Part 1

<-- begin Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary - 1913 --> <-- p. 1 -->

A (named ? in the English, and most commonly „ in other languages). The first letter of the English and of many other alphabets. The capital A of the alphabets of Middle and Western Europe, as also the small letter (a), besides the forms in Italic, black letter, etc., are all descended from the old Latin A, which was borrowed from the Greek Alpha, of the same form; and this was made from the first letter (?) of the Phoenician alphabet, the equivalent of the Hebrew Aleph, and itself from the Egyptian origin. The Aleph was a consonant letter, with a guttural breath sound that was not an element of Greek articulation; and the Greeks took it to represent their vowel Alpha with the „ sound, the Phoenician alphabet having no vowel symbols. This letter, in English, is used for several different vowel sounds. See Guide to pronunciation,  43Ð74. The regular long a, as in fate, etc., is a comparatively modern sound, and has taken the place of what, till about the early part of the 17th century, was a sound of the quality of „ (as in far). 2. (Mus.) The name of the sixth tone in the model major scale (that in C), or the first tone of the minor scale, which is named after it the scale in A minor. The second string of the violin is tuned to the A in the treble staff. Ð A sharp (A#) is the name of a musical tone intermediate between A and B.Ð A flat (A?) is the name of a tone intermediate between A and G. A per se (L. per se by itself), one pre‰minent; a nonesuch. [Obs.] O fair Creseide, the flower and A per se Of Troy and Greece. Chaucer. A (? emph. ?). 1. [Shortened form of an. AS. ? one. See One.] An adjective, commonly called the indefinite article, and signifying one or any, but less emphatically. ½At a birth¸; ½In a word¸; ½At a blow¸. Shak. It is placed before nouns of the singular number denoting an individual object, or a quality individualized, before collective nouns, and also before plural nouns when the adjective few or the phrase great many or good many is interposed; as, a dog, a house, a man; a color; a sweetness; a hundred, a fleet, a regiment; a few persons, a great many days. It is used for an, for the sake of euphony, before words beginning with a consonant sound [for exception of certain words beginning with h, see An]; as, a table, a woman, a year, a unit, a eulogy, a ewe, a oneness, such a one, etc. Formally an was used both before vowels and consonants. 2. [Originally the preposition a (an, on).] In each; to or for each; as, ½twenty leagues a day¸, ½a hundred pounds a year¸, ½a dollar a yard¸, etc. A (?), prep. [Abbreviated form of an (AS. on). See On.] 1. In; on; at; by. [Obs.] ½A God's name.¸ ½Torn a pieces.¸ ½Stand a tiptoe.¸ ½A Sundays¸ Shak. ½Wit that men have now a days.¸ Chaucer. ½Set them a work.¸ Robynson (More's Utopia) 2. In process of; in the act of; into; to; Ð used with verbal substantives in Ðing which begin with a consonant. This is a shortened form of the preposition an which was used before the vowel sound); as in a hunting, a building, a begging. ½Jacob, when he was a dying¸ Heb. xi. 21. ½We'll a birding together.¸ ½ It was a doing.¸ Shak. ½He burst out a laughing.¸ Macaulay. The hyphen may be used to connect a with the verbal substantive (as, aÐhunting, aÐbilding) or the words may be written separately. This form of expression is now for the most part obsolete, the a being omitted and the verbal substantive treated as a participle. A. [From AS. of off, from. See Of.] Of. [Obs.] ½The name of John a Gaunt.¸ ½What time a day is it ?¸ Shak. ½It's six a clock.¸ B. Jonson. A. A barbarous corruption of have, of he, and sometimes of it and of they. ½So would I a done¸ ½A brushes his hat.¸ Shak. A. An expletive, void of sense, to fill up the meter A merry heart goes all the day, Your sad tires in a mileÐa. Shak. AÐ. A, as a prefix to English words, is derived from various sources. (1) It frequently signifies on or in (from an, a forms of AS. on), denoting a state, as in afoot, on foot, abed, amiss, asleep, aground, aloft, away (AS. onweg), and analogically, ablaze, atremble, etc. (2) AS. of off, from, as in adown (AS. ofdne off the dun or hill). (3) AS. ? (Goth. usÐ, urÐ, Ger. erÐ), usually giving an intensive force, and sometimes the sense of away, on, back, as in arise, abide, ago. (4) Old English yÐ or iÐ (corrupted from the AS. inseparable particle geÐ, cognate with OHG. gaÐ, giÐ, Goth. gaÐ), which, as a prefix, made no essential addition to the meaning, as in aware. (5) French … (L. ad to), as in abase, achieve. (6) L. a, ab, abs, from, as in avert. (7) Greek insep. prefix ? without, or privative, not, as in abyss, atheist; akin to E. unÐ. Besides these, there are other sources from which the prefix a takes its origin. A 1 (?). A registry mark given by underwriters (as at Lloyd's) to ships in firstÐclass condition. Inferior grades are indicated by A 2 and A 3. A 1 is also applied colloquially to other things to imply superiority; prime; firstÐclass; firstÐrate. ØAam (?), n. [D. aam, fr. LL. ama; cf. L hama a water bucket, Gr. ?] A Dutch and German measure of liquids, varying in different cities, being at Amsterdam about 41 wine gallons, at Antwerp 36«, at Hamburg 38¬. [Written also Aum and Awm.] ØAard¶Ðvark· (?), n. [D., earthÐpig.] (Zo”l.) An edentate mammal, of the genus Orycteropus, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of Southern Africa. It burrows in the ground, and feeds entirely on ants, which it catches with its long, slimy tongue. ØAard¶Ðwolf· (?), n. [D, earthÐwolf] (Zo”l.) A carnivorous quadruped (Proteles Lalandii), of South Africa, resembling the fox and hyena. See Proteles. AaÏron¶ic (?), AaÏron¶icÏal (?),} a. Pertaining to Aaron, the first high priest of the Jews. Aar¶on's rod· (?). [See Exodus vii. 9 and Numbers xvii. 8] 1. (Arch.) A rod with one serpent twined around it, thus differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two. 2. (Bot.) A plant with a tall flowering stem; esp. the great mullein, or hagÐtaper, and the goldenÐrod. AbÐ (?). [Latin prep., etymologically the same as E. of, off. See Of.] A prefix in many words of Latin origin. It signifies from, away , separating, or departure, as in abduct, abstract, abscond. See AÐ(6). ØAb (?), n. [Of Syriac origin.] The fifth month of the Jewish year according to the ecclesiastical reckoning, the eleventh by the civil computation, coinciding nearly with August. W.Smith. ØAb¶aÏca (?), n. [The native name.] The ManilaÐhemp plant (Musa textilis); also, its fiber. See Manila hemp under Manila. AÏbac¶iÏnate (?), v.t. [LL. abacinatus, p.p. of abacinare; ab off+bacinus a basin.] To blind by a redÐhot metal plate held before the eyes. [R.] AÏbac·iÏna¶tion (?), n. The act of abacinating. [R.] ØAb·aÏcis¶cus (?), n. [Gr.?, dim of ?. See Abacus.] (Arch.) One of the tiles or squares of a tessellated pavement; an abaculus. Ab¶aÏcist (?), n. [LL abacista, fr. abacus.] One who uses an abacus in casting accounts; a calculator. AÏback¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÐ + back; AS. on ? at, on, or toward the back. See Back.] 1. Toward the back or rear; backward. ½Therewith aback she started.¸ Chaucer. 2. Behind; in the rear. Knolles. 3. (Naut.) Backward against the mast;Ðsaid of the sails when pressed by the wind. Totten. To be taken aback. (a) To be driven backward against the mast;Ðsaid of the sails, also of the ship when the are thus driven. (b) To be suddenly checked, baffled, or discomfited. Dickens. Ab¶ack (?), n. An abacus. [Obs.] B.Jonson. AbÏac¶tiÏnal (?), a. [L. ab + E. actinal.] (Zo”l.) Pertaining to the surface or end opposite to the mouth in a radiate animal;Ðopposed to actinal. ½The aboral or abactinal area.¸ L.Agassiz. AbÏac¶tion (?), n. Stealing cattle on a large scale. [Obs.] AbÏac¶tor (?), n. [L., fr. abigere to drive away; ab+agere to drive.] (Law) One who steals and drives away cattle or beasts by herds or droves. [Obs.] ØAÏbac¶uÏlus (?), n. ; pl. Abaculi (?). [L., dim. of abacus.] (Arch.) A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements. Fairholt. Ab¶aÏcus (?), n.; E. pl. Abacuses ; L. pl. Abaci (?). [L. abacus, abax, ?] 1. A table or tray strewn with sand, anciently used for drawing, calculating, etc. [Obs.] 2. A calculating table or frame; an instrument for performing arithmetical calculations by balls sliding on wires, or counters in grooves, the lowest line representing units, the second line, tens, etc. It is still employed in China. 3. (Arch.) (a) The uppermost member or division of the capital of a column, immediately under the architrave. See Column. (b) A tablet, panel, or compartment in ornamented or mosaic work. 4. A board, tray, or table, divided into perforated compartments, for holding cups, bottles, or the like; a kind of cupboard, buffet, or sideboard. Abacus harmonicus (Mus.), an ancient diagram showing the structure and disposition of the keys of an instrument. Crabb. Ab¶aÏda (?), n. [Pg., the female rhinoceros.] The rhinoceros. [Obs.] Purchas. AÏbad¶don (?), n. [Heb. ? destruction, abyss, fr. ? to be lost, to perish.] 1. The destroyer, or angel of the bottomless pit; Ð the same as Apollyon and Asmodeus. 2. Hell; the bottomless pit. [Poetic] In all her gates, Abaddon rues Thy bold attempt. Milton. AÏbaft¶ (?), prep. [Pref. aÐon + OE. baft, baften, biaften, AS.?; be by + ? behind. See After, Aft, By.] (Naut.) Behind; toward the stern from; as, abaft the wheelhouse. Abaft the beam. See under Beam. AÏbaft¶, adv. (Naut.) Toward the stern; aft; as, to go abaft. AÏbai¶sance (?), n. [For obeisance; confused with F. abaisser, E. abase] Obeisance. [Obs.] Jonson. AÏbai¶ser (?), n. Ivory black or animal charcoal. Weale.

