. p. Affianced (?); p. pr. ? vb. n. Affiancing (?).] [Cf. OF. afiancier, fr. afiance.] 1. To betroth; to pledge one's faith to for marriage, or solemnly promise (one's self or another) in marriage. To me, sad maid, he was affianced. Spenser. 2. To assure by promise. [Obs.] Pope. AfÏfi¶anÏcer (?), n. One who makes a contract of marriage between two persons. AfÏfi¶ant (?), n. [From p. pr. of OF. afier, LL. affidare. See Affidavit.] (Law) One who makes an affidavit. [U. S.] Burrill. Syn. Ð Deponent. See Deponent. Af·fiÏda¶vit (?), n. [LL. affidavit he has made oath, perfect tense of affidare. See Affiance, Affy.] (Law) A sworn statement in writing; a declaration in writing, signed and made upon oath before an authorized magistrate. Bouvier. Burrill. µ It is always made ex parte, and without crossÐexamination, and in this differs from a deposition. It is also applied to written statements made on affirmation. Syn. Ð Deposition. See Deposition. AfÏfile¶ (?), v. t. [OF. afiler, F. affiler, to sharpen; a (L. ad) + fil thread, edge.] To polish. [Obs.] AfÏfil¶iÏaÏble (?), a. Capable of being affiliated to or on, or connected with in origin. AfÏfil¶iÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affiliated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affiliating (?).] [LL. adfiliare, affiliare, to adopt as son; ad + filius son: cf. F. affilier.] 1. To adopt; to receive into a family as a son; hence, to bring or receive into close connection; to ally. Is the soul affiliated to God, or is it estranged and in rebellion? I. Taylor. 2. To fix the paternity of; Ð said of an illegitimate child; as, to affiliate the child to (or on or upon) one man rather than another. 3. To connect in the way of descent; to trace origin to. How do these facts tend to affiliate the faculty of hearing upon the aboriginal vegetative processes? H. Spencer. 4. To attach (to) or unite (with); to receive into a society as a member, and initiate into its mysteries, plans, etc.; Ð followed by to or with. Affiliated societies, societies connected with a central society, or with each other. AfÏfil¶iÏate, v. i. To connect or associate one's self; Ð followed by with; as, they affiliate with no party. AfÏfil·iÏa¶tion (?), n. [F. affiliation, LL. affiliatio.] 1. Adoption; association or reception as a member in or of the same family or society. 2. (Law) The establishment or ascertaining of parentage; the assignment of a child, as a bastard, to its father; filiation. 3. Connection in the way of descent. H. Spencer. AfÏfi¶nal (?), a. [L. affinis.] Related by marriage; from the same source. AfÏfine¶ (?), v. t. [F. affiner to refine; ? (L. ad) + fin fine. See Fine.] To refine. [Obs.] Holland. AfÏfined¶ (?), a. [OF. afin‚ related, p. p., fr. LL. affinare to join, fr. L. affinis neighboring, related to; ad + finis boundary, limit.] Joined in affinity or by any tie. [Obs.] ½All affined and kin.¸ Shak. AfÏfin¶iÏtaÏtive (?), a. Of the nature of affinity. Ð AfÏfin¶iÏtaÏtiveÏly, adv. AfÏfin¶iÏtive, a. Closely connected, as by affinity. AfÏfin¶iÏty (?), n.; pl. Affinities (?). [OF. afinit‚, F. affinit‚, L. affinites, fr. affinis. See Affined.] 1. Relationship by marriage (as between a husband and his wife's blood relations, or between a wife and her husband's blood relations); Ð in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; Ð followed by with, to, or between. Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. 1 Kings iii. 1. 2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages. There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. Sir G. C. Lewis. 2. Companionship; acquaintance. [Obs.] About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. Burton. 4. (Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective ~ or attraction. 5. (Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or highe? groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin. 6. (Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction. AfÏfirm¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affirmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affirming.] [OE. affermen, OF. afermer, F. affirmer, affermir, fr. L. affirmare; ad + firmare to make firm, firmus firm. See Firm.] 1. To make firm; to confirm, or ratify; esp. (Law), to assert or confirm, as a judgment, decree, or order, brought before an appelate court for review. 2. To assert positively; to tell with confidence; to aver; to maintain as true; Ð opposed to deny. Jesus,... whom Paul affirmed to be alive. Acts xxv. 19. 3. (Law) To declare, as a fact, solemnly, under judicial sanction. See Affirmation, 4. Syn. Ð To assert; aver; declare; asseverate; assure; pronounce; protest; avouch; confirm; establish; ratify. Ð To Affirm, Asseverate, Aver, Protest. We affirm when we declare a thing as a fact or a proposition. We asseverate it in a peculiarly earnest manner, or with increased positiveness as what can not be disputed. We aver it, or formally declare it to be true, when we have positive knowledge of it. We protest in a more public manner and with the energy of perfect sincerity. People asseverate in order to produce a conviction of their veracity; they aver when they are peculiarly desirous to be believed; they protest when they wish to free themselves from imputations, or to produce a conviction of their innocence. AfÏfirm¶, v. i. 1. To declare or assert positively. Not that I so affirm, though so it seem To thee, who hast thy dwelling here on earth. Milton. 2. (Law) To make a solemn declaration, before an authorized magistrate or tribunal, under the penalties of perjury; to testify by affirmation. AfÏfirm¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being affirmed, asserted, or declared; Ð followed by of; as, an attribute affirmable of every just man. AfÏfirm¶ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. afermance.] 1. Confirmation; ratification; confirmation of a voidable act. This statute... in affirmance of the common law. Bacon. 2. A strong declaration; affirmation. Cowper.