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AÏbaist¶ (?), p.p. Abashed; confounded; discomfited. [Obs.] Chaucer. AbÏal¶ienÏate (?), v.t. [L. abalienatus, p.p. of abalienare; ab + alienus foreign, alien. See Alien.] 1. (Civil Law) To transfer the title of from one to another; to alienate. 2. To estrange; to withdraw. [Obs.] 3. To cause alienation of (mind). Sandys. AbÏal·ienÏa¶tion (?), n. [L. abalienatio: cf. F. abalianation.] The act of abalienating; alienation; estrangement. [Obs.] ØAb·aÏlo¶ne (?), n. (Zo”l.) A univalve mollusk of the genus Haliotis. The shell is lined with motherÐofÐpearl, and used for ornamental purposes; the seaÐear. Several large species are found on the coast of California, clinging closely to the rocks. AÏband¶ (?), v.t. [Contracted from abandon.] 1. To abandon. [Obs.] Enforced the kingdom to aband. Spenser. 2. To banish; to expel. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag. AÏban¶don (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abandoned (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abandoning .] [OF. abandoner, F.abandonner; a (L. ad)+bandon permission, authority, LL. bandum, bannum, public proclamation, interdiction, bannire to proclaim, summon: of Germanic origin; cf. Goth. bandwjan to show by signs, to designate OHG. banproclamation. The word meant to proclaim, put under a ban, put under control; hence, as in OE., to compel, subject, or to leave in the control of another, and hence, to give up. See Ban.] 1. To cast or drive out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Obs.] That he might ... abandon them from him. Udall. Being all this time abandoned from your bed. Shak. 2. To give up absolutely; to forsake entirely ; to renounce utterly; to relinquish all connection with or concern on; to desert, as a person to whom one owes allegiance or fidelity; to quit; to surrender. Hope was overthrown, yet could not be abandoned. I. Taylor. 3. Reflexively : To give (one's self) up without attempt at selfÐcontrol ; to yield (one's self) unrestrainedly ; Ð often in a bad sense. He abandoned himself ... to his favorite vice. Macaulay. 4. (Mar. Law) To relinquish all claim to; Ð used when an insured person gives up to underwriters all claim to the property covered by a policy, which may remain after loss or damage by a peril insured against. Syn.Ð To give up; yield; forego; cede; surrender; resign; abdicate; quit; relinquish; renounce; desert; forsake; leave; retire; withdraw from. Ð To Abandon, Desert, Forsake. These words agree in representing a person as giving up or leaving some object, but differ as to the mode of doing it. The distinctive sense of abandon is that of giving up a thing absolutely and finally; as, to abandon one's friends, places, opinions, good or evil habits, a hopeless enterprise, a shipwrecked vessel. Abandon is more widely applicable than forsake or desert. The Latin original of desert appears to have been originally applied to the case of deserters from military service. Hence, the verb, when used of persons in the active voice, has usually or always a bad sense, implying some breach of fidelity, honor, etc., the leaving of something which the person should rightfully stand by and support; as, to desert one's colors, to desert one's post, to desert one's principles or duty. When used in the passive, the sense is not necessarily bad; as, the fields were deserted, a deserted village, deserted halls. Forsake implies the breaking off of previous habit, association, personal connection, or that the thing left had been familiar or frequented; as, to forsake old friends, to forsake the paths of rectitude, the blood forsook his cheeks. It may be used either in a good or in a bad sense. AÏban¶don, n. [F. abandon. fr. abandonner. See Abandon, v.] Abandonment; relinquishment. [Obs.] ØA·ban·don¶ (?), n. [F. See Abandon.] A complete giving up to natural impulses; freedom from artificial constraint; careless freedom or ease. AÏban¶doned (?), a. 1. Forsaken, deserted. ½Your abandoned streams.¸ Thomson. 2. SelfÐabandoned, or given up to vice; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked ; as, an abandoned villain. Syn.Ð Profligate; dissolute; corrupt; vicious; depraved; reprobate; wicked; unprincipled; graceless; vile. Ð Abandoned, Profligate, Reprobate. These adjectives agree in expressing the idea of great personal depravity. Profligate has reference to open and shameless immoralities, either in private life or political conduct; as, a profligate court, a profligate ministry. Abandoned is stronger, and has reference to the searing of conscience and hardening of heart produced by a man's giving himself wholly up to iniquity; as, a man of abandoned character. Reprobate describes the condition of one who has become insensible to reproof, and who is morally abandoned and lost beyond hope of recovery. God gave them over to a reprobate mind. Rom. i. 28. AÏban¶donedÏly, adv. Unrestrainedly. AÏban·donÏee¶ (?), n. (Law) One to whom anything is legally abandoned. AÏban¶donÏer (?), n. One who abandons. Beau. & Fl. AÏban¶donÏment (?), n. [Cf. F. abandonnement.] 1. The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. The abandonment of the independence of Europe. Burke. 2. (Mar. Law) The relinquishment by the insured to the underwriters of what may remain of the property insured after a loss or damage by a peril insured against. 3. (Com. Law) (a) The relinquishment of a right, claim, or privilege, as to mill site, etc. (b) The voluntary leaving of a person to whom one is bound by a special relation, as a wife, husband, or child; desertion. 4. Careless freedom or ease; abandon. [R.] Carlyle. ØAÏban¶Ïdum (?), n. [LL. See Abandon.] (Law) Anything forfeited or confiscated. Ab¶aÏnet (?), n. See Abnet. ØAÏban¶ga (?), n. [Name given by the negroes in the island of St. Thomas.] A West Indian palm; also the fruit of this palm, the seeds of which are used as a remedy for diseases of the chest. Ab·anÏna¶tion (?), Ab·anÏnition (?),} n. [LL. abannatio; ad + LL. bannire to banish.] (Old Law) Banishment. [Obs.] Bailey. Ab·arÏtic·uÏla¶tion (?), n. [L. ab + E. articulation : cf. F. abarticulation . See Article.] (Anat.) Articulation, usually that kind of articulation which admits of free motion in the joint; diarthrosis. Coxe. AÏbase¶ (?), v.t. [imp.&p.p. Abased (?); p.pr. & vb. n. Abasing.] [F. abaisser, LL. abassare, abbassare ; ad + bassare, fr. bassus low. See Base, a.] 1. To lower or depress; to throw or cast down; as, to abase the eye. [Archaic] Bacon. Saying so, he abased his lance. Shelton. 2. To cast down or reduce low or lower, as in rank, office, condition in life, or estimation of worthiness; to depress; to humble; to degrade. Whosoever exalteth himself shall be abased. Luke xiv.ll. Syn.Ð To Abase, Debase, Degrade. These words agree in the idea of bringing down from a higher to a lower state. Abase has reference to a bringing down in condition or feelings; as to abase one's self before God. Debase has reference to the bringing down of a thing in purity, or making it base. It is, therefore, always used in a bad sense, as, to debase the coin of the kingdom, to debase the mind by vicious indulgence, to debase one's style by coarse or vulgar expressions. Degrade has reference to a bringing down from some higher grade or from some standard. Thus, a priest is degraded from the clerical office. When used in a moral sense, it denotes a bringing down in character and just estimation; as, degraded by intemperance, a degrading employment, etc. ½Art is degraded when it is regarded only as a trade.¸ AÏbased¶ (?), a. 1. Lowered; humbled. 2. (Her.) [F. abaiss‚.] Borne lower than usual, as a fess; also, having the ends of the wings turned downward towards the point of the shield. AÏbas¶edÏly (?), adv. Abjectly; downcastly. AÏbase¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. abaissement.] The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low; the state of being abased or humbled; humiliation. AÏbas¶er (?), n. He who, or that which, abases. AÏbash¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abashed (?); p.pr. & vb. n. Abashing.] [OE. abaissen, abaisshen, abashen, OF.esbahir, F. ‚bahir, to astonish, fr. L. ex + the interjection bah, expressing astonishment. In OE. somewhat confused with abase. Cf. Finish.] To destroy the selfÐpossession of; to confuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to put to shame; to disconcert; to discomfit. Abashed, the devil stood, And felt how awful goodness is. Milton. He was a man whom no check could abash. Macaulay. Syn.Ð To confuse; confound; disconcert; shame. Ð To Abash, Confuse, Confound. Abash is a stronger word than confuse, but not so strong as confound. We are abashed when struck either with sudden shame or with a humbling sense of inferiority; as, Peter was abashed in the presence of those who are greatly his superiors. We are confused when, from some unexpected or startling occurrence, we lose clearness of thought and selfÐpossession. Thus, a witness is often confused by a severe crossÐexamination; a timid person is apt to be confused in entering a room full of strangers. We are confounded when our minds are overwhelmed, as it were, by something wholly unexpected, amazing, dreadful, etc., so that we have nothing to say. Thus, a criminal is usually confounded at the discovery of his guilt. Satan stood Awhile as mute, confounded what to say. Milton. AÏbash¶edÏly (?), adv. In an abashed manner. AÏbash¶ment (?), n. [Cf. F. ‚bahissement.] The state of being abashed; confusion from shame. ØAÏbas¶si (?), ØAÏbas¶sis (?),} n. [Ar.& Per.?, belonging to Abas (a king of Persia).] A silver coin of Persia, worth about twenty cents. AÏbat¶aÏble (?), a. Capable of being abated; as, an abatable writ or nuisance. AÏbate¶ (?), v.t. [imp.& p.p. Abated, p.pr.& vb.n. Abating.] [OF. abatre to beat down, F. abattre, LL. abatere; ab or ad + batere, battere (popular form for L. batuere to beat). Cf. Bate, Batter.] 1. To beat down; to overthrow. [Obs.] The King of Scots ... sore abated the walls. Edw.Hall. 2. To bring down or reduce from a higher to a lower state, number, or degree; to lessen; to diminish; to contract; to moderate; toto cut short; as, to abate a demand; to abate pride, zeal, hope. His eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated. Deut.xxxiv.7. 3. To deduct; to omit; as, to abate something from a price. Nine thousand parishes, abating the odd hundreds. Fuller. 4. To blunt. [Obs.] To abate the edge of envy. Bacon. 5. To reduce in estimation; to deprive. [Obs.] She hath abated me of half my train. Shak. 6. (Law) (a) To bring entirely down or put an end to; to do away with; as, to abate a nuisance, to abate a writ. (b) (Eng. Law) To diminish; to reduce. Legacies are liable to be abated entirely or in proportion, upon a deficiency of assets. To abate a tax, to remit it either wholly or in part. AÏbate¶ (?), v.i. [See Abate, v.t.] 1. To decrease, or become less in strength or violence; as, pain abates, a storm abates. The fury of Glengarry ... rapidly abated. Macaulay. 2. To be defeated, or come to naught; to fall through; to fail; as, a writ abates. To abate into a freehold, To abate in lands (Law), to enter into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, and before the heir takes possession. See Abatement, 4. Syn.Ð To subside; decrease; intermit; decline; diminish; lessen. Ð To Abate, Subside. These words, as here compared, imply a coming down from some previously raised or exited state. Abate expresses this in respect to degrees, and implies a diminution of force or of intensity; as, the storm abates, the cold abates, the force of the wind abates; or, the wind abates, a fever abates. Subside (to settle down) has reference to a previous state of agitation or commotion; as, the waves subside after a storm, the wind subsides into a calm. When the words are used figuratively, the same distinction should be observed. If we conceive of a thing as having different degrees of intensity or strength, the word to be used is abate. Thus we say, a man's anger abates, the ardor of one's love abates, ½Winter rage abates¸. But if the image be that of a sinking down into quiet from preceding excitement or commotion, the word to be used is subside; as, the tumult of the people subsides, the public mind subsided into a calm. The same is the case with those emotions which are tumultuous in their nature; as, his passion subsides, his joy quickly subsided, his grief subsided into a pleasing melancholy. Yet if, in such cases, we were thinking of the degree of violence of the emotion, we might use abate; as, his joy will abate in the progress of time; and so in other instances. AÏbate (?), n. Abatement. [Obs.] Sir T.Browne. AÏbate¶ment (?), n. [OF. abatement , F. abattement.] 1. The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; removal or putting an end to; as, the abatement of a nuisance is the suppression thereof. 2. The amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed. 3. (Her.) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon. 4. (Law) The entry of a stranger, without right, into a freehold after the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone. Defense in abatement, Plea in abatement, (Law), plea to the effect that from some formal defect ( e.g. misnomer, want of jurisdiction) the proceedings should be abated. AÏbat¶er (?), n. One who, or that which, abates. Ab¶aÏtis, Aba¶tÏtis,} (?) n. [F. abatis, abattis, mass of things beaten or cut down, fr. abattre. See Abate.] (Fort.) A means of defense formed by felled trees, the ends of whose branches are sharpened and directed outwards, or against the enemy. Ab¶aÏtised (?), a. Provided with an abatis. AÏba¶tor (?), n. (Law) (a) One who abates a nuisance. (b) A person who, without right, enters into a freehold on the death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. Blackstone. ØA·bat·toir¶ (?), n.; pl. Abattoirs (?). [F., fr. abattre to beat down. See Abate.] A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc. Ab¶aÏture (?), n. [F. abatture, fr. abattre. See Abate.] Grass and sprigs beaten or trampled down by a stag passing through them. Crabb. ØA·bat·voix¶ (?), n. [F. abattre to beat down + voix voice.] The soundingÐboard over a pulpit or rostrum. AbÏawed¶ (?), p.p. [Perh. p.p. of a verb fr. OF. abaubir to frighten, disconcert, fr. L. ad + balbus stammering.] Astonished; abashed. [Obs.] Chaucer. AbÏax¶iÏal (?), AbÏax¶ile (?),} a. [L. ab + axis axle.] (Bot.) Away from the axis or central line; eccentric. Balfour. AÏbay¶ (?), n. [OF. abay barking.] Barking; baying of dogs upon their prey. See Bay. [Obs.] Abb (?), n. [AS. ?; pref. aÐ + web. See Web.] Among weaves, yarn for the warp. Hence, abb wool is wool for the abb. Ab¶ba (?), n. [Syriac ? father. See Abbot.] Father; religious superior; Ð in the Syriac, Coptic, and Ethiopic churches, a title given to the bishops, and by the bishops to the patriarch. Ab¶baÏcy (?), n.; pl. Abbacies (?). [L. abbatia, fr. abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbey.] The dignity, estate, or jurisdiction of an abbot. AbÏba¶tial (?), a. [LL. abbatialis : cf. F. abbatial.] Belonging to an abbey; as, abbatial rights. AbÏbat¶icÏal (?), a. Abbatial. [Obs.] ØAb¶b‚· (?), n.[F. abb‚. See Abbot.] The French word answering to the English abbot, the head of an abbey; but commonly a title of respect given in France to every one vested with the ecclesiastical habit or dress. Littr‚. µ After the 16th century, the name was given, in social parlance, to candidates for some priory or abbey in the gift of the crown. Many of these aspirants became well known in literary and fashionable life. By further extension, the name came to be applied to unbeneficed secular ecclesiastics generally. Ab¶bess (?), n. [OF.abaesse, abeesse, F. abbesse, L. abbatissa, fem. of abbas, abbatis, abbot. See Abbot.] A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. See Abbey. Ab¶bey (?), n.; pl. Abbeys (?). [OF. aba‹e, F. abbaye, L. abbatia, fr. abbas abbot. See Abbot.] 1. A monastery or society of persons of either sex, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy; also, the monastic building or buildings. µ The men are called monks, and governed by an abbot; the women are called nuns, and governed by an abbess. 2. The church of a monastery.

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In London, the Abbey means Westminster Abbey, and in Scotland, the precincts of the Abbey of Holyrood. The name is also retained for a private residence on the site of an abbey; as, Newstead Abbey, the residence of Lord Byron. Syn.Ð Monastery; convent; nunnery; priory; cloister. See Cloister.

Ab¶bot (?), n. [AS. abbod, abbad, L. abbas, abbatis, Gr. ?, fr. Syriac ? father. Cf. Abba, Abb.] 1. The superior or head of an abbey. 2. One of a class of bishops whose sees were formerly abbeys. Encyc.Brit. Abbot of the people, a title formerly given to one of the chief magistrates in Genoa. Ð Abbot of Misrule (or Lord of Misrule), in medi‘val times, the master of revels, as at Christmas; in Scotland called the Abbot of Unreason. Encyc.Brit.