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AfÏfirm¶ant (?), n. [L. affirmans, Ïantis, p. pr. See Affirm.] 1. One who affirms or asserts. 2. (Law) One who affirms of taking an oath. Af·firÏma¶tion (?), n. [L. affirmatio: cf. F. affirmation.] 1. Confirmation of anything established; ratification; as, the affirmation of a law. Hooker. 2. The act of affirming or asserting as true; assertion; Ð opposed to negation or denial. 3. That which is asserted; an assertion; a positive ?tatement; an averment; as, an affirmation, by the vender, of title to property sold, or of its quality. 4. (Law) A solemn declaration made under the penalties of perjury, by persons who conscientiously decline taking an oath, which declaration is in law equivalent to an oath. Bouvier. AfÏfirm¶aÏtive (?), a. [L. affirmativus: cf. F. affirmatif.] 1. Confirmative; ratifying; as, an act affirmative of common law. 2. That affirms; asserting that the fact is so; declaratory of what exists; answering ½yes¸ to a question; Ð opposed to negative; as, an affirmative answer; an affirmative vote. 3. Positive; dogmatic. [Obs.] J. Taylor. Lysicles was a little by the affirmative air of Crito. Berkeley. 4. (logic) Expressing the agreement of the two terms of a proposition. 5. (Alg.) Positive; Ð a term applied to quantities which are to be added, and opposed to negative, or such as are to be subtracted. AfÏfirm¶aÏtive, n. 1. That which affirms as opposed to that which denies; an ~ proposition; that side of question which affirms or maintains the proposition stated; Ð opposed to negative; as, there were forty votes in the affirmative, and ten in the negative. Whether there are such beings or not, 't is sufficient for my purpose that many have believed the affirmative. Dryden. 2. A word or phrase expressing affirmation or assent; as, yes, that is so, etc. AfÏfirm¶aÏtiveÏly, adv. In an affirmative manner; on the affirmative side of a question; in the affirmative; Ð opposed to negatively. AfÏfirm¶aÏtoÏry (?), a. Giving affirmation; assertive; affirmative. Massey. AfÏfirm¶er (?), n. One who affirms. AfÏfix¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affixed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affixing.] [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See Fix.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or add at the close or end; to append to; to fix to any part of; as, to affix a syllable to a word; to affix a seal to an instrument; to affix one's name to a writing. 2. To fix or fasten in any way; to attach physically. Should they [caterpillars] affix them to the leaves of a plant improper for their food. Ray. 3. To attach, unite, or connect with; as, names affixed to ideas, or ideas affixed to things; to affix a stigma to a person; to affix ridicule or blame to any one. 4. To fix or fasten figuratively; Ð with on or upon; as, eyes affixed upon the ground. [Obs.] Spenser. Syn. Ð To attach; subjoin; connect; annex; unite. Af¶fix (?), n.; pl. Affixes (?). [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F. affixe.] That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix. AfÏfix¶ion (?), n. [L. affixio, fr. affigere.] Affixture. [Obs.] T. Adams. AfÏfix¶ture (?; 135), n. The act of affixing, or the state of being affixed; attachment. AfÏfla¶tion (?), n. [L. afflatus, p. p. of afflare to blow or breathe on; ad + flare to blow.] A blowing or breathing on; inspiration. AfÏfla¶tus (?), n. [L., fr. afflare. See Afflation.] 1. A breath or blast of wind. 2. A divine impartation of knowledge; supernatural impulse; inspiration. A poet writing against his genius will be like a prophet without his afflatus. Spence. AfÏflict¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afflicted; p. pr. & vb. n. Afflicting.] [L. afflictus, p. p. of affigere to cast down, deject; ad + fligere to strike: cf. OF. aflit, afflict, p. p. Cf. Flagellate.] 1. To strike or cast down; to overthrow. [Obs.] ½Reassembling our afflicted powers.¸ Milton. 2. To inflict some great injury or hurt upon, causing continued pain or mental distress; to trouble grievously; to torment. They did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens. Exod. i. 11. That which was the worst now least afflicts me. Milton. 3. To make low or humble. [Obs.] Spenser. Men are apt to prefer a prosperous error before an afflicted truth. Jer. Taylor. Syn. Ð To trouble; grieve; pain; distress; harass; torment; wound; hurt. AfÏflict¶, p. p. & a. [L. afflictus, p. p.] Afflicted. [Obs.] Becon. AfÏflict¶edÏness, n. The state of being afflicted; affliction. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AfÏflict¶er (?), n. One who afflicts. AfÏflict¶ing, a. Grievously painful; distressing; afflictive; as, an afflicting event. Ð AfÏflict¶ingÏly, adv. AfÏflic¶tion (?), n. [F. affliction, L. afflictio, fr. affligere.] 1. The cause of continued pain of body or mind, as sickness, losses, etc.; an instance of grievous distress; a pain or grief. To repay that money will be a biting affliction. Shak. 2. The state of being afflicted; a state of pain, distress, or grief. Some virtues are seen only in affliction. Addison. Syn. Ð Calamity; sorrow; distress; grief; pain; adversity; misery; wretchedness; misfortune; trouble; hardship. Ð Affliction, Sorrow, Grief, Distress. Affliction and sorrow are terms of wide and general application; grief and distress have reference to particular cases. Affliction is the stronger term. The suffering lies deeper in the soul, and usually arises from some powerful cause, such as the loss of what is most dear Ð friends, health, etc. We do not speak of mere sickness or pain as ½an affliction,¸ though one who suffers from either is said to be afflicted; but deprivations of every kind, such as deafness, blindness, loss of limbs, etc., are called afflictions, showing that term applies particularly to prolonged sources of suffering. Sorrow and grief are much alike in meaning, but grief is the stronger term of the two, usually denoting poignant mental suffering for some definite cause, as, grief for the death of a dear friend; sorrow is more reflective, and is tinged with regret, as, the misconduct of a child is looked upon with sorrow. Grief is often violent and demonstrative; sorrow deep and brooding. Distress implies extreme suffering, either bodily or mental. In its higher stages, it denotes pain of a restless, agitating kind, and almost always supposes some struggle of mind or body. Affliction is allayed, grief subsides, sorrow is soothed, distress is mitigated. AfÏflic¶tionÏless (?), a. Free from affliction. AfÏflic¶tive (?), a. [Cf. F. afflictif.] Giving pain; causing continued or repeated pain or grief; distressing. ½Jove's afflictive hand.¸ Pope. Spreads slow disease, and darts afflictive pain. Prior. AfÏflic¶tiveÏly, adv. In an afflictive manner. Af¶fluÏence (?), n. [F. affluence, L. affluentia, fr. affluens, p. pr. of affluere to flow to; ad + fluere to flow. See Flux.] 1. A flowing to or towards; a concourse; an influx. The affluence of young nobles from hence into Spain. Wotton. There is an unusual affluence of strangers this year. Carlyle. 2. An abundant supply, as of thought, words, feelings, etc.; profusion; also, abundance of property; wealth. And old age of elegance, affluence, and ease. Coldsmith. Syn. Ð Abundance; riches; profusion; exuberance; plenty; wealth; opulence. Af¶fluÏenÏcy (?), n. Affluence. [Obs.] Addison. Af¶fluÏent (?), a. [Cf. F. affluent, L. affluens, Ïentis, p. pr. See Affluence.] 1. Flowing to; flowing abundantly. ½Affluent blood.¸ Harvey. 2. Abundant; copious; plenteous; hence, wealthy; abounding in goods or riches. Language... affluent in expression. H. Reed. Loaded and blest with all the affluent store, Which human vows at smoking shrines implore. Prior. Af¶fluÏent, n. A stream or river flowing into a larger river or into a lake; a tributary stream. Af¶fluÏentÏly, adv. Abundantly; copiously. AfÏfluÏentÏness, n. Great plenty. [R.] Af¶flux· (?), n. [L. affluxum, p. p. of affluere: cf. F. afflux. See Affluence.] A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head. AfÏflux¶ion (?), n. The act of flowing towards; afflux. Sir T. Browne. Af¶foÏdill (?), n. Asphodel. [Obs.] AfÏforce¶ (?), v. t. [OF. afforcier, LL. affortiare; ad + fortiare, fr. L. fortis strong.] To re‰nforce; to strengthen. Hallam. AfÏforce¶ment (?), n. [OF.] 1. A fortress; a fortification for defense. [Obs.] Bailey. 2. A re‰nforcement; a strengthening. Hallam. AfÏfor¶ciÏaÏment (?), n. See Afforcement. [Obs.] AfÏford¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Afforded; p. pr. & vb. n. Affording.] [OE. aforthen, AS. gefor?ian, for?ian, to further, accomplish, afford, fr. for? forth, forward. The prefix geÏ has no well defined sense. See Forth.] 1. To give forth; to supply, yield, or produce as the natural result, fruit, or issue; as, grapes afford wine; olives afford oil; the earth affords fruit; the sea affords an abundant supply of fish. 2. To give, grant, or confer, with a remoter reference to its being the natural result; to provide; to furnish; as, a good life affords consolation in old age. His tuneful Muse affords the sweetest numbers. Addison. The quiet lanes... afford calmer retreats. Gilpin. 3. To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting, expending, with profit, or without loss or too great injury; as, A affords his goods cheaper than B; a man can afford a sum yearly in charity. 4. To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; Ð with an auxiliary, as can, could, might, etc.; to be able or rich enough. The merchant can afford to trade for smaller profits. Hamilton. He could afford to suffer With those whom he saw suffer. Wordsworth.