Ab¶botÏship (?), n. [Abbot + Ïship.] The state or office of an abbot. AbÏbre¶viÏate (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abbreviated (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abbreviating.] [L. abbreviatus, p.p. of abbreviare; ad + breviare to shorten, fr. brevis short. See Abridge.] 1. To make briefer; to shorten; to abridge; to reduce by contraction or omission, especially of words written or spoken. It is one thing to abbreviate by contracting, another by cutting off. Bacon. 2. (Math.) To reduce to lower terms, as a fraction. AbÏbre¶viÏate (?), a. [L. abbreviatus, p.p.] 1. Abbreviated; abridged; shortened. [R.] ½The abbreviate form.¸ Earle. 2. (Biol.) Having one part relatively shorter than another or than the ordinary type. AbÏbre¶viÏate, n. An abridgment. [Obs.] Elyot. AbÏbre¶viÏa·ted (?), a. Shortened; relatively short; abbreviate. AbÏbre·viÏa¶tion (?), n. [LL. abbreviatio: cf. F. abbr‚viation.] 1. The act of shortening, or reducing. 2. The result of abbreviating; an abridgment. Tylor. 3. The form to which a word or phrase is reduced by contraction and omission; a letter or letters, standing for a word or phrase of which they are a part; as, Gen. for Genesis; U.S.A. for United States of America. 4. (Mus.) One dash, or more, through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, or demiÐsemiquavers. Moore. AbÏbre¶viÏa·tor (?), n. [LL.: cf. F. abbr‚viateur.] 1. One who abbreviates or shortens. 2. One of a college of seventyÐtwo officers of the papal court whose duty is to make a short minute of a decision on a petition, or reply of the pope to a letter, and afterwards expand the minute into official form. AbÏbre¶viÏaÏtoÏry (?), a. Serving or tending to abbreviate; shortening; abridging. AbÏbre¶viÏaÏture (?), n. 1. An abbreviation; an abbreviated state or form. [Obs.] 2. An abridgment; a compendium or abstract. This is an excellent abbreviature of the whole duty of a Christian. Jer. Taylor. Abb¶ wool (?). See Abb. A B C¶ (?). 1. The first three letters of the alphabet, used for the whole alphabet. 2. A primer for teaching the alphabet and first elements of reading. [Obs.] 3. The simplest rudiments of any subject; as, the A B Cÿof finance. A B C book, a primer. Shak. ØAb¶dal (?), n. [Ar. badÆl, pl. abd¾l, a substitute, a good, religious man, saint, fr. badalaÿto change, substitute.] A religious devotee or dervish in Persia. AbÏde¶riÏan (?), a. [From Abdera, a town in Thrace, of which place Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher, was a native.] Given to laughter; inclined to foolish or incessant merriment. AbÏde¶rite (?), n. [L. Abderita, Abderites, fr. Gr. '?.] An inhabitant of Abdera, in Thrace. The Abderite, Democritus, the Laughing Philosopher. Ab¶dest (?), n. [Per. ¾bdast; ab water + dast hand.] Purification by washing the hands before prayer; Ð a Mohammedan rite. Heyse. Ab¶diÏcaÏble (?), a. Capable of being abdicated. Ab¶diÏcant (?), a. [L. abdicans, p.pr. of abdicare.] Abdicating; renouncing; Ð followed by of. Monks abdicant of their orders. Whitlock. Ab¶diÏcant, n. One who abdicates. Smart. Ab¶diÏcate (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abdicated (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abdicating.] [L. abdicatus, p.p. of abdicare; ab + dicare to proclaim, akin to dicere to say. See Diction.] 1. To surrender or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; as, to abdicate the throne, the crown, the papacy. µ The word abdicate was held to mean, in the case of James II., to abandon without a formal surrender. The crossÐbearers abdicated their service. Gibbon. 2. To renounce; to relinquish; Ð said of authority, a trust, duty, right, etc. He abdicates all right to be his own governor. Burke. The understanding abdicates its functions. Froude. 3. To reject; to cast off. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. 4. (Civil Law) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. Syn. - To give up; quit; vacate; relinquish; forsake; abandon; resign; renounce; desert. Ð To Abdicate, Resign. Abdicate commonly expresses the act of a monarch in voluntary and formally yielding up sovereign authority; as, to abdicate the government. Resign is applied to the act of any person, high or low, who gives back an office or trust into the hands of him who conferred it. Thus, a minister resigns, a military officer resigns, a clerk resigns. The expression, ½The king resigned his crown,¸ sometimes occurs in our later literature, implying that he held it from his people. Ð There are other senses of resign which are not here brought into view. Ab¶diÏcate (?), v.i. To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity. Though a king may abdicate for his own person, he cannot abdicate for the monarchy. Burke. Ab·diÏca¶tion (?), n. [L. abdicatio: cf. F. abdication.] The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder; commonly the voluntary renunciation of sovereign power; as, abdication of the throne, government, power, authority. Ab¶diÏcaÏtive (?), a. [L. abdicativus.] Causing, or implying, abdication. [R.] Bailey. Ab¶diÏca·tor (?), n. One who abdicates. Ab¶diÏtive (?), a. [L. abditivus, fr. abdereÿto hide.] Having the quality of hiding. [R.] Bailey. Ab¶diÏtoÏry (?), n. [L. abditorium.] A place for hiding or preserving articles of value. Cowell. AbÏdo¶men (?), n. [L. abdomen (a word of uncertain etymol.): cf. F. abdomen.] 1. (Anat.) The belly, or that part of the body between the thorax and the pelvis. Also, the cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the stomach, bowels, and other viscera. In man, often restricted to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity. 2. (Zo”l.) The posterior section of the body, behind the thorax, in insects, crustaceans, and other Arthropoda. AbÏdom¶iÏnal (?), a. [Cf. F. abdominal.] 1. Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral; as, the abdominal regions, muscles, cavity. 2. (Zo”l.) Having abdominal fins; belonging to the Abdominales; as, abdominal fishes. Abdominal ring (Anat.), a fancied ringlike opening on each side of the abdomen, external and superior to the pubes; Ð called also inguinal ring. AbÏdom¶iÏnal, n.; E. pl. Abdominals, L. pl. Abdominales. A fish of the group Abdominales. ØAbÏdom·iÏna¶les (?), n. pl. [NL., masc. pl.] (Zo”l.) A group including the greater part of freshÐwater fishes, and many marine ones, having the ventral fins under the abdomen behind the pectorals. ØAbÏdom·iÏna¶liÏa (?), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl.] (Zo”l.) A group of cirripeds having abdominal appendages. AbÏdom·iÏnos¶coÏpy (?), n. [L. abdomen + Gr. ? to examine.] (Med.) Examination of the abdomen to detect abdominal disease. AbÏdom·iÏnoÏthoÏrac¶ic (?), a. Relating to the abdomen and the thorax, or chest. AbÏdom¶iÏnous (?), a. Having a protuberant belly; potÐbellied. Gorgonius sits, abdominous and wan, Like a fat squab upon a Chinese fan. Cowper. AbÏduce¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abduced (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abducing.] [L. abducereÿto lead away; ab + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Abduct.] To draw or conduct away; to withdraw; to draw to a different part. [Obs. or Archaic] If we abduce the eye unto corner, the object will not duplicate. Sir T.Browne. AbÏdu¶cent (?), a. [L. abducens, p.pr. of abducere.] (Physiol.) Drawing away from a common center, or out of the median line; as, the abducent muscles. Opposed to adducent. AbÏduct¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abducted (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abducting.] [L. abductus, p.p. of abducere. See Abduce.] 1. To take away surreptitiously by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually by violence; to kidnap. 2. To draw away, as a limb or other part, from its ordinary position. AbÏduc¶tion (?), n. [L. abductio: cf. F. abduction.] 1. The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; a carrying away. Roget. 2. (Physiol.) The movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. 3. (Law) The wrongful, and usually the forcible, carrying off of a human being; as, the abduction of a child, the abduction of an heiress. 4. (Logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major is evident, but the minor is only probable. AbÏduc¶tor (?), n. [NL.] 1. One who abducts. 2. (Anat.) A muscle which serves to draw a part out, or form the median line of the body; as, the abductor oculi, which draws the eye outward. AÏbeam¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ + beam.] (Naut.) On the beam, that is, on a line which forms a right angle with the ship's keel; opposite to the center of the ship's side. AÏbear¶ (?), v.t. [AS. ¾beran; pref. ¾Ï + beran to bear.] 1. To bear; to behave. [Obs.] So did the faery knight himself abear. Spenser. 2. To put up with; to endure. [Prov.] Dickens. AÏbear¶ance (?), n. Behavior. [Obs.] Blackstone. AÏbear¶ing, n. Behavior. [Obs.] Sir. T.More. A·beÏceÏda¶riÏan (?), n. [L. abecedarius. A word from the first four letters of the alphabet.] 1. One who is learning the alphabet; hence, a tyro. 2. One engaged in teaching the alphabet. Wood. A·beÏceÏda¶riÏan, A·beÏce¶daÏry (?), } a. Pertaining to, or formed by, the letters of the alphabet; alphabetic; hence, rudimentary. Abecedarian psalms, hymns, etc., compositions in which (like the 119th psalm in Hebrew) distinct portions or verses commence with successive letters of the alphabet. Hook. A·beÏce¶daÏry (?), n. A primer; the first principle or rudiment of anything. [R.] Fuller. AÏbed¶ (?), adv. [Pref. aÏ in, on + bed.] 1. In bed, or on the bed. Not to be abed after midnight. Shak. 2. To childbed (in the phrase ½brought abed,¸ that is, delivered of a child). Shak. AÏbeg¶ge (?). Same as Aby. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏbele¶ (?), n. [D. abeel (abeelÐboom), OF. abel, aubel, fr. a dim. of L. albus white.] The white polar (Populus alba). Six abeles i' the churchyard grow. Mrs. Browning. AÏbel¶iÏan (?), A¶belÏite (?), A·belÏo¶niÏan (?), } n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect in Africa (4th century), mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married, but lived in continence, after the manner, as they pretended, of Abel. A¶belÏmosk· (?), n. [NL. abelmoschus, fr. Ar. abuÐlÐmisk father of musk, i.e., producing musk. See Musk.] (Bot.) An evergreen shrub (Hibiscus Ð formerly AbelmoschusÐmoschatus), of the East and West Indies and Northern Africa, whose musky seeds are used in perfumery and to flavor coffee; Ð sometimes called musk mallow. Ab· erÐdeÐvine¶ (?), n. (Zo”l.) The European siskin (Carduelis spinus), a small green and yellow finch, related to the goldfinch. AbÏerr¶ (?), v.i. [L. aberrare. See Aberrate.] To wander; to stray. [Obs.] Sir T.Browne. AbÏer¶rance (?), AbÏer¶ranÏcy (?), } n. State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude, etc. Aberrancy of curvature (Geom.), the deviation of a curve from a circular form. AbÏer¶rant (?), a. [L. aberrans, Ïrantis, p.pr. of aberrare.] See Aberr.] 1. Wandering; straying from the right way. 2. (Biol.) Deviating from the ordinary or natural type; exceptional; abnormal. The more aberrant any form is, the greater must have been the number of connecting forms which, on my theory, have been exterminated. Darwin. Ab¶erÏrate (?), v.i. [L. aberratus, p.pr. of aberrare; ab + errare to wander. See Err.] To go astray; to diverge. [R.] Their own defective and aberrating vision. De Quincey. Ab·erÏra¶tion (?), n. [L. aberratio: cf. F. aberration. See Aberrate.] 1. The act of wandering; deviation, especially from truth or moral rectitude, from the natural state, or from a type. ½The aberration of youth.¸ Hall. ½Aberrations from theory.¸ Burke. 2. A partial alienation of reason. ½Occasional aberrations of intellect.¸ Lingard. Whims, which at first are the aberrations of a single brain, pass with heat into epidemic form. I.Taylor. 3. (Astron.) A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and dairy or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetaryÿaberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth. 4. (Opt.) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; called spherical aberration, when due to the spherical form of the lens or mirror, such form giving different foci for central and marginal rays; and chromatic aberration, when due to different refrangibilities of the colored rays of the spectrum, those of each color having a distinct focus. 5. (Physiol.) The passage of blood or other fluid into parts not appropriate for it. 6. (Law) The producing of an unintended effect by the glancing of an instrument, as when a shot intended for A glances and strikes B. Syn. - Insanity; lunacy; madness; derangement; alienation; mania; dementia; hallucination; illusion; delusion. See Insanity. Ab·erÏra¶tionÏal (?), a. Characterized by aberration. Ab·eÏrun¶cate (?), v.t. [L. aberuncare, for aberruncare. See Averruncate.] To weed out. [Obs.] Bailey. Ab·eÏrun¶caÏtor (?), n. A weeding machine. AÏbet¶ (?), v.t. [imp. & p.p. Abetted (?); p.pr. & vb.n. Abetting.] [OF. abeter; a (L. ad) + beter to bait (as a bear), fr. Icel. beita to set dogs on, to feed, originally, to cause to bite, fr. Icel. bÆtaÿto bite, hence to bait, to incite. See Bait, Bet.] 1. To instigate or encourage by aid or countenance; Ð used in a bad sense of persons and acts; as, to abet an illÐdoer; to abet one in his wicked courses; to abet vice; to abet an insurrection. ½The whole tribe abets the villany.¸ South. Would not the fool abet the stealth, Who rashly thus exposed his wealth? Gay. 2. To support, uphold, or aid; to maintain; Ð in a good sense. [Obs.]r duty is urged, and our confidence abetted. Jer. Taylor. 3. (Law)To contribute, as an assistant or instigator, to the commission of an offense. Syn. - To incite; instigate; set on; egg on; foment; advocate; countenance; encourage; second; uphold; aid; assist; support; sustain; back; connive at. AÏbet¶ (?), n. [OF. abet, fr. abeter.] Act of abetting; aid. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏbet¶ment (?), n. The act of abetting; as, an abetment of treason, crime, etc. AÏbet¶tal (?), n. Abetment. [R.]