AfÏford¶aÏble (?), a. That may be afforded. AfÏford¶ment (?), n. Anything given as a help; bestowal. [Obs.] AfÏfor¶est (?), v. t. [LL. afforestare; ad + forestare. See Forest.] To convert into a forest; as, to afforest a tract of country. AfÏfor·esÏta¶tion (?), n. The act of converting into forest or woodland. Blackstone. AfÏform¶aÏtive (?), n. An affix. AfÏfran¶chise (?), v. t. [F. affranchir; ? (L. ad) + franc free. See Franchise and Frank.] To make free; to enfranchise. Johnson. AfÏfran¶chiseÏment (?), n. [Cf. F. affranchissement.] The act of making free; enfranchisement. [R.] AfÏfrap¶ (?), v. t. & i. [Cf. It. affrappare, frappare, to cut, mince, F. frapper to strike. See Frap.] To strike, or strike down. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfray¶ (?), v. t. [p. p. Affrayed.] [OE. afraien, affraien, OF. effreer, esfreer, F. effrayer, orig. to disquiet, put out of peace, fr. L. ex + OHG. fridu peace (akin to E. free). Cf. Afraid, Fray, Frith inclosure.] [Archaic] 1. To startle from quiet; to alarm. Smale foules a great heap That had afrayed [affrayed] me out of my sleep. Chaucer. 2. To frighten; to scare; to frighten away. That voice doth us affray. Shak. AfÏfray¶ (?), n. [OE. afrai, affrai, OF. esfrei, F. effroi, fr. OF. esfreer. See Affray, v. t.] 1. The act of suddenly disturbing any one; an assault or attack. [Obs.] 2. Alarm; terror; fright. [Obs.] Spenser. 3. A tumultuous assault or quarrel; a brawl; a fray. ½In the very midst of the affray.¸ Motley. 4. (Law) The fighting of two or more persons, in a public place, to the terror of others. Blackstone. µ A fighting in private is not, in a legal sense, an affray. Syn. Ð Quarrel; brawl; scuffle; encounter; fight; contest; feud; tumult; disturbance. AfÏfray¶er (?), n. One engaged in an affray. AfÏfray¶ment (?), n. Affray. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfreight¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. adÏ + freight: cf. F. affr‚ter. See Freight.] To hire, as a ship, for the transportation of goods or freight. AfÏfreight¶er (?), n. One who hires or charters a ship to convey goods. AfÏfreight¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. affr‚tement.] The act of hiring, or the contract for the use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo. AfÏfret¶ (?), n. [Cf. It. affrettare to hasten, fretta haste.] A furious onset or attack. [Obs.] Spenser. AfÏfric¶tion (?), n. [L. affricare to rub on. See Friction.] The act of rubbing against. [Obs.] AfÏfriend¶ed (?), p. p. Made friends; reconciled. [Obs.] ½Deadly foes... affriended.¸ Spenser. AfÏfright¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affrighted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affrighting.] [Orig. p. p.; OE. afright, AS. ¾fyrhtan to terrify; ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, Ger. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + fyrhto fright. See Fright.] To impress with sudden fear; to frighten; to alarm. Dreams affright our souls. Shak. A drear and dying sound Affrights the flamens at their service quaint. Milton. Syn. Ð To terrify; frighten; alarm; dismay; appall; scare; startle; daunt; intimidate. AfÏfright¶, p. a. Affrighted. [Obs.] Chaucer. AfÏfright¶, n. 1. Sudden and great fear; terror. It expresses a stronger impression than fear, or apprehension, perhaps less than terror. He looks behind him with affright, and forward with despair. Goldsmith. 2. The act of frightening; also, a cause of terror; an object of dread. B. Jonson. AfÏfright¶edÏly, adv. With fright. Drayton. AfÏfright¶en (?), v. t. To frighten. [Archaic] ½Fit tales... to affrighten babes.¸ Southey. AfÏfright¶er (?), n. One who frightens. [Archaic] AfÏfright¶ful (?), a. Terrifying; frightful. Ð AfÏfright¶fulÏly, adv. [Archaic] Bugbears or affrightful apparitions. Cudworth. AfÏfright¶ment (?), n. Affright; the state of being frightened; sudden fear or alarm. [Archaic] Passionate words or blows... fill the child's mind with terror and affrightment. Locke. AfÏfront¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affronted; p. pr. & vb. n. Affronting.] [OF. afronter, F. affronter, to confront, LL. affrontare to strike against, fr. L. ad + frons forehead, front. See Front.] 1. To front; to face in position; to meet or encounter face to face. [Obs.] All the seaÏcoasts do affront the Levant. Holland. That he, as 't were by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shak. 2. To face in defiance; to confront; as, to confront; as, to affront death; hence, to meet in hostile encounter. [Archaic] 3. To offend by some manifestation of disrespect; to insult to the face by demeanor or language; to treat with marked incivility. How can any one imagine that the fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius? Addison. Syn. Ð TO insult; abuse; outrage; wound; illtreat; slight; defy; offend; provoke; pique; nettle. AfÏfront¶, n. [Cf. F. affront, fr. affronter.] 1. An encounter either friendly or hostile. [Obs.] I walked about, admired of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Milton. 2. Contemptuous or rude treatment which excites or justifies resentment; marked disrespect; a purposed indignity; insult. Offering an affront to our understanding. Addison. 3. An offense to one's selfÐrespect; shame. Arbuthnot. Syn. Ð Affront, Insult, Outrage. An affront is a designed mark of disrespect, usually in the presence of others. An insult is a personal attack either by words or actions, designed to humiliate or degrade. An outrage is an act of extreme and violent insult or abuse. An affront piques and mortifies; an insult irritates and provokes; an outrage wounds and injures. Captious persons construe every innocent freedom into an affront. When people are in a state of animosity, they seek opportunities of offering each other insults. Intoxication or violent passion impels men to the commission of outrages. Crabb. AfÏfronÏt‚¶(?), a. [F. affront‚, p. p.] (Her.) Face to face, or front to front; facing. AfÏfront¶edÏly (?), adv. Shamelessly. [Obs.] Bacon. AfÏfronÏtee¶, n. One who receives an affront. Lytton. AfÏfront¶er (?), n. One who affronts, or insults to the face. AfÏfront¶ingÏly, adv. In an affronting manner. AfÏfront¶ive (?), a. Tending to affront or offend; offensive; abusive. How affrontive it is to despise mercy. South.

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AfÏfront¶iveÏness (?), n. The quality that gives an affront or offense. [R.] Bailey. AfÏfuse¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Affusing (?).] [L. affusus, p. p. of affundere to pour to; ad + fundere. See Fuse.] To pour out or upon. [R.] I first affused water upon the compressed beans. Boyle. AfÏfu¶sion (?), n. [Cf. F. affusion.] The act of pouring upon, or sprinkling with a liquid, as water upon a child in baptism. Specifically: (Med) The act of pouring water or other fluid on the whole or a part of the body, as a remedy in disease. Dunglison. AfÏfy¶ (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Affied (?); p. ?r. Affying.] [OF. afier, LL. affidare. Cf. Affiance.] 1. To confide (one's self to, or in); to trust. [Obs.] 2. To betroth or espouse; to affiance. [Obs.] Shak. 3. To bind in faith. [Obs.] Bp. Montagu. AfÏfy¶, v. i. To trust or confide. [Obs.] Shak. Af¶ghan (?), a. Of or pertaining to Afghanistan. Af¶ghan, n. 1. A native of Afghanistan. 2. A kind of worsted blanket or wrap. AÏfield¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + field.] 1. To, in, or on the field. ½We drove afield.¸ Milton. How jocund did they drive their team afield! Gray. 2. Out of the way; astray. Why should he wander afield at the age of fiftyÐfive! Trollope. AÏfire¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + fire.] On fire. AÏflame¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flame.] Inflames; glowing with light or passion; ablaze. G. Eliot. AÏflat¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + flat.] Level with the ground; flat. [Obs.] Bacon. AÏflaunt¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flaunt.] In a flaunting state or position. Copley. AÏflick¶er (?)(?), adv. & a [Pref. aÏ + flicker.] In a flickering state. AÏfloat¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + float.] 1. Borne on the water; floating; on board ship. On such a full sea are we now afloat. Shak. 2. Moving; passing from place to place; in general circulation; as, a rumor is afloat. 3. Unfixed; moving without guide or control; adrift; as, our affairs are all afloat. AÏflow¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flow.] Flowing. Their founts aflow with tears. R. Browning. AÏflush¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flush, n.] In a flushed or blushing state. AÏflush¶, adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flush, a.] On a level. The bank is... aflush with the sea. Swinburne. AÏflut¶ter (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + flutter.] In a flutter; agitated. AÏfoam¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + foam.] In a foaming state; as, the sea is all afoam. AÏfoot¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + foot.] 1. On foot. We 'll walk afoot a while. Shak. 2. Fig.: In motion; in action; astir; in progress. The matter being afoot. Shak. AÏfore¶ (?), adv. [OE. afore, aforn, AS. onforan or ‘tforan; pref. aÏ + fore.] 1. Before. [Obs. or Dial.] If he have never drunk wine afore. Shak. 2. (Naut.) In the fore part of a vessel. AÏfore¶, prep. 1. Before (in all its senses). [Archaic] 2. (Naut.) Before; in front of; farther forward than; as, afore the windlass. ÷ the mast, among the common sailors; Ð a phrase used to distinguish the ship's crew from the officers. AÏfore¶cit·ed (?), a. Named or quoted before. AÏfore¶go·ing (?), a. GoÆng before; foregoing. AÏfore¶hand· (?)(?) adv. Beforehand; in anticipation. [Archaic or Dial.] She is come aforehand to anoint my body. Mark xiv. 8. AÏfore¶hand·, a. Prepared; previously provided; Ð opposed to behindhand. [Archaic or Dial.] Aforehand in all matters of power. Bacon. AÏfore¶men·tioned (?), a. Previously mentioned; beforeÐmentioned. Addison. AÏfore¶named· (?), a. Named before. Peacham. AÏfore¶said· (?), a. Said before, or in a preceding part; already described or identified. AÏfore¶thought· (?), a. Premeditated; prepense; previously in mind; designed; as, malice aforethought, which is required to constitute murder. Bouvier. AÏfore¶thought·, n. Premeditation. AÏfore¶time· (?), adv. In time past; formerly. ½He prayed... as he did aforetime.¸ Dan. vi. 10. Ø A for·tiÏo¶ri (?). [L.] (Logic & Math.) With stronger reason. AÏfoul¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + foul.] In collision; entangled. Totten. To run ~ of, to run against or come into collision with, especially so as to become entangled or to cause injury. AÏfraid¶ (?), p. a. [OE. afrayed, affraide, p. p. of afraien to affray. See Affray, and cf. Afeard.] Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear; apprehensive. [Afraid comes after the noun it limits.] ½Back they recoiled, afraid.¸ Milton. µ This word expresses a less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. It is followed by of before the object of fear, or by the infinitive, or by a dependent clause; as, to be afraid of death. ½I am afraid to die.¸ ½I am afraid he will chastise me.¸ ½Be not afraid that I your hand should take.¸ Shak. I am afraid is sometimes used colloquially to soften a statement; as, I am afraid I can not help you in this matter. Syn. Ð Fearful; timid; timorous; alarmed; anxious. Af¶reet (?), n. Same as Afrit. AÏfresh¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + fresh.] Anew; again; once more; newly. They crucify... the Son of God afresh. Heb. vi. 6. Af¶ric (?), a. African. Ð n. Africa. [Poetic] Af¶riÏcan (?), a. [L. Africus, Africanus, fr. Afer African.] Of or pertaining to Africa. ÷ hemp, a fiber prerared from the leaves of the Sanseviera Guineensis, a plant found in Africa and India. Ð ÷ marigold, a tropical American plant (Tagetes erecta). Ð ÷ oak or ÷ teak, a timber furnished by Oldfieldia Africana, used in ship building. Af¶riÏcan, n. A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race. Af·riÏcan¶der (?), n. One born in Africa, the offspring of a white father and a ½colored¸ mother. Also, and now commonly in Southern Africa, a native born of European settlers. Af¶riÏcanÏism (?), n. A word, phrase, idiom, or custom peculiar to Africa or Africans. ½The knotty Africanisms... of the fathers.¸ Milton. Af¶riÏcanÏize (?), v. t. To place under the domination of Africans or negroes. [Amer.] Bartlett. Af¶rit (?), Af¶rite (?), Af¶reet (?), n. [Arab. 