<-- p. 4 -->

AÏbet¶ter, AÏbetÏtor } (#), n. One who abets; an instigator of an offense or an offender. µ The form abettor is the legal term and also in general use. Syn. Ð Abettor, Accessory, Accomplice. These words denote different degrees of complicity in some deed or crime. An abettor is one who incites or encourages to the act, without sharing in its performance. An accessory supposes a principal offender. One who is neither the chief actor in an offense, nor present at its performance, but accedes to or becomes involved in its guilt, either by some previous or subsequent act, as of instigating, encouraging, aiding, or concealing, etc., is an accessory. An accomplice is one who participates in the commission of an offense, whether as principal or accessory. Thus in treason, there are no abettors or accessories, but all are held to be principals or accomplices. Ab·eÏvac¶uÏa¶tion (#), n. [Pref. abÏ + evacuation.] (Med.) A partial evacuation. Mayne. AÏbey¶ance (#), n. [OF. abeance expectation, longing; a (L. ad) + baer, beer, to gape, to look with open mouth, to expect, F. bayer, LL. badare to gape.] 1. (Law) Expectancy; condition of being undetermined. µ When there is no person in existence in whom an inheritance (or a dignity) can vest, it is said to be in abeyance, that is, in expectation; the law considering it as always potentially existing, and ready to vest whenever a proper owner appears. Blackstone. 2. Suspension; temporary suppression. Keeping the sympathies of love and admiration in a dormant state, or state of abeyance. De Quincey. AÏbey¶anÏcy (#), n. Abeyance. [R.] Hawthorne. AÏbey¶ant (#), a. Being in a state of abeyance. Ø Ab¶hal (#), n. The berries of a species of cypress in the East Indies. AbÏhom¶iÏnaÏble (#), a. Abominable. [A false orthography anciently used; h was foisted into various words; hence abholish, for abolish, etc.] This is abhominable, which he [Don Armado] would call abominable. Shak. Love's Labor's Lost, v. 1. AbÏhom·iÏnal (#), a. [L. ab away from + homo, hominis, man.] Inhuman. [Obs.] Fuller. AbÏhor¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abhorred (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abhorring.] [L. abhorrere; ab + horrere to bristle, shiver, shudder: cf. F. abhorrer. See Horrid.] 1. To shrink back with shuddering from; to regard with horror or detestation; to feel excessive repugnance toward; to detest to extremity; to loathe. Abhor that which is evil; cleave to that which is good. Rom. xii. 9. 2. To fill with horror or disgust. [Obs.] It doth abhor me now I speak the word. Shak. 3. (Canon Law) To protest against; to reject solemnly. [Obs.] I utterly abhor, yea, from my soul Refuse you for my judge. Shak. Syn. Ð To hate; detest; loathe; abominate. See Hate. AbÏhor¶, v. i. To shrink back with horror, disgust, or dislike; to be contrary or averse; Ð with from. [Obs.] ½To abhor from those vices.¸ Udall. Which is utterly abhorring from the end of all law. Milton. AbÏhor¶rence (#), n. Extreme hatred or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike. AbÏhor¶renÏcy (#), n. Abhorrence. [Obs.] Locke. AbÏhor¶rent (#), a. [L. abhorens, Ïrentis, p. pr. of abhorrere.] 1. Abhorring; detesting; having or showing abhorrence; loathing; hence, strongly opposed to; as, abhorrent thoughts. The persons most abhorrent from blood and treason. Burke. The arts of pleasure in despotic courts I spurn abhorrent. Clover. 2. Contrary or repugnant; discordant; inconsistent; Ð followed by to. ½Injudicious profanation, so abhorrent to our stricter principles.¸ Gibbon. 3. Detestable. ½Pride, abhorrent as it is.¸ I. Taylor. AbÏhor¶rentÏly, adv. With abhorrence. AbÏhor¶rer (#), n. One who abhors. Hume. AbÏhor¶riÏble (#), a. Detestable. [R.] AbÏhor¶ring (#), n. 1. Detestation. Milton. 2. Object of abhorrence. Isa. lxvi. 24. Ø A¶bib (#), n. [Heb. abÆb, lit. an ear of corn. The month was so called from barley being at that time in ear.] The first month of the Jewish ecclesiastical year, corresponding nearly to our April. After the Babylonish captivity this month was called Nisan. Kitto. AÏbid¶ance (#), n. The state of abiding; abode; continuance; compliance (with). The Christians had no longer abidance in the holy hill of Palestine. Fuller. A judicious abidance by rules. Helps. AÏbide¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abode (#), formerly Abid (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abiding (#).] [AS. ¾bÆdan; pref. ? (cf. Goth. usÏ, G. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + bÆdan to bide. See Bide.] 1. To wait; to pause; to delay. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To stay; to continue in a place; to have one's abode; to dwell; to sojourn; Ð with with before a person, and commonly with at or in before a place. Let the damsel abide with us a few days. Gen. xxiv. 55. 3. To remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to continue; to remain. Let every man abide in the same calling. 1 Cor. vii. 20. Followed by by: To abide by. (a) To stand to; to adhere; to maintain. The poor fellow was obstinate enough to abide by what he said at first. Fielding. (b) To acquiesce; to conform to; as, to abide by a decision or an award. AÏbide¶, v. t. 1. To wait for; to be prepared for; to await; to watch for; as, I abide my time. ½I will abide the coming of my lord.¸ Tennyson. [Obs., with a personal object.] Bonds and afflictions abide me. Acts xx. 23. 2. To endure; to sustain; to submit to. shalt abide her judgment on it. Tennyson. 3. To bear patiently; to tolerate; to put up with. She could not abide Master Shallow. Shak. 4. [Confused with aby to pay for. See Aby.] To stand the consequences of; to answer for; to suffer for. Dearly I abide that boast so vain. Milton. AÏbid¶er (#), n. 1. One who abides, or continues. [Obs.] ½Speedy goers and strong abiders.¸ Sidney. 2. One who dwells; a resident. Speed. AÏbid¶ing, a. Continuing; lasting. AÏbid¶ingÏly, adv. Permanently. Carlyle. Ø A¶biÏes (#), n. [L., fir tree.] (Bot.) A genus of coniferous trees, properly called Fir, as the balsam fir and the silver fir. The spruces are sometimes also referred to this genus. Ab¶iÏeÏtene (#), n. [L. abies, abietis, a fir tree.] A volatile oil distilled from the resin or balsam of the nut pine (Pinus sabiniana) of California. Ab·iÏet¶ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to the fir tree or its products; as, abietic acid, called also sylvic acid. Watts. Ab¶iÏeÏtin, Ab¶iÏeÏtine } (#), n. [See Abietene.] (Chem.) A resinous obtained from Strasburg turpentine or Canada balsam. It is without taste or smell, is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol (especially at the boiling point), in strong acetic acid, and in ether. Watts. Ab·iÏtin¶ic (#), a. Of or pertaining to abietin; as, abietinic acid. Ab¶iÏtite (#), n. (Chem.) A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies pectinata). Eng. Cyc. Ab¶iÏgail (#), n. [The proper name used as an appellative.] A lady's waitingÐmaid. Pepys. Her abigail reported that Mrs. Gutheridge had a set of night curls for sleeping in. Leslie. AÏbil¶iÏment (#), n. Habiliment. [Obs.] AÏbil¶iÏty (#), n.; pl. Abilities (#). [F. habilet‚, earlier spelling habilit‚ (with silent h), L. habilitas aptitude, ability, fr. habilis apt. See Able.] The quality or state of being able; power to perform, whether physical, moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal; capacity; skill or competence in doing; sufficiency of strength, skill, resources, etc.; Ð in the plural, faculty, talent. Then the disciples, every man according to his ability, determined to send relief unto the brethren. Acts xi. 29. Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study. Bacon. The public men of England, with much of a peculiar kind of ability. Macaulay. Syn. Ð Capacity; talent; cleverness; faculty; capability; efficiency; aptitude; aptness; address; dexterity; skill. Ability, Capacity. These words come into comparison when applied to the higher intellectual powers. Ability has reference to the active exercise of our faculties. It implies not only native vigor of mind, but that ease and promptitude of execution which arise from mental training. Thus, we speak of the ability with which a book is written, an argument maintained, a negotiation carried on, etc. It always something to be done, and the power of doing it. Capacity has reference to the receptive powers. In its higher exercises it supposes great quickness of apprehension and breadth of intellect, with an uncommon aptitude for acquiring and retaining knowledge. Hence it carries with it the idea of resources and undeveloped power. Thus we speak of the extraordinary capacity of such men as Lord Bacon, Blaise Pascal, and Edmund Burke. ½Capacity,¸ says H. Taylor, ½is requisite to devise, and ability to execute, a great enterprise.¸ The word abilities, in the plural, embraces both these qualities, and denotes high mental endowments. AÏbime¶ or AÏbyme¶ (#), n. [F. abŒme. See Abysm.] A abyss. [Obs.] Ab·iÏoÏgen¶eÏsis (#), n. [Gr. ? priv. + ? life + ?, origin, birth.] (Biol.) The supposed origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents; spontaneous generation; Ð called also abiogeny, and opposed to biogenesis. I shall call the... doctrine that living matter may be produced by not living matter, the hypothesis of abiogenesis. Huxley, 1870. Ab·iÏoÏgeÏnet¶ic (#), a. (Biol.) Of or pertaining to abiogenesis. Ð Ab·iÏoÏgeÏnet¶icÏalÏly (#), adv. Ab·iÏog¶eÏnist (#), n. (Biol.) One who believes that life can be produced independently of antecedent. Huxley. Ab·iÏog¶eÏnous (#), a. (Biol.) Produced by spontaneous generation. Ab·iÏog¶eÏny (#), n. (Biol.) Same as Abiogenesis. Ab·iÏoÏlog¶icÏal (#), a. [Gr. ? priv. + E. biological.] Pertaining to the study of inanimate things. AbÏir¶riÏtant (#), n. (Med.) A medicine that diminishes irritation. AbÏir¶riÏtate (#), v. t. [Pref. abÏ + irritate.] (Med.) To diminish the sensibility of; to debilitate. AbÏir·riÏta¶tion (#), n. (Med.) A pathological condition opposite to that of irritation; debility; want of strength; asthenia. AbÏir¶riÏtaÏtive (#), a. (Med.) Characterized by abirritation or debility. AÏbit¶ (#), 3d sing. pres. of Abide. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ab¶ject (#), a. [L. abjectus, p. p. of abjicere to throw away; ab + jacere to throw. See Jet a shooting forth.] 1. Cast down; lowÐlying. [Obs.] From the safe shore their floating carcasses And broken chariot wheels; so thick bestrown Abject and lost lay these, covering the flood. Milton. 2. Sunk to a law condition; down in spirit or hope; degraded; servile; groveling; despicable; as, abject posture, fortune, thoughts. ½Base and abject flatterers.¸ Addison. ½An abject liar.¸ Macaulay. And banish hence these abject, lowly dreams. Shak. Syn. Ð Mean; groveling; cringing; meanÐspirited; slavish; ignoble; worthless; vile; beggarly; contemptible; degraded. AbÏject¶ (#), v. t. [From Abject, a.] To cast off or down; hence, to abase; to degrade; to lower; to debase. [Obs.] Donne. Ab¶ject (#), n. A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; a castaway. [Obs.] Shall these abjects, these victims, these outcasts, know any thing of pleasure? I. Taylor. AbÏject¶edÏness (#), n. A very abject or low condition; abjectness. [R.] Boyle. AbÏjec¶tion (#), n. [F. abjection, L. abjectio.] 1. The act of bringing down or humbling. ½The abjection of the king and his realm.¸ Joe. 2. The state of being rejected or cast out. [R.] An adjection from the beatific regions where God, and his angels and saints, dwell forever. Jer. Taylor. 3. A low or downcast state; meanness of spirit; abasement; degradation. That this should be termed baseness, abjection of mind, or servility, is it credible? Hooker. Ab¶jectÏly (#), adv. Meanly; servilely. Ab¶jectÏness, n. The state of being abject; abasement; meanness; servility. Grew. AbÏjudge¶ (#), v. t. [Pref. abÏ + judge, v. Cf. Abjudicate.] To take away by judicial decision. [R.] AbÏju¶diÏcate (#), v. t. [L. abjudicatus, p. p. of abjudicare; ab + judicare. See Judge, and cf. Abjudge.] To reject by judicial sentence; also, to abjudge. [Obs.] Ash. AbÏju·diÏca¶tion (#), n. Rejection by judicial sentence. [R.] Knowles. Ab¶juÏgate (#), v. t. [L. abjugatus, p. p. of abjugare.] To unyoke. [Obs.] Bailey. AbÏjunc¶tive (#), a. [L. abjunctus, p. p. of abjungere; ab + jungere to join.] Exceptional. [R.] It is this power which leads on from the accidental and abjunctive to the universal. I. Taylor. Ab·juÏra¶tion (#), n. [L. abjuratio: cf. F. abjuration.] 1. The act of abjuring or forswearing; a renunciation upon oath; as, abjuration of the realm, a sworn banishment, an oath taken to leave the country and never to return. 2. A solemn recantation or renunciation; as, an abjuration of heresy. Oath of abjuration, an oath asserting the right of the present royal family to the crown of England, and expressly abjuring allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender. Brande & C. AbÏju¶raÏtoÏry (#), a. Containing abjuration. AbÏjure¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abjured (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abjuring (#).] [L. abjurare to deny upon oath; ab + jurare to swear, fr. jus, juris, right, law; cf. F. abjurer. See Jury.] 1. To renounce upon oath; to forswear; to disavow; as, to abjure allegiance to a prince. To abjure the realm, is to swear to abandon it forever. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity; to recant; to abandon forever; to reject; repudiate; as, to abjure errors. ½Magic I here abjure.¸ Shak. Syn. Ð See Renounce. AbÏjure¶, v. i. To renounce on oath. Bp. Burnet. AbÏjure¶ment (#), n. Renunciation. [R.] AbÏjur¶er (#), n. One who abjures. AbÏlac¶tate (#), v. t. [L. ablactatus, p. p. of ablactare; ab + lactare to suckle, fr. lac milk.] To wean. [R.] Bailey. Ab·lacÏta¶tion (#). n. 1. The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young beasts from their dam. Blount. 2. (Hort.) The process of grafting now called inarching, or grafting by approach. AbÏla¶queÏate (#), v. t. [L. ablaqueatus, p. p. of. ablaqueare; fr. ab + laqueus a noose.] To lay bare, as the roots of a tree. [Obs.] Bailey. AbÏla·queÏa¶tion (#), n. [L. ablaqueatio.] The act or process of laying bare the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. [Obs.] Evelyn. Ab·lasÏtem¶ic (#), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? growth.] (Biol.) NonÐgerminal. AbÏla¶tion (#), n. [L. ablatio, fr. ablatus p. p. of auferre to carry away; ab + latus, p. p. of ferre carry: cf. F. ablation. See Tolerate.] 1. A carrying or taking away; removal. Jer. Taylor. 2. (Med.) Extirpation. Dunglison. 3. (Geol.) Wearing away; superficial waste. Tyndall. Ab·laÏti¶tious (#), a. Diminishing; as, an ablatitious force. Sir J. Herschel. Ab¶laÏtive (#), a. [F. ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus fr. ablatus. See Ablation.] 1. Taking away or removing. [Obs.] Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablatire directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth. Bp. Hall. 2. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, Ð the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away. Ab¶laÏtive, (Gram.) The ablative case. ablative absolute, costruction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e., Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came. Ø Ab¶laut (#), n. [Ger., offÐsound; ab off + laut sound.] (Philol.) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation; as, get, gat, got; sing, song; hang, hung. Earle.