'ifrÆt.] (Moham. Myth.) A powerful evil jinnee, demon, or monstrous giant. AÏfront¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + front.] In front; face to face. Ð prep. In front of. Shak. Aft (?), adv. & a. [AS. ‘ftan behind; orig. superl. of of, off. See After.] (Naut.) Near or towards the stern of a vessel; astern; abaft. Aft¶er (?), a. [AS. ‘fter after, behind; akin to Goth. aftaro, aftra, backwards, Icel. aptr, Sw. and Dan. efter, OHG. aftar behind, Dutch and LG. achter, Gr. ? further off. The ending Ïter is an old comparative suffix, in E. generally Ïther (as in other), and after is a compar. of of, off. ? See Of; cf. Aft.] 1. Next; later in time; subsequent; succeeding; as, an after period of life. Marshall. µ In this sense the word is sometimes needlessly combined with the following noun, by means of a hyphen, as, afterÐages, afterÐact, afterÐdays, afterÐlife. For the most part the words are properly kept separate when after has this meaning. 2. Hinder; nearer the rear. (Naut.) To ward the stern of the ship; Ð applied to any object in the rear part of a vessel; as the after cabin, after hatchway. It is often combined with its noun; as, afterÐbowlines, afterÐbraces, afterÐsails, afterÐyards, those on the mainmasts and mizzenmasts. ÷ body (Naut.), the part of a ship abaft the dead flat, or middle part. Aft¶er, prep. 1. Behind in place; as, men in line one after another. ½Shut doors after you.¸ Shak. 2. Below in rank; next to in order. Shak. Codrus after Ph?bus sings the best. Dryden. 3. Later in time; subsequent; as, after supper, after three days. It often precedes a clause. Formerly that was interposed between it and the clause. After I am risen again, I will go before you into Galilee. Matt. xxvi. 32. 4. Subsequent to and in consequence of; as, after what you have said, I shall be careful. 5. Subsequent to and notwithstanding; as, after all our advice, you took that course. 6. Moving toward from behind; following, in search of; in pursuit of. Ye shall not go after other gods. Deut. vi. 14. After whom is the king of Israel come out? 1 Sam. xxiv. 14. 7. Denoting the aim or object; concerning; in relation to; as, to look after workmen; to inquire after a friend; to thirst after righteousness. 8. In imitation of; in conformity with; after the manner of; as, to make a thing after a model; a picture after Rubens; the boy takes after his father. To name or call ~, to name like and reference to. Our eldest son was named George after his uncle. Goldsmith. 9. According to; in accordance with; in conformity with the nature of; as, he acted after his kind. He shall not judge after the sight of his eyes. Isa. xi. 3. They that are after the flesh do mind the things of the flesh. Rom. viii. 5. 10. According to the direction and influence of; in proportion to; befitting. [Archaic] He takes greatness of kingdoms according to bulk and currency, and not after their intrinsic value. Bacon. ÷ all, when everything has been considered; upon the whole. Ð ÷ (with the same noun preceding and following), as, wave after wave, day after day, several or many (waves, etc.) successively. Ð One ~ another, successively. Ð To be ~, to be pursuit of in order to reach or get; as, he is after money. Aft¶er, adv. Subsequently in time or place; behind; afterward; as, he follows after. It was about the space of three hours after. Acts. v. 7. µ After is prefixed to many words, forming compounds, but retaining its usual signification. The prefix may be adverbial, prepositional, or adjectival; as in afterÐ described, afterÏdinner, afterÐpart. The hyphen is sometimes needlessly used to connect the adjective after with its noun. See Note under After, a., 1. Aft¶erÏbirth· (?), n. (Med.) The placenta and membranes with which the fetus is connected, and which come away after delivery. Aft¶erÏcast· (?), n. A throw of dice after the game in ended; hence, anything done too late. Gower. Aft¶erÏclap· (?), n. An unexpected subsequent event; something disagreeable happening after an affair is supposed to be at an end. Spenser. Aft¶erÏcrop· (?), n. A second crop or harvest in the same year. Mortimer. Aft¶er damp· (?). An irrespirable gas, remaining after an explosion of fire damp in mines; choke damp. See Carbonic acid. Aft¶erÐdin·ner (?), n. The time just after dinner. ½An afterÏdinner's sleep.¸ Shak. [Obs.] Ð a. Following dinner; postÐprandial; as, an afterÐdinner nap. Aft¶erÐeat·age (?), n. Aftergrass. Aft¶erÏeye· (?), v. t. To look after. [Poetic] Shak. Aft¶erÏgame· (?), n. A second game; hence, a subsequent scheme or expedient. Wotton. ÷ at Irish, an ancient game very nearly resembling backgammon. Beau. & Fl. Aft¶erÐglow· (?), n. A glow of refulgence in the western sky after sunset. Aft¶erÏgrass· (?), n. The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown; aftermath. Aft¶erÏgrowth· (?), n. A second growth or crop, or (metaphorically) development. J. S. Mill. Aft¶erÏguard· (?), n. (Naut.) The seaman or seamen stationed on the poop or after part of the ship, to attend the afterÐsails. Totten. Aft¶erÐim·age (?), n. The impression of a vivid sensation retained by the retina of the eye after the cause has been removed; also extended to impressions left of tones, smells, etc. Aft¶erÏings (?), n. pl. The last milk drawn in milking; strokings. [Obs. or Dial.] Grose. Aft¶erÏmath (?), n. [After + math. See Math.] A second moving; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season; rowen. Holland. Aft¶erÐmen·tioned (?), a. Mentioned afterwards; as, persons afterÐmentioned (in a writing). Aft¶erÏmost (?), a. superl. [OE. eftemest, AS. ‘ftemest,akin to Gothic aftumist and aftuma, the last, orig. a superlative of of, with the superlative endings Ïte, Ïme, Ïst.] 1. Hindmost; Ð opposed to foremost. 2. (Naut.) Nearest the stern; most aft. Aft¶erÏnoon¶ (?), n. The part of the day which follows noon, between noon and evening. Aft¶erÐnote· (?), n. (Mus.) One of the small notes occur on the unaccented parts of the measure, taking their time from the preceding note. Aft¶erÏpains· (?), n. pl. (Med.) The pains which succeed childbirth, as in expelling the afterbirth. Aft¶erÏpiece· (?), n. 1. A piece performed after a play, usually a farce or other small entertainment. 