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AÏblaze¶ (#), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + blaze.] 1. On fire; in a blaze, gleaming. Milman. All ablaze with crimson and gold. Longfellow. 2. In a state of glowing excitement or ardent desire. The young Cambridge democrats were all ablaze to assist Torrijos. Carlyle. A¶ble (#), a. [Comp. Abler (#); superl. Ablest (#).] [OF. habile, L. habilis that may be easily held or managed, apt, skillful, fr. habere to have, hold. Cf. Habile and see Habit.] 1. Fit; adapted; suitable. [Obs.] A many man, to ben an abbot able. Chaucer. 2. Having sufficient power, strength, force, skill, means, or resources of any kind to accomplish the object; possessed of qualifications rendering competent for some end; competent; qualified; capable; as, an able workman, soldier, seaman, a man able to work; a mind able to reason; a person able to be generous; able to endure pain; able to play on a piano. 3. Specially: Having intellectual qualifications, or strong mental powers; showing ability or skill; talented; clever; powerful; as, the ablest man in the senate; an able speech. No man wrote abler state papers. Macaulay. 4. (Law) Legally qualified; possessed of legal competence; as, able to inherit or devise property. Able for, is Scotticism. ½Hardly able for such a march.¸ Robertson. Syn. Ð Competent; qualified; fitted; efficient; effective; capable; skillful; clever; vigorous; powerful. A¶ble, v. t. [See Able, a.] [Obs.] 1. To make able; to enable; to strengthen. Chaucer. 2. To vouch for. ½I 'll able them.¸ Shak. ÏaÏble (#). [F. Ïable, L. Ïabilis.] An adjective suffix now usually in a passive sense; able to be; fit to be; expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense; as, movable, able to be moved; amendable, able to be amended; blamable, fit to be blamed; salable. The form Ïible is used in the same sense. µ It is difficult to say when we are not to use Ïable instead of Ïible. ½Yet a rule may be laid down as to when we are to use it. To all verbs, then, from the AngloÐSaxon, to all based on the uncorrupted infinitival stems of Latin verbs of the first conjugation, and to all substantives, whencesoever sprung, we annex Ïable only.¸ Fitzed. Hall. A·bleÐbod¶ied (#), a. Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust. ½AbleÐbodied vagrant.¸ Froude. Ð A·bleÐbod¶iedÏness, n. Ab¶leÏgate (#), v. t. [L. ablegatus, p. p. of ablegare; ab + legare to send with a commission. See Legate.] To send abroad. [Obs.] Bailey. Ab¶leÏgate (#), n. (R. C. Ch.) A representative of the pope charged with important commissions in foreign countries, one of his duties being to bring to a newly named cardinal his insignia of office. Ab·leÏga¶tion (#), n. [L. ablegatio.] The act of sending abroad. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor. A·bleÐmind¶ed (#), a. Having much intellectual power. Ð A·bleÐmind¶edÏness, n. A¶bleÏness (#), n. Ability of body or mind; force; vigor. [Obs. or R.] Ab¶lepÏsy (#), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to see.] Blindness. [R.] Urquhart. A¶bler (#), a., comp. of Able. Ð A¶blest (#), a., superl. of Able. Ab¶let (#), Ab¶len ] [F. ablet, ablette, a dim. fr. LL. abula, for albula, dim. of albus white. Cf. Abele.] (Zo”l.) A small freshÐwater fish (Leuciscus alburnus); the bleak. Ab¶liÏgate (#), v. t. [L. ab + ligatus, p. p. of ligare to tie.] To tie up so as to hinder from. [Obs.] AbÏlig·uÏri¶tion (?), n. [L. abligurito, fr. abligurire to spend in luxurious indulgence; ab + ligurire to be lickerish, dainty, fr. lingere to lick.] Prodigal expense for food. [Obs.] Bailey. A¶blins (#), adv. [See Able.] Perhaps. [Scot.] AÏbloom¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÏ + bloom.] In or into bloom; in a blooming state. Masson. AbÏlude¶ (#), v. t. [L. abludere; ab + ludere to play.] To be unlike; to differ. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Ab¶luÏent (#), a. [L. abluens, p. pr. of. abluere to wash away; ab + luere (lavere, lavare). See Lave.] Washing away; carrying off impurities; detergent. Ð n. (Med.) A detergent. AÏblush¶ (#), adv. & a. [Pref. aÏ + blush.] Blushing; ruddy. AbÏlu·tion (#), n. [L. ablutio, fr. abluere: cf. F. ablution. See Abluent.] 1. The act of washing or cleansing; specifically, the washing of the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. 2. The water used in cleansing. ½Cast the ablutions in the main.¸ Pope. 3. (R. C. Ch.) A small quantity of wine and water, which is used to wash the priest's thumb and index finger after the communion, and which then, as perhaps containing portions of the consecrated elements, is drunk by the priest. AbÏlu¶tionÏaÏry (#), a. Pertaining to ablution. AbÏlu¶viÏon (#), n. [LL. abluvio. See Abluent.] That which is washed off. [R.] Dwight. A¶bly (#), adv. In an able manner; with great ability; as, ably done, planned, said. ÏaÏbly (#). A suffix composed of Ïable and the adverbial suffix Ïly; as, favorably. Ab¶neÏgate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abnegated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abnegating.] [L. abnegatus,p. p. of abnegare; ab + negare to deny. See Deny.] To deny and reject; to abjure. Sir E. Sandys. Farrar. Ab·neÏga¶tion (#), n. [L. abnegatio: cf. F. abn‚gation.] a denial; a renunciation. With abnegation of God, of his honor, and of religion, they may retain the friendship of the court. Knox. Ab¶neÏgaÏtive (#), a. [L. abnegativus.] Denying; renouncing; negative. [R.] Clarke. Ab¶neÐga·tor (#), n. [L.] One who abnegates, denies, or rejects anything. [R.] Ø Ab¶net (#), n. [Heb.] The girdle of a Jewish priest or officer. Ab¶noÏdate (#), v. t. [L. abnodatus, p. p. of abnodare; ab + nodus knot.] To clear (tress) from knots. [R.] Blount. Ab·noÏda¶tion (#), n. The act of cutting away the knots of trees. [R.] Crabb. AbÏnor¶mal (#), a. [For earlier anormal.F. anormal, LL. anormalus for anomalus, Gr. ?. Confused with L. abnormis. See Anomalous, Abnormous, Anormal.] Not conformed to rule or system; deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. ½That deviating from the type; anomalous; irregular. ¸ Froude. Ab·norÏmal¶iÏty (#), n.; pl. Abnormalities (#). 1. The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. Darwin. 2. Something abnormal. AbÏnor¶malÏly (#), adv. In an abnormal manner; irregularly. Darwin. AbÏnor¶miÏty (#), n.; pl. Abnormities (#). [LL. abnormitas. See Abnormous.] Departure from the ordinary type; irregularity; monstrosity. ½An abnormity... like a calf born with two heads.¸ Mrs. Whitney. AbÏnor¶mous (#), a. [L. abnormis; ab + norma rule. See Normal.] Abnormal; irregular. Hallam. A character of a more abnormous cast than his equally suspected coadjutor. State Trials. AÏboard¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÏ on, in + board.] . On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car. 2. Alongside; as, close aboard. Naut.: To fall aboard of, to strike a ship's side; to fall foul of. Ð To haul the tacks aboard, to set the courses. Ð To keep the land aboard, to hug the shore. Ð To lay (a ship) aboard, to place one's own ship close alongside of (a ship) for fighting. AÏboard¶, prep. 1. On board of; as, to go aboard a ship. 2.Across; athwart. [Obs.] Nor iron bands aboard The Pontic Sea by their huge navy cast. Spenser. AÏbod¶ance (#), n. [See Bode.] An omen; a portending. [Obs.] AÏbode¶ (#), pret. of Abide. AÏbode¶, n. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.] 1. Act of waiting; delay. [Obs.] Shak. And with her fled away without abode. Spenser. 2. Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. He waxeth at your abode here. Fielding. 3. Place of continuance, or where one dwells; abiding place; residence; a dwelling; a habitation. Come, let me lead you to our poor abode. Wordsworth. AÏbode¶, n. [See Bode, v. t.] An omen. [Obs.] HighÐthundering Juno's husband stirs my spirit with true abodes. Chapman. AÏbode¶, v. t. To bode; to foreshow. [Obs.] Shak. AÏbode¶, v. i. To be ominous. [Obs.] Dryden. AÏbode¶ment (#), n. A foreboding; an omen. [Obs.] ½Abodements must not now affright us.¸ Shak. AÏbod¶ing (#), n. A foreboding. [Obs.] AÏbol¶ish (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abolished (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abolishing.] [F. abolir, L. abolere, aboletum; ab + olere to grow. Cf. Finish.] 1. To do away with wholly; to annul; to make void; Ð said of laws, customs, institutions, governments, etc.; as, to abolish slavery, to abolish folly. 2. To put an end to, or destroy, as a physical objects; to wipe out. [Archaic] And with thy blood abolish so reproachful blot. Spenser. His quick instinctive hand Caught at the hilt, as to abolish him. Tennyson. Syn. Ð To Abolish, Repeal, Abrogate, Revoke, Annul, Nullify, Cancel. These words have in common the idea of setting aside by some overruling act. Abolish applies particularly to things of a permanent nature, such as institutions, usages, customs, etc.; as, to abolish monopolies, serfdom, slavery. Repeal describes the act by which the legislature of a state sets aside a law which it had previously enacted. Abrogate was originally applied to the repeal of a law by the Roman people; and hence, when the power of making laws was usurped by the emperors, the term was applied to their act of setting aside the laws. Thus it came to express that act by which a sovereign or an executive government sets aside laws, ordinances, regulations, treaties, conventions, etc. Revoke denotes the act or recalling some previous grant which conferred, privilege, etc.; as, to revoke a decree, to revoke a power of attorney, a promise, etc. Thus, also, we speak of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Annul is used in a more general sense, denoting simply to make void; as, to annul a contract, to annul an agreement. Nullify is an old word revived in this country, and applied to the setting of things aside either by force or by total disregard; as, to nullify an act of Congress. Cancel is to strike out or annul, by a deliberate exercise of power, something which has operative force. AÏbol¶ishÏaÏble (#), a. [Cf. F. abolissable.] Capable of being abolished. AÏbol¶ishÏer (#), n. One who abolishes. AÏbol¶ishÏment (#), n. [Cf. F. abolissement.] The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. Hooker. Ab¶oÏli¶tion (#), n. [L. abolitio, fr. abolere: cf. F. abolition. See Abolish.] The act of abolishing, or the state of being abolished; an annulling; abrogation; utter destruction; as, the abolition of slavery or the slave trade; the abolition of laws, decrees, ordinances, customs, taxes, debts, etc. µ The application of this word to persons is now unusual or obsolete Ab·oÏli¶tionÏism (#), n. The principles or measures of abolitionists. Wilberforce. Ab·oÏli¶tionÏist, n. A person who favors the abolition of any institution, especially negro slavery. Ab·oÏli·tionÏize (#), v. t. To imbue with the principles of abolitionism. [R.] Bartlett. Ø AÏbo¶ma (#), n. (Zo”l.) A large South American serpent (Boa aboma). Ø Ab·oÏma¶sum (#), Ø Ab·oÏma¶sus (#), } n. [NL., fr. L. ab + omasum (a Celtic word.) (Anat.) The fourth or digestive stomach of a ruminant, which leads from the third stomach omasum. See Ruminantia. AÏboom¶iÏnaÏble (#), a. [F. abominable. L. abominalis. See Abominate.] 1. Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. 2. Excessive; large; Ð used as an intensive. [Obs.] µ Juliana Berners... informs us that in her time [15th c.], ½a bomynable syght of monkes¸ was elegant English for ½a large company of friars.¸ G. P. Marsh. AÏbom¶iÏnaÏbleÏness, n. The quality or state of being abominable; odiousness. Bentley. AÏbom¶iÏnaÏbly (#), adv. In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably. AÏbom¶iÏnate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abominated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abominating.] [L. abominatus, p. p. or abominari to deprecate as ominous, to abhor, to curse; ab + omen a foreboding. See Omen.] To turn from as illÐomened; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread; loathe; as, to abominate all impiety. Syn. Ð To hate; abhor; loathe; detest. See Hate. AÏbom·iÏna¶tion (#), n. [OE. abominacioun, Ïcion, F. abominatio. See Abominate.] 1. The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred; abhorrence; detestation; loathing; as, he holds tobacco in abomination. 2. That which is abominable; anything hateful, wicked, or shamefully vile; an object or state that excites disgust and hatred; a hateful or shameful vice; pollution. Antony, most large in his abominations. Shak. 3. A cause of pollution or wickedness. Syn. Ð Detestation; loathing; abhorrence; disgust; aversion; loathsomeness; odiousness. AÏbom¶iÏna·tor (#), n. One who abominates. Sir W. Scott. AÏboon¶ (#), prep. and adv. Above. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Aboon the pass of BallyÐBrough. Sir W. Scott. The ceiling fair that rose aboon. J. R. Drake. AbÏo¶ral (#), a. [L. ab. + E. oral.] (Zo”l.) Situated opposite to, or away from, the mouth. Ø AÏbord¶ (#), n. [F.] Manner of approaching or accosting; address. Chesterfield. AÏbord¶ (#), v. t. [F. aborder, ? (L. ad) + bord rim, brim, or side of a vessel. See Border, Board.] To approach; to accost. [Obs.] Digby. Ab·oÏrig¶iÏnal (#), a. [See Aborigines.] 1. First; original; indigenous; primitive; native; as, the aboriginal tribes of America. ½Mantled o'er with aboriginal turf.¸ Wordsworth. 2. Of or pertaining to aborigines; as, a Hindoo of aboriginal blood. Ab·oÏrig¶iÏnal, n. 1. An original inhabitant of any land; one of the aborigines. 2. An animal or a plant native to the region. It may well be doubted whether this frog is an aboriginal of these islands. Darwin. Ab·oÏrig·iÏnal¶iÏty (#), n. The quality of being aboriginal. Westm. Rev. Ab·oÏrig¶iÏnalÏly (#), adv. Primarily. Ab·oÏrig¶iÏness (#), n. pl. [L. Aborigines; ab + origo, especially the first inhabitants of Latium, those who originally (ab origine) inhabited Latium or Italy. See Origin.] 1. The earliest known inhabitants of a country; native races. 2. The original fauna and flora of a geographical area AÏborse¶ment (#), n. Abortment; abortion. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. AÏbor¶sive (#), a. Abortive. [Obs.] Fuller. AÏbort¶ (#), v. i. [L. abortare, fr. abortus, p. p. of aboriri; ab + oriri to rise, to be born. See Orient.] 1. To miscarry; to bring forth young prematurely. 2. (Biol.) To become checked in normal development, so as either to remain rudimentary or shrink away wholly; to become sterile. AÏbort¶, n. [L. abortus, fr. aboriri.] 1. An untimely birth. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton. 2. An aborted offspring. [Obs.] Holland. AÏbort¶ed, a. 1. Brought forth prematurely. 2. (Biol.) Rendered abortive or sterile; undeveloped; checked in normal development at a very early stage; as, spines are aborted branches. The eyes of the cirripeds are more or less aborted in their mature state. Owen.