2. (Naut.) The heel of a rudder. Aft¶erÐsails· (?), n. pl. (Naut.) The sails on the mizzenmast, or on the stays between the mainmast and mizzenmast. Totten. Aft¶erÏshaft· (?), n. (Zo”l.) The hypoptilum. Aft¶erÏtaste· (?), n. A taste which remains in the mouth after eating or drinking. Aft¶erÏthought· (?), n. Reflection after an act; later or subsequent thought or expedient. Aft¶erÏwards (?), Aft¶erÏward (?), } adv. [AS. ‘fteweard, a., behind. See Aft, and Ïward (suffix). The final s in afterwards is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending.] At a later or succeeding time. Aft¶erÏwise· (?), a. Wise after the event; wise or knowing, when it is too late. Aft¶erÐwit· (?), n. Wisdom or perception that comes after it can be of use. ½AfterÐwit comes too late when the mischief is done.¸ L'Estrange. Aft¶erÐwit·ted (?), a. Characterized by afterwit; slowÐwitted. Tyndale. Aft¶most (?), a. (Naut.) Nearest the stern. Aft¶ward (?), adv. (Naut.) Toward the stern. Ø AÏga¶ or Ø AÏgha¶ (?), n. [Turk. adh¾ a great lord, chief master.] In Turkey, a commander or chief officer. It is used also as a title of respect. AÏgain¶ (?; 277), adv. [OE. agein, agayn, AS. ongegn, onge n, against, again; on + ge n, akin to Ger. gegewn against, Icel. gegn. Cf. Gainsay.] 1. In return, back; as, bring us word again. 2. Another time; once more; anew. If a man die, shall he live again? Job xiv. 14. 3. Once repeated; Ð of quantity; as, as large again, half as much again. 4. In any other place. [Archaic] Bacon. 5. On the other hand. ½The one is mi sovereign... the other again is my kinsman.¸ Shak. 6. Moreover; besides; further. Again, it is of great consequence to avoid, etc. Hersche?. ÷ and ~, more than once; often; repeatedly. Ð Now and ~, now and then; occasionally. Ð To and ~, to and fro. [Obs.] De Foe. µ Again was formerly used in many verbal combinations, as, againÐwitness, to witness against; againÐride, to ride against; againÏcome, to come against, to encounter; againÏbring, to bring back, etc. AÏgain¶ (?), AÏgains¶ (?), } prep. Against; also, towards (in order to meet). [Obs.] Albeit that it is again his kind. Chaucer. AÏgain¶buy· (?), v. t. To redeem. [Obs.] Wyclif. AÏgain¶say· (?), v. t. To gainsay. [Obs.] Wyclif. AÏgainst¶ (?; 277), prep. [OE. agens, ageynes, AS. ongegn. The s is adverbial, orig. a genitive ending. See Again.] 1. Abreast; opposite to; facing; towards; as, against the mouth of a river; Ð in this sense often preceded by over. Jacob saw the angels of God come against him. Tyndale. 2. From an opposite direction so as to strike or come in contact with; in contact with; upon; as, hail beats against the roof. 3. In opposition to, whether the opposition is of sentiment or of action; on the other side; counter to; in contrariety to; hence, adverse to; as, against reason; against law; to run a race against time. The gate would have been shut against her. Fielding. An argument against the use of steam. Tyndale. 4. By of before the time that; in preparation for; so as to be ready for the time when. [Archaic or Dial.] Urijah the priest made it, against King Ahaz came from Damascus. 2 Kings xvi. 11. ÷ the sun, in a direction contrary to that in which the sun appears to move. AÏgain¶stand· (?), v. t. To withstand. [Obs.] AÏgain¶ward (?), adv. Back again. [Obs.]

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Ø Ag·aÏlac¶tiÏa (?), Ag¶aÏlax·y (?), } n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ?, ?, milk.] (Med.) Failure of the due secretion of milk after childbirth. Ag·aÏlac¶tous (?), a. Lacking milk to suckle with. Ø A·galÐa¶gal (?), n. Same as AgarÐagar. Ag¶alÏloch (?), Ø AÏgal¶loÏchum (?), } n. [Gr. ?, of Eastern origin: cf. Skr. aguru, Heb. pl. ah¾tÆm.] A soft, resinous wood (Aquilaria Agallocha) of highly aromatic smell, burnt by the orientals as a perfume. It is called also agal?wood and aloes wood. The name is also given to some other species. Ag·alÏmat¶oÏlite (?), n. [Gr. ?, ?, image, statue + Ïlite: cf. F. agalmatolithe.] (Min.) A soft, compact stone, of a grayish, greenish, or yellowish color, carved into images by the Chinese, and hence called figure stone, and pagodite. It is probably a variety of pinite. Ø Ag¶aÏma (?), n. pl. Agamas (?). [From the Caribbean name of a species of lizard.] (Zo”l.) A genus of lizards, one of the few which feed upon vegetable substances; also, one of these lizards. Ø Ag¶aÏmi (?), n. pl. Agamis (?). [F. agami, fr. the native name.] (Zo”l.) A South American bird (Psophia crepitans), allied to the cranes, and easily domesticated; Ð called also the goldÐbreasted trumpeter. Its body is about the size of the pheasant. See Trumpeter. AÏgam¶ic (?), a. [See Agamous.] (a) (Biol.) Produced without sexual union; as, agamic or unfertilized eggs. (b) Not having visible organs of reproduction, as flowerless plants; agamous. AÏgam¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. In an agamic manner. Ag¶aÏmist (?), n. [See Agamous.] An unmarried person; also, one opposed to marriage. Foxe. Ø Ag·aÏmoÏgen¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? unmarried (? priv. + ? marriage) + ? reproduction.] (Biol.) Reproduction without the union of parents of distinct sexes: asexual reproduction. Ag·aÏmoÏgeÏnet¶ic (?), n. (Biol.) Reproducing or produced without sexual union. Ð Ag·aÏmoÏgeÏnet¶icÏalÏly (?), adv. All known agamogenetic processes end in a complete return to the primitive stock. Huxley. Ag¶aÏmous (?), a. [Gr. ? unmarried; ? priv. + ? marriage.] (Biol.) Having no visible sexual organs; asexual. In Bot., cryptogamous. AÏgan·gliÏo¶nic (?), a. [Pref. aÏ not + ganglionic.] (Physiol.) Without ganglia. AÏgape¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + gape.] Gaping, as with wonder, expectation, or eager attention. Dazzles the crowd and sets them all agape. Milton. Ø Ag¶aÏpe (?), n.; pl. Agap‘ (?). [Gr. ? love, pl. ?.] The love feast of the primitive Christians, being a meal partaken of in connection with the communion. Ø A·garÐa¶gar (?), n. [Ceylonese local name.] A fucus or seaweed much used in the East for soups and jellies; Ceylon moss (Gracilaria lichenoides). Ag¶aÏric (?; 277), n. [L. agaricum, Gr. ?, said to be fr. Agara, a town in Sarmatia.] 1. (Bot.) A fungus of the genus Agarius, of many species, of which the common mushroom is an example. 