AÏbor¶tiÏcide (#), n. [L. abortus + caedere to kill. See Abort.] (Med.) The act of destroying a fetus in the womb; feticide. AÏbor·tiÏfa¶cient (#), a. [L. abortus (see Abort, v.) + faciens, p. pr. of facere to make.] Producing miscarriage. Ð n. A drug or an agent that causes premature delivery. AÏbor¶tion (#), n. [L. abortio, fr. aboriri. See Abort.] 1. The act of giving premature birth; particularly, the expulsion of the human fetus prematurely, or before it is capable of sustaining life; miscarriage. µ Ii is sometimes used for the offense of procuring a premature delivery, but strictly the early delivery is the abortion, ½causing or procuring abortion¸ is the full name of the offense. Abbott.

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2. The immature product of an untimely birth. 3. (Biol.) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. 4. Any fruit or produce that does not come to maturity, or anything which in its progress, before it is matured or perfect; a complete failure; as, his attempt. proved an abortiori. AÏbor¶tionÏal (#), a. Pertaining to abortion; miscarrying; abortive. Carlyle. AÏbor¶tionÏist, n. One who procures abortion or miscarriage. AÏbor¶tive (#), a. [L. abortivus, fr. aboriri. See Abort, v.] 1. Produced by abortion; born prematurely; as, an abortive child. [R.] 2. Made from the skin of a stillÏborn animal; as, abortive vellum. [Obs.] 3. Rendering fruitless or ineffectual. [Obs.] ½Plunged in that abortive gulf.¸ Milton. 4. Coming to naught; failing in its effect; miscarrying; fruitless; unsuccessful; as, an abortive attempt. ½An abortive enterprise.¸ Prescott. 5. (Biol.) Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile; as, an abortive organ, stamen, ovule, etc. 6. (Med.) (a) Causing abortion; as, abortive medicines. Parr. (b) Cutting short; as, abortive treatment of typhoid fever. AÏbor¶tive, n. 1. That which is born or brought forth prematurely; an abortion. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A fruitless effort or issue. [Obs.] 3. A medicine to which is attributed the property of causing abortion. Dunglison. AÏbor¶tiveÏly, adv. In an abortive or untimely manner; immaturely; fruitlessly. AÏbor¶tiveÏness, n. The quality of being abortive. AÏbort¶ment (#), n. Abortion. [Obs.] AÏbought¶ (#), imp. & p. p. of Aby. [Obs.] AÏbound¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abounding.] [OE. abounden, F. abonder, fr. L. abundare to overflow, abound; ab + unda wave. Cf. Undulate.] 1. To be in great plenty; to be very prevalent; to be plentiful. The wild boar which abounds in some parts of the continent of Europe. Chambers. Where sin abounded grace did much more abound. Rom. v. 20. 2. To be copiously supplied; Ð followed by in or with. To abound in, to posses in such abundance as to be characterized by. Ð To abound with, to be filled with; to possess in great numbers. Men abounding in natural courage. Macaulay. A faithful man shall abound with blessings. Prov. xxviii. 20. It abounds with cabinets of curiosities. Addison. AÏbout¶ (#), prep. [OE. aboute, abouten, abuten; AS. ¾butan, onbutan; on + butan, which is from be by + utan outward, from ut out. See But, Out.] 1. Around; all round; on every side of. ½Look about you.¸ Shak. ½Bind them about thy neck.¸ Prov. iii. 3. 2. In the immediate neighborhood of; in contiguity or proximity to; near, as to place; by or on (one's person). ½Have you much money about you?¸ Bulwer. 3. Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. Lampoons... were handed about the coffeehouses. Macaulay. Roving still about the world. Milton. 4. Near; not far from; Ð determining approximately time, size, quantity. ½ToÐmorrow, about this time.¸ Exod. ix. 18. ½About my stature.¸ Shak. He went out about the third hour. Matt. xx. 3. µ This use passes into the adverbial sense. 5. In concern with; engaged in; intent on. I must be about my Father's business. Luke ii. 49. 6. Before a verbal noun or an infinitive: On the point or verge of; going; in act of. Paul was now aboutto open his mouth. Acts xviii. 14. 7. Concerning; with regard to; on account of; touching. ½To treat about thy ransom.¸ Milton. She must have her way about Sarah. Trollope. AÏbout¶, adv. 1. On all sides; around. 'Tis time to look about. Shak. 2. In circuit; circularly; by a circuitous way; around the outside; as, a mile about, and a third of a mile across. 3. Here and there; around; in one place and another. Wandering about from house to house. 1 Tim. v. 13. 4. Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence, in quality, manner, degree, etc.; as, about as cold; about as high; Ð also of quantity, number, time. ½There fell... about three thousand men.¸ Exod. xxii. 28. 5. To a reserved position; half round; in the opposite direction; on the opposite tack; as, to face about; to turn one's self about. To bring about, to cause to take place; to accomplish. Ð To come about, to occur; to take place. See under Come. Ð To go about, To set about, to undertake; to arrange; to prepare. ½Shall we set about some revels? Shak. Ð Round about, in every direction around. AÏbout¶Ðsledge¶ (#), n. The largest hammer used by smiths. Weale. AÏbove¶ (#), prep. [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. ?199. See Over.] 1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; Ð opposed to below or beneath. Fowl that may fly above the earth. Gen. i. 20. 2. Figuratively, higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; beyond; higher in measure or degree than; as, things above comprehension; above mean actions; conduct above reproach. ½Thy worth... is actions above my gifts.¸ Marlowe. I saw in the way a light from heaven above the brightness of the sun. Acts xxxvi. 13. 3. Surpassing in number or quantity; more than; as, above a hundred. (Passing into the adverbial sense. See Above, adv., 4.) above all, before every other consideration; chiefly; in preference to other things. Over and above, prep. or adv., besides; in addition to. AÏbove¶ (#), adv. 1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds above. 2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page. ¸That was said above.¸ Dryden. 3. Higher in rank or power; as, he appealed to the court above. 4. More than; as, above five hundred were present. Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word mentioned, quoted, or the like; as, the above observations, the above reference, the above articles. Ð Above is also used substantively. ½The waters that come down from above.¸ Josh. iii. 13. It is also used as the first part of a compound in the sense of before, previously; as, aboveÐcited, aboveÐdescribed, aboveÐmentioned, aboveÐnamed, abovesaid, abovespecified, aboveÐwritten, aboveÐgiven. AÏbove¶board· (#), adv. Above the board or table. Hence: in open sight; without trick, concealment, or deception. ½Fair and aboveboard.¸ Burke. µ This expression is said by Johnson to have been borrowed from gamesters, who, when they change their cards, put their hands under the table. AÏbove¶Ðcit·ed (#), a. Cited before, in the preceding part of a book or writing. AÏbove¶deck· (#), a. On deck; and hence, like aboveboard, without artifice. Smart. AÏbove¶Ðmen·tioned (#), AÏbove¶Ðnamed· (#), a. AÏbove¶Ðnamed· (#), a. Mentioned or named before; aforesaid. AÏbove¶said· (#), a. Mentioned or recited before. AÏbox¶ (#), adv. & a. (Naut.) Braced aback. Ab·raÏcaÏdab¶ra (#), n. [L. Of unknown origin.] A mystical word or collocation of letters written as in the figure. Worn on an amulet it was supposed to ward off fever. At present the word is used chiefly in jest to denote something without meaning; jargon. AbÏra¶dant (#), n. A material used for grinding, as emery, sand, powdered glass, etc. AbÏrade¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abraded; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrading.] [L. abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab + radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.] To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks. Lyell. AÏbrade¶ (#), v. t. Same as Abraid. [Obs.] A·braÏham¶ic (#), a. Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch; as, the Abrachamic covenant. A·braÏhamÏit¶ic, ÏicÏal (#), a. Relating to the patriarch Abraham. A¶braÏhamÐman· (#) or A¶bramÐman· (#), n. [Possibly in allusion to the parable of the beggar Lazarus in Luke xvi. Murray (New Eng. Dict.).] One of a set of vagabonds who formerly roamed through England, feigning lunacy for the sake of obtaining alms. Nares. To sham Abraham, to feign sickness. Goldsmith. AÏbraid¶ (#), v. t. & i. [OE. abraiden, to awake, draw (a sword), AS. ¾bredgan to shake, draw; pref. ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, Ger. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + bregdan to shake, throw. See Braid.] To awake; to arouse; to stir or start up; also, to shout out. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏbran¶chiÏal (#), a. (Zo”l.) Abranchiate. Ø AÏbran·chiÏa¶ta (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? priv. + ?, pl., the gills of fishes.] (Zo”l.) A group of annelids, so called because the species composing it have no special organs of respiration. AÏbran¶chiÏate (#), a. (Zo”l.) Without gills. AbÏrase¶ (#), a. [L. abrasus, p. p. of abradere. See Abrade.] Rubbed smooth. [Obs.] ½An abrase table.¸ B. Jonson. AbÏra¶sion (#), n. [L. abrasio, fr. abradere. See Abrade.] 1. The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction; as, the abrasion of coins. 2. The substance rubbed off. Berkeley. 3. (Med.) A superficial excoriation, with loss of substance under the form of small shreds. Dunglison. AbÏra¶sive (#), a. Producing abrasion. Ure. AÏbraum¶ or AÏbraum¶ salts (#), n. [Ger., fr. abr„umen to remove.] A red ocher used to darken mahogany and for making chloride of potassium. Ø AÏbrax¶as (#), n. [A name adopted by the Egyptian Gnostic Basilides, containing the Greek letters <a>, <b>, <r>, <a>, <x>, <a>, <s>, which, as numerals, amounted to 365. It was used to signify the supreme deity as ruler of the 365 heavens of his system.] A mystical word used as a charm and engraved on gems among the ancients; also, a gem stone thus engraved. AÏbray¶ (#), v. [A false form from the preterit abraid, abrayde.] See Abraid. [Obs.] Spenser. AÏbreast¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÏ + breast.] 1. Side by side, with breasts in a line; as, ½Two men could hardly walk abreast.¸ Macaulay. 2. (Naut.) Side by side; also, opposite; over against; on a line with the vessel's beam; Ð with of. 3. Up to a certain level or line; equally advanced; as, to keep abreast of [or with] the present state of science. 4. At the same time; simultaneously. [Obs.] Abreast therewith began a convocation. Fuller. AÏbreg¶ge (#), v. t. See Abridge. [Obs.] Ab·reÏnounce¶ (#), v. t. [L. abrenuntiare; ab + renuntiare. See Renounce.] To renounce. [Obs.] ½They abrenounce and cast them off.¸ Latimer. Ab·reÏnun·ciÏa¶tion (#), n. [LL. abrenuntiatio. See Abrenounce.] Absolute renunciation or repudiation. [Obs.] An abrenunciation of that truth which he so long had professed, and still believed. Fuller. AbÏrep¶tion (#), n. [L. abreptus, p. p. of abripere to snatch away; ab + rapere to snatch.] A snatching away. [Obs.] Ø A·breu·voir¶ (#), n. [F., a watering place.] (Masonry) The joint or interstice between stones, to be filled with mortar. Gwilt. A¶briÏcock (#), n. See Apricot. [Obs.] AÏbridge¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abridged (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abridging.] [OE. abregen, OF. abregier, F. abr‚ger, fr. L. abbreviare; ad + brevis short. See Brief and cf. Abbreviate.] 1. To make shorter; to shorten in duration; to lessen; to diminish; to curtail; as, to abridge labor; to abridge power or rights. ½The bridegroom... abridged his visit.¸ Smollett. She retired herself to Sebaste, and abridged her train from state to necessity. Fuller. 2. To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense; as, to abridge a history or dictionary. 3. To deprive; to cut off; Ð followed by of, and formerly by from; as, to abridge one of his rights. AÏbridg¶er (#), n. One who abridges. AÏbridg¶ment (#), n. [OE. abregement. See Abridge.] 1. The act abridging, or the state of being abridged; diminution; lessening; reduction or deprivation; as, an abridgment of pleasures or of expenses. 2. An epitome or compend, as of a book; a shortened or abridged form; an abbreviation. Ancient coins as abridgments of history. Addison. 3. That which abridges or cuts short; hence, an entertainment that makes the time pass quickly. [Obs.] What abridgment have you for this evening? What mask? What music? Shak. Syn. Ð Abridgment, Compendium, Epitome, Abstract, Synopsis. An abridgment is made by omitting the less important parts of some larger work; as, an abridgment of a dictionary. A compendium is a brief exhibition of a subject, or science, for common use; as, a compendium of American literature. An epitome corresponds to a compendium, and gives briefly the most material points of a subject; as, an epitome of history. An abstract is a brief statement of a thing in its main points. A synopsis is a bird'sÐeye view of a subject, or work, in its several parts. AÏbroach¶ (#), v. t. [OE. abrochen, OF. abrochier. See Broach.] To set abroach; to let out, as liquor; to broach; to tap. [Obs.] Chaucer. AÏbroach¶, adv. [Pref. aÏ + broach.] 1. Broached; in a condition for letting out or yielding liquor, as a cask which is tapped. Hogsheads of ale were set abroach. Sir W. Scott. 2. Hence: In a state to be diffused or propagated; afoot; astir. ½Mischiefs that I set abroach.¸ Shak. AÏbroad¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÏ + broad.] 1. At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space; as, a tree spreads its branches abroad. The fox roams far abroad. Prior. 2. Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode; as, to walk abroad. I went to St. James', where another was preaching in the court abroad. Evelyn. 3. Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries; as, we have broils at home and enemies abroad. ½Another prince... was living abroad.¸ Macaulay. 4. Before the public at large; throughout society or the world; here and there; widely. He went out, and began to publish it much, and to blaze abroad the matter. Mark i. 45. To be abroad. (a) To be wide of the mark; to be at fault; as, you are all abroad in your guess. (b) To be at a loss or nonplused. Ab¶roÏgaÏble (#), a. Capable of being abrogated. Ab¶roÏgate (#), a. [L. abrogatus, p. p.] Abrogated; abolished. [Obs. or R.] Latimer. Ab¶roÏgate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abrogated; p. pr. & vb. n. Abrogating.] [L. abrogatus, p. p. of abrogare; ab + rogare to ask, require, propose. See Rogation.] 1. To annul by an authoritative act; to abolish by the authority of the maker or his successor; to repeal; Ð applied to the repeal of laws, decrees, ordinances, the abolition of customs, etc. Let us see whether the New Testament abrogates what we so frequently see in the Old. South. Whose laws, like those of the Medes and Persian, they can not alter or abrogate. Burke. 2. To put an end to; to do away with. Shak. Syn. Ð To abolish; annul; do away; set aside; revoke; repeal; cancel; annihilate. See Abolish. Ab·roÏga¶tion (#), n. [L. abrogatio, fr. abrogare: cf. F. abrogation.] The act of abrogating; repeal by authority. Hume. Ab¶roÏgaÏtive (#), a. Tending or designed to abrogate; as, an abrogative law. Ab¶roÏga·tor (#), n. One who repeals by authority. AÏbrood¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÏ + brood.] In the act of brooding. [Obs.] Abp. Sancroft. AÏbrook¶ (#), v. t. [Pref. aÏ + brook, v.] To brook; to endure. [Obs.] Shak. AbÏrupt¶ (#), a. [L. abruptus, p. p. of abrumpere to break off; ab + rumpere to break. See Rupture.] 1. Broken off; very steep, or craggy, as rocks, precipices, banks; precipitous; steep; as, abrupt places. ½Tumbling through ricks abrupt,¸ Thomson. 2. Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. ½The cause of your abrupt departure.¸ Shak. 3. Having sudden transitions from one subject to another; unconnected. The abrupt style, which hath many breaches. B. Jonson.

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4. (Bot.) Suddenly terminating, as if cut off. Gray. Syn. Ð Sudden; unexpected; hasty; rough; curt; unceremonious; rugged; blunt; disconnected; broken. AbÏrupt¶ (#), n. [L. abruptum.] An abrupt place. [Poetic] ½Over the vast abrupt.¸ Milton. AbÏrupt¶, v. t. To tear off or asunder. [Obs.] ½Till death abrupts them.¸ Sir T. Browne. AbÏrup¶tion (#), n. [L. abruptio, fr. abrumpere: cf. F. abruption.] A sudden breaking off; a violent separation of bodies. Woodward. AbÏrupt¶ly, adv. 1. In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly. 2. Precipitously. Abruptly pinnate (Bot.), pinnate without an odd leaflet, or other appendage, at the end. Gray. AbÏrupt¶ness, n. 1. The state of being abrupt or broken; craggedness; ruggedness; steepness. 2. Suddenness; unceremonious haste or vehemence; as, abruptness of style or manner. Ab¶scess (#), n.; pl. Abscesses (#). [L. abscessus a going away, gathering of humors, abscess, fr. abscessus, p. p. of absedere to go away; ab, abs + cedere to go off, retire. See Cede.] (Med.) A collection of pus or purulent matter in any tissue or organ of the body, the result of a morbid process. Cold abscess, an abscess of slow formation, unattended with the pain and heat characteristic of ordinary abscesses, and lasting for years without exhibiting any tendency towards healing; a chronic abscess. AbÏsces¶sion (#), n. [L. abscessio a separation; fr. absedere. See Abscess.] A separating; removal; also, an abscess. [Obs.] Gauden. Barrough. AbÏscind¶ (#), v. t. [L. absindere; ab + scindere to rend, cut. See Schism.] To cut off. [R.] ½Two syllables... abscinded from the rest.¸ Johnson. AbÏsci¶sion (#), n. [L. abscisio.] See Abscission. Ab¶sciss (#), n.; pl. Abscisses (#). See Abscissa. AbÏscis¶sa (#), n.; E. pl. Abscissas, L. pl. Absciss‘. [L., fem. of abscissus, p. p. of absindere to cut of. See Abscind.] (Geom.) One of the elements of reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred to a system of fixed rectilineal co”rdinate axes. When referred to two intersecting axes, one of them called the axis of abscissas, or of X, and the other the axis of ordinates, or of Y, the abscissa of the point is the distance cut off from the axis of X by a line drawn through it and parallel to the axis of Y. When a point in space is referred to three axes having a common intersection, the abscissa may be the distance measured parallel to either of them, from the point to the plane of the other two axes. Abscissas and ordinates taken together are called co”rdinates. Ð OX or PY is the abscissa of the point P of the curve, OY or PX its ordinate, the intersecting lines OX and OY being the axes of abscissas and ordinates respectively, and the point O their origin. AbÏscis¶sion (#), n. [L. abscissio. See Abscind.] 1. The act or process of cutting off. ½Not to be cured without the abscission of a member.¸ Jer. Taylor. 2. The state of being cut off. Sir T. Browne. 3. (Rhet.) A figure of speech employed when a speaker having begun to say a thing stops abruptly: thus, ½He is a man of so much honor and candor, and of such generosity Ð but I need say no more.¸ AbÏscond¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Absconded; p. pr. & vb. n. Absconding.] [L. abscondere to hide; ab, abs + condere to lay up; con + d?re (only in comp.) to put. Cf. Do.] 1. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. The marmot absconds all winter. Ray. 2. To depart clandestinely; to steal off and secrete one's self; Ð used especially of persons who withdraw to avoid a legal process; as, an absconding debtor. That very homesickness which, in regular armies, drives so many recruits to abscond. Macaulay. AbÏscond¶, v. t. To hide; to conceal. [Obs.] Bentley. AbÏscond¶ence (#), n. Fugitive concealment; secret retirement; hiding. [R.] Phillips. AbÏscond¶er (#), n. One who absconds. Ab¶sence (#), n. [F., fr. L. absentia. See Absent.] 1. A state of being absent or withdrawn from a place or from companionship; Ð opposed to presence. Not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence. Phil. ii. 12. 2. Want; destitution; withdrawal. ½In the absence of conventional law.¸ Kent. 3. Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind); as, absence of mind. ¸Reflecting on the little absences and distractions of mankind.¸ Addison. To conquer that abstraction which is called absence. Landor. Ab¶sent (#), a. [F., fr. absens, absentis, p. pr. of abesse to be away from; ab + esse to be. Cf. Sooth.] 1. Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present. ½Expecting absent friends.¸ Shak. 2. Not existing; lacking; as, the part was rudimental or absent. 3. Inattentive to what is passing; absentÐminded; preoccupied; as, an absent air. What is commonly called an absent man is commonly either a very weak or a very affected man. Chesterfield. Syn. Ð Absent, Abstracted. These words both imply a want of attention to surrounding objects. We speak of a man as absent when his thoughts wander unconsciously from present scenes or topics of discourse; we speak of him as abstracted when his mind (usually for a brief period) is drawn off from present things by some weighty matter for reflection. Absence of mind is usually the result of loose habits of thought; abstraction commonly arises either from engrossing interests and cares, or from unfortunate habits of association. AbÏsent¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absented; p. pr. & vb. n. Absenting.] [Cf. F. absenter.] 1. To take or withdraw (one's self) to such a distance as to prevent intercourse; Ð used with the reflexive pronoun. If after due summons any member absents himself, he is to be fined. Addison. 2. To withhold from being present. [Obs.] ½Go; for thy stay, not free, absents thee more.¸ Milton. Ab·senÏta¶neÏous (#), a. [LL. absentaneus. See Absent.] Pertaining to absence. [Obs.] Ab·senÏta¶tion (#), n. The act of absenting one's self. Sir W. Hamilton. Ab·senÏtee¶ (#), n. One who absents himself from his country, office, post, or duty; especially, a landholder who lives in another country or district than that where his estate is situated; as, an Irish absentee. Macaulay. Ab·senÏtee¶ism (#), n. The state or practice of an absentee; esp. the practice of absenting one's self from the country or district where one's estate is situated. AbÏsent¶er (#), n. One who absents one's self. Ab¶sentÏly (#), adv. In an absent or abstracted manner. AbÏsent¶ment (#), n. The state of being absent; withdrawal. [R.] Barrow. Ab·sentÐmind¶ed (#), a. Absent in mind; abstracted; preoccupied. Ð Ab·sentÐmind¶edÏness, n. Ð Ab·sentÐmind¶edÏly, adv. Ab¶sentÏness (#), n. The quality of being absentÐminded. H. Miller. Ab¶seyÐbook· (#), n. An AÐBÐC book; a primer. [Obs.] Shak. Ab¶sin¶thate (#), n. (Chem.) A combination of absinthic acid with a base or positive radical. Ab¶sinth·, Ab¶sinthe· } (#), n. [F. absinthe. See Absinthium.] 1. The plant absinthium or common wormwood. 2. A strong spirituous liqueur made from wormwood and brandy or alcohol. AbÏsin¶thiÏal (#), a. Of or pertaining to wormwood; absinthian. AbÏsin¶thiÏan (#), n. Of the nature of wormwood. ½Absinthian bitterness.¸ T. Randolph. Ab¶sin¶thiÏate (#), v. t. [From L. absinthium: cf. L. absinthiatus, a.] To impregnate with wormwood. AbÏsin¶thiÏa·ted (#), a. Impregnated with wormwood; as, absinthiated wine. AbÏsin¶thic (#), a. (Chem.) Relating to the common wormwood or to an acid obtained from it. AbÏsin¶thin (#), n. (Chem.) The bitter principle of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Watts. Ab¶sinÏthism (#), n. The condition of being poisoned by the excessive use of absinth. AbÏsin¶thiÏum (#), n. [L., from Gr. ?.] (Bot.) The common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter plant, used as a tonic and for making the oil of wormwood. Ab¶sis (#), n. See Apsis. AbÏsist¶ (#), v. i. [L. absistere, p. pr. absistens; ab + sistere to stand, causal of stare.] To stand apart from; top leave off; to desist. [Obs.] Raleigh. AbÏsist¶ence (#), n. A standing aloof. [Obs.] Ab¶soÏlute (#), a. [L. absolutus, p. p. of absolvere: cf. F. absolu. See Absolve.] 1. Loosed from any limitation or condition; uncontrolled; unrestricted; unconditional; as, absolute authority, monarchy, sovereignty, an absolute promise or command; absolute power; an absolute monarch. 2. Complete in itself; perfect; consummate; faultless; as, absolute perfection; absolute beauty. So absolute she seems, And in herself complete. Milton. 3. Viewed apart from modifying influences or without comparison with other objects; actual; real; Ð opposed to relative and comparative; as, absolute motion; absolute time or space. Absolute rights and duties are such as pertain to man in a state of nature as contradistinguished from relative rights and duties, or such as pertain to him in his social relations. 