2. An old name for several species of Polyporus, corky fungi growing on decaying wood. µ The ½female agaric¸ (Polyporus officinalic) was renowned as a cathartic; the ½male agaric¸ (Polyporus igniarius) is used for preparing touchwood, called punk of German tinder. ÷ mineral, a light, chalky deposit of carbonate of ?ime, sometimes called rock milk, formed in caverns or fissures of limestone. AÏgasp¶ (?), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + gasp.] In a state of gasping. Coleridge. AÏgast¶ or AÏghast¶ (?), v. t. To affright; to terrify. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. AÏgast¶ (?), p. p. & a. See Aghast. AÏgas¶tric (?), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? stomach.] (Physiol.) Having to stomach, or distinct digestive canal, as the tapeworm. AÏgate¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ on + gate way.] On the way; agoing; as, to be agate; to set the bells agate. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Cotgrave. Ag¶ate (?), n. [F. agate, It. agata, L. achates, fr. Gr. ?.] 1. (Min.) A semipellucid, uncrystallized variety of quartz, presenting various tints in the same specimen. Its colors are delicately arranged in stripes or bands, or blended in clouds. µ The fortification agate, or Scotch pebble, the moss agate, the clouded agate, etc., are familiar varieties. 2. (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and smaller than nonpareil; in England called ruby. µ This line is printed in the type called agate. 3. A diminutive person; so called in allusion to the small figures cut in ~ for rings and seals. [Obs.] Shak. 4. A tool used by goldÐwire drawers, bookbinders, etc.; Ð so called from the ~ fixed in it for burnishing. Ag·aÏtif¶erÏous (?), a. [Agate + Ïferous.] Containing or producing agates. Craig. Ag¶aÏtine (?), a. Pertaining to, or like, agate. Ag¶aÏtize (?), v. t. [Usually p. p. Agatized (?).] To convert into agate; to make resemble agate. Dana. Ag¶aÏty (?), a. Of the nature of agate, or containing agate. AÏga¶ve (?), n. [L. Agave, prop. name, fr. Gr. ?, fem. of ? illustrious, noble.] (bot.) A genus of plants (order Amaryllidace‘) of which the chief species is the maguey or century plant (A. Americana), wrongly called Aloe. It is from ten to seventy years, according to climate, in attaining maturity, when it produces a gigantic flower stem, sometimes forty feet in height, and perishes. The fermented juice is the pulque of the Mexicans; distilled, it yields mescal. A strong thread and a tough paper are made from the leaves, and the wood has many uses. AÏgazed¶ (?), p. p. [Only in p. p.; another spelling for aghast.] Gazing with astonishment; amazed. [Obs.] The whole army stood agazed on him. Shak. Age (?), n. [OF. aage, eage, F. ƒge, fr. L. aetas through a supposed LL. aetaticum. L. aetas is contracted fr. aevitas, fr. aevum lifetime, ~; akin to E. aye ever. Cf. Each.] 1. The whole duration of a being, whether animal, vegetable, or other kind; lifetime. Mine age is as nothing before thee. Ps. xxxix. 5. 2. That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; as, what is the present age of a man, or of the earth? 3. The latter part of life; an advanced period of life; seniority; state of being old. Nor wrong mine age with this indignity. Shak. 4. One of the stages of life; as, the age of infancy, of youth, etc. Shak. 5. Mature ~; especially, the time of life at which one attains full personal rights and capacities; as, to come of age; he (or she) is of age. Abbott. In the United States, both males and females are of age when twentyone years old. 6. The time of life at which some particular power or capacity is understood to become vested; as, the age of consent; the age of discretion. Abbott. 7. A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others; as, the golden age, the age of Pericles. ½The spirit of the age.¸ Prescott. Truth, in some age or other, will find her witness. Milton. Archeological ages are designated as three: The Stone age (the early and the later stone ~, called paleolithic and neolithic), the Bronze age, and the Iron age. During the Age of Stone man is supposed to have employed stone for weapons and implements. See Augustan, Brazen, Golden, Heroic, Middle. 8. A great period in the history of the Earth. The geologic ages are as follows: 1. The Arch‘an, including the time when was no life and the time of the earliest and simplest forms of life. 2. The age of Invertebrates, or the Silurian, when the life on the globe consisted distinctively of invertebrates. 3. The age of Fishes, or the Devonian, when fishes were the dominant race. 4. The age of Coal Plants, or Acrogens, or the Carboniferous age. 5. The Mesozoic or Secondary age, or age of Reptiles, when reptiles prevailed in great numbers and of vast size. 6. The Tertiary age, or age of Mammals, when the mammalia, or quadrupeds, abounded, and were the dominant race. 7. The Quaternary age, or age of Man, or the modern era. Dana. 9. A century; the period of one hundred years. Fleury... apologizes for these five ages. Hallam. 10. The people who live at a particular period; hence, a generation. ½Ages yet unborn.¸ Pope. The way which the age follows. J. H. Newman. Lo! where the stage, the poor, degraded stage, Holds its warped mirror to a ?aping age. C. Sprague. 11. A long time. [Colloq.] ½He made minutes an age.¸ Tennyson. ÷ of a tide, the time from the origin of a tide in the South Pacific Ocean to its arrival at a given place. Ð Moon's ~, the time that has elapsed since the last preceding conjunction of the sun and moon. µ Age is used to form the first part of many compounds; as, agelasting, ageÐadorning, ageÐworn, ageÐenfeebled, agelong. Syn. Ð Time; period; generation; date; era; epoch. Age, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Aged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Aging (?).] To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of ~; as, he grew fat as he aged. They live one hundred and thirty years, and never age for all that. Holland. I am aging; that is, I have a whitish, or rather a lightÐcolored, hair here and there. Landor. Age, v. t. To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of ~ to; as, grief ages us. A¶ged (?), a. 1. Old; having lived long; having lived almost to or beyond the usual time allotted to that species of being; as, an aged man; an aged oak. 2. Belonging to old age. ½Aged cramps.¸ Shak. 3. (?) Having a certain age; at the age of; having lived; as, a man aged forty years. A¶gedÏly, adv. In the manner of an aged person. A¶gedÏness, n. The quality of being aged; oldness. Custom without truth is but agedness of error. Milton. Age¶less (?), a. Without old age limits of duration; as, fountains of ageless youth. AÏgen¶ (?), adv. & prep. See Again. [Obs.] A¶genÏcy (?), n.; pl. Agencies (?). [LL. agentia, fr. L. agens, agentis: cf. F. agence. See Agent.] 1. The faculty of acting or of exerting power; the state of being in action; action; instrumentality. The superintendence and agency of Providence in the natural world. Woodward. 2. The office of an agent, or factor; the relation between a principal and his agent; business of one intrusted with the concerns of another. 3. The place of business of am agent. Syn. Ð Action; operation; efficiency; management. A¶gend (?), n. See Agendum. [Obs.] Ø AÏgen¶dum (?), n.; pl. Agenda (?). [L., neut. of the gerundive of agere to act.] 1. Something to be done; in the pl., a memorandum book. 2. A church service; a ritual or liturgy. [In this sense, usually Agenda.] Ag·eÏnes¶ic (?), a. [See Agensis.] (Physiol.) Characterized by sterility; infecund. Ø AÏgen¶eÏsis (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? birth.] (Physiol.) Any imperfect development of the body, or any anomaly of organization. Ø Ag·enÏne¶sis (?), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? an engendering.] (Physiol.) Impotence; sterility. A¶gent (?), a. [L. agens, agentis, p. pr. of agere to act; akin to Gr. ? to lead, Icel. aka to drive, Skr. aj. ?.] Acting? Ð opposed to patient, or sustaining, action. [Archaic] ½The body agent.¸ Bacon. A¶gent, n. 1. One who exerts power, or has the power to act; an actor. Heaven made us agents, free to good or ill. Dryden. 2. One who acts for, or in the place of, another, by authority from him; one intrusted with the business of another; a substitute; a deputy; a factor. 3. An active power or cause; that which has the power to produce an effect; as, a physical, chemical, or medicinal agent; as, heat is a powerful agent. AÏgen¶tial (?), a. Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency. Fitzed. Hall. A¶gentÏship (?), n. Agency. Beau. & Fl. Ø AÏger¶aÏtum (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ? a sort of plant; ? priv. + ? old age.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, one species of which (A. Mexicanum) has lavenderÐblue flowers in dense clusters. AfÏgen·erÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. aggenerare to beget in addition. See Generate.] The act of producing in addition. [Obs.] T. Stanley. Ø Ag¶ger (?), n. [L., a mound, fr. aggerere to bear to a place, heap up; ad + gerere to bear.] An earthwork; a mound; a raised work. [Obs.] Hearne. Ag¶gerÏate (?), v. t. [L. aggeratus, p. p. of aggerare. See Agger.] To heap up. [Obs. or R.] Foxe. Ag·gerÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. aggeratio.] A heaping up; accumulation; as, aggerations of sand. [R.] Ag·gerÏose¶ (?), a. In heaps; full of heaps. AgÏgest¶ (?), v. t. [L. aggestus, p. p. of aggerere. See Agger.] To heap up. [Obs.] The violence of the waters aggested the earth. Fuller. AgÏglom¶erÏate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglomerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglomerating (?).] [L. agglomeratus, p. p. of agglomerare; ad + glomerare to form into a ball. See Glomerate.] To wind or collect into a ball; hence, to gather into a mass or anything like a mass. Where he builds the agglomerated pile. Cowper. AgÏglom¶erÏate, v. i. To collect in a mass. AgÏglom¶erÏate (?), AgÏglom¶erÏa·ted (?), } a. 1. Collected into a ball, heap, or mass. 2. (Bot.) Collected into a rounded head of flowers. AgÏglom¶erÏate (?), n. 1. A collection or mass. 2. (Geol.) A mass of angular volcanic fragments united by heat; Ð distinguished from conglomerate. AgÏglom·erÏa¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. agglom‚ration.] 1. The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together. An excessive agglomeration of turrets. Warton. 2. State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster. AgÏglom¶erÏaÏtive (?), a. Having a tendency to gather together, or to make collections. Taylor is eminently discursive, accumulative, and (to use one of his own words) agglomerative. Coleridge. AgÏglu¶tiÏnant (?), a. [L. agglutinans, Ïantis, p. pr. of agglutinare.] Uniting, as glue; causing, or tending to cause, adhesion. Ð n. Any viscous substance which causes bodies or parts to adhere. AgÏglu¶tiÏnate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Agglutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Agglutinating.] [L. agglutinatus, p. p. of agglutinare to glue or cement to a thing; ad + glutinare to glue; gluten glue. See Glue.] To unite, or cause to adhere, as with glue or other viscous substance; to unite by causing an adhesion of substances. AgÏglu¶tiÏnate (?), a. 1. United with glue or as with glue; cemented together. 2. (physiol.) Consisting of root words combined but not materially altered as to form or meaning; as, agglutinate forms, languages, etc. See Agglutination, 2. AgÏglu·tiÏna¶tion (?), n. [Cf. F. agglutination.] 1. The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts. 2. (Physiol.) Combination in which root words are united with little or no change of form or loss of meaning. See Agglutinative, 2. AgÏglu¶tiÏnaÏtive (?), a. [Cf. F. agglutinatif.] 1. Pertaining to agglutination; tending to unite, or having power to cause adhesion; adhesive. 2. (Philol.) Formed or characterized by agglutination, as a language or a compound. In agglutinative languages the union of words may be compared to mechanical compounds, in inflective languages to chemical compounds. R. Morris. Cf. manÐkind, heirÐloom, warÐlike, which are agglutinative compounds. The Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, the Tamul, etc., are agglutinative languages. R. Morris. Agglutinative languages preserve the consciousness of their roots. Max Mller. AgÏgrace¶ (?), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + grace: cf. It. aggraziare, LL. aggratiare. See Grace.] To favor; to grace. [Obs.] ½That knight so much aggraced.¸ Spenser.