4. Loosed from, or unconnected by, dependence on any other being; selfÐexistent; selfÐsufficing. µ In this sense God is called the Absolute by the Theist. The term is also applied by the Pantheist to the universe, or the total of all existence, as only capable of relations in its parts to each other and to the whole, and as dependent for its existence and its phenomena on its mutually depending forces and their laws. 5. Capable of being thought or conceived by itself alone; unconditioned; nonÐrelative. µ It is in dispute among philosopher whether the term, in this sense, is not applied to a mere logical fiction or abstraction, or whether the absolute, as thus defined, can be known, as a reality, by the human intellect. To Cusa we can indeed articulately trace, word and thing, the recent philosophy of the absolute. Sir W. Hamilton. 6. Positive; clear; certain; not doubtful. [R.] I am absolute 't was very Cloten. Shak. 7. Authoritative; peremptory. [R.] The peddler stopped, and tapped her on the head, With absolute forefinger, brown and ringed. Mrs. Browning. 8. (Chem.) Pure; unmixed; as, absolute alcohol. 9. (Gram.) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence in government; as, the case absolute. See Ablative absolute, under Ablative. Absolute curvature (Geom.), that curvature of a curve of double curvature, which is measured in the osculating plane of the curve. Ð Absolute equation (Astron.), the sum of the optic and eccentric equations. Ð Absolute space (Physics), space considered without relation to material limits or objects. Ð Absolute terms. (Alg.), such as are known, or which do not contain the unknown quantity. Davies & Peck. Ð Absolute temperature (Physics), the temperature as measured on a scale determined by certain general thermoÐdynamic principles, and reckoned from the absolute zero. Ð Absolute zero (Physics), the be ginning, or zero point, in the scale of absolute temperature. It is equivalent to Ð2730 centigrade or Ð459,40 Fahrenheit. Syn. Ð Positive; peremptory; certain; unconditional; unlimited; unrestricted; unqualified; arbitrary; despotic; autocratic. Ab¶soÏlute (#), n. (Geom.) In a plane, the two imaginary circular points at infinity; in space of three dimensions, the imaginary circle at infinity. Ab¶soÏluteÏly, adv. In an absolute, independent, or unconditional manner; wholly; positively. Ab¶soÏluteÏness, n. The quality of being absolute; independence of everything extraneous; unlimitedness; absolute power; independent reality; positiveness. Ab·soÏlu¶tion (#), n. [F. absolution, L. absolutio, fr. absolvere to absolve. See Absolve.] 1. An absolving, or setting free from guilt, sin, or penalty; forgiveness of an offense. ½Government... granting absolution to the nation.¸ Froude. 2. (Civil Law) An acquittal, or sentence of a judge declaring and accused person innocent. [Obs.] 3. (R. C. Ch.) The exercise of priestly jurisdiction in the sacrament of penance, by which Catholics believe the sins of the truly penitent are forgiven. µ In the English and other Protestant churches, this act regarded as simply declaratory, not as imparting forgiveness. 4. (Eccl.) An absolving from ecclesiastical penalties, Ð for example, excommunication. P. Cyc. 5. The form of words by which a penitent is absolved. Shipley. 6. Delivery, in speech. [Obs.] B. Jonson. Absolution day (R. C. Ch.), Tuesday before Easter. Ab¶soÏlu·tism (#), n. 1. The state of being absolute; the system or doctrine of the absolute; the principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism. The element of absolutism and prelacy was controlling. Palfrey. 2. (Theol.) Doctrine of absolute decrees. Ash. Ab¶soÏlu·tist (#), n. 1. One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government. 2. (Metaph.) One who believes that it is possible to realize a cognition or concept of the absolute. Sir. W. Hamilton. Ab¶soÏlu·tist, a. Of or pertaining to absolutism; arbitrary; despotic; as, absolutist principles. Ab·soÏluÏtis¶tic (#), a. Pertaining to absolutism; absolutist. AbÏsol¶uÏtoÏry (#), a. [L. absolutorius, fr. absolvere to absolve.] Serving to absolve; absolving. ½An absolutory sentence.¸ Ayliffe. AbÏsolv¶aÏble (#), a. That may be absolved. AbÏsolv¶aÏtoÏry (#), a. Conferring absolution; absolutory. AbÏsolve¶ (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absolved (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Absolving.] [L. absolvere to set free, to absolve; ab + solvere to loose. See Assoil, Solve.] 1. To set free, or release, as from some obligation, debt, or responsibility, or from the consequences of guilt or such ties as it would be sin or guilt to violate; to pronounce free; as, to absolve a subject from his allegiance; to absolve an offender, which amounts to an acquittal and remission of his punishment. Halifax was absolved by a majority of fourteen. Macaulay. 2. To free from a penalty; to pardon; to remit (a sin); Ð said of the sin or guilt. In his name I absolve your perjury. Gibbon. 3. To finish; to accomplish. [Obs.] The work begun, how soon absolved. Milton. 4. To resolve or explain. [Obs.] ½We shall not absolve the doubt.¸ Sir T. Browne. Syn. Ð To Absolve, Exonerate, Acquit. We speak of a man as absolved from something that binds his conscience, or involves the charge of wrongdoing; as, to absolve from allegiance or from the obligation of an oath, or a promise. We speak of a person as exonerated, when he is released from some burden which had rested upon him; as, to exonerate from suspicion, to exonerate from blame or odium. It implies a purely moral acquittal. We speak of a person as acquitted, when a decision has been made in his favor with reference to a specific charge, either by a jury or by disinterested persons; as, he was acquitted of all participation in the crime. AbÏsolv¶ent (#), a. [L. absolvens, p. pr. of absolvere.] Absolving. [R.] Carlyle. AbÏsolv¶ent, n. An absolver. [R.] Hobbes. AbÏsolv¶er (#), n. One who absolves. Macaulay. Ab¶soÏnant (#), a. [L. ab + sonans, p. pr. of sonare to sound.] Discordant; contrary; Ð opposed to consonant. ½Absonant to nature.¸ Quarles. Ab¶soÏnous (#), a. [L. absonus; ab + sonus sound.] Discordant; inharmonious; incongruous. [Obs.] ½Absonous to our reason.¸ Glanvill. AbÏsorb¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Absorbed (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Absorbing.] [L. absorbere; ab + sorbere to suck in, akin to Gr. ?: cf. F. absorber.] 1. To swallow up; to engulf; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to use up; to include. ½Dark oblivion soon absorbs them all.¸ Cowper. The large cities absorb the wealth and fashion. W. Irving. 2. To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe; as a sponge or as the lacteals of the body. Bacon. 3. To engross or engage wholly; to occupy fully; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth. 4. To take up by cohesive, chemical, or any molecular action, as when charcoal absorbs gases. So heat, light, and electricity are absorbed or taken up in the substances into which they pass. Nichol.

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Syn. Ð To Absorb, Engross, Swallow up, Engulf. These words agree in one general idea, that of completely taking up. They are chiefly used in a figurative sense and may be distinguished by a reference to their etymology. We speak of a person as absorbed (lit., drawn in, swallowed up) in study or some other employment of the highest interest. We speak of a person as ebgrossed (lit., seized upon in the gross, or wholly) by something which occupies his whole time and thoughts, as the acquisition of wealth, or the attainment of honor. We speak of a person (under a stronger image) as swallowed up and lost in that which completely occupies his thoughts and feelings, as in grief at the death of a friend, or in the multiplied cares of life. We speak of a person as engulfed in that which (like a gulf) takes in all his hopes and interests; as, engulfed in misery, ruin, etc. That grave question which had begun to absorb the Christian mind Ð the marriage of the clergy. Milman. Too long hath love engrossed Britannia's stage, And sunk to softness all our tragic rage. Tickell. Should not the sad occasion swallow up My other cares? Addison. And in destruction's river Engulf and swallow those. Sir P. Sidney. AbÏsorb·aÏbil¶iÏty (#), n. The state or quality of being absorbable. Graham (Chemistry). AbÏsorb¶aÏble, a. [Cf. F. absorbable.] Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up. Kerr. AbÏsorb¶edÏly, adv. In a manner as if wholly engrossed or engaged. AbÏsorb¶enÏcy (#), n. Absorptiveness. AbÏsorb¶ent (#), a. [L. absorbens, p. pr. of absorbere.] Absorbing; swallowing; absorptive. Absorbent ground (Paint.), a ground prepared for a picture, chiefly with distemper, or water colors, by which the oil is absorbed, and a brilliancy is imparted to the colors. AbÏsorb¶ent, n. 1. Anything which absorbs. The ocean, itself a bad absorbent of heat. Darwin. 2. (Med.) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance (e. g., iodine) which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts. 3. pl. (Physiol.) The vessels by which the processes of absorption are carried on, as the lymphatics in animals, the extremities of the roots in plants. AbÏsorb¶er (#), n. One who, or that which, absorbs. AbÏsorb¶ing, a. Swallowing, engrossing; as, an absorbing pursuit. Ð AbÏsorb¶ing, adv. Ab·sorÏbi¶tion (#), n. Absorption. [Obs.] AbÏsorpt· (#), a. [L. absorptus, p. p.] Absorbed. [Archaic] ½Absorpt in care.¸ Pope. AbÏsorp¶tion (#), n. [L. absorptio, fr. absorbere. See Absorb.] 1. The act or process of absorbing or sucking in anything, or of being absorbed and made to disappear; as, the absorption of bodies in a whirlpool, the absorption of a smaller tribe into a larger. 2. (Chem. & Physics) An imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action; as, the absorption of light, heat, electricity, etc. 3. (Physiol.) In living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs. 4. Entire engrossment or occupation of the mind; as, absorption in some employment. AbÏsorp¶tive (#), a. Having power, capacity, or tendency to absorb or imbibe. E. Darwin. AbÏsorp¶tiveÏness, n. The quality of being absorptive; absorptive power. Ab·sorpÏtiv¶iÏty (#), n. Absorptiveness. AbÏsquat¶uÏlate (#), v. i. To take one's self off; to decamp. [A jocular word. U. S.] Ø Abs¶que hoc (#). [L., without this.] (Law) The technical words of denial used in traversing what has been alleged, and is repeated. AbÏstain¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abstained (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abstaining.] [OE. absteynen, abstenen, OF. astenir, abstenir, F. abstenir, fr. L. abstinere, abstentum, v. t. & v. i., to keep from; ab, abs + tenere to hold. See Tenable.] To hold one's self aloof; to forbear or refrain voluntarily, and especially from an indulgence of the passions or appetites; Ð with from. Not a few abstained from voting. Macaulay. Who abstains from meat that is not gaunt? Shak. Syn. Ð To refrain; forbear; withhold; deny one's self; give up; relinquish. AbÏstain¶, v. t. To hinder; to withhold. Whether he abstain men from marrying. Milton. AbÏstain¶er (#), n. One who abstains; esp., one who abstains from the use of intoxicating liquors. AbÏste¶miÏous (#), a. [L. abstemius; ab, abs + root of temetum intoxicating drink.] 1. Abstaining from wine. [Orig. Latin sense.] Under his special eye Abstemious I grew up and thrived amain. Milton. 2. Sparing in diet; refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks; temperate; abstinent; sparing in the indulgence of the appetite or passions. Instances of longevity are chiefly among the abstemious. Arbuthnot. 3. Sparingly used; used with temperance or moderation; as, an abstemious diet. Gibbon. 4. Marked by, or spent in, abstinence; as, an abstemious life. ½One abstemious day.¸ Pope. 5. Promotive of abstemiousness. [R.] Such is the virtue of the abstemious well. Dryden. AbÏste¶miÏousÏly, adv. In a abstemious manner; temperately; sparingly. AbÏste¶miÏousÏness, n. The quality of being abstemious, temperate, or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. It expresses a greater degree of abstinence than temperance. AbÏsten¶tion (#), a. [F. See Abstain.] The act of abstaining; a holding aloof. Jer. Taylor. AbÏsten¶tious (#), a. Characterized by abstinence; selfÐrestraining. Farrar. AbÏsterge (#), v. t. [L. abstergere, abstersum; ab, abs + tergere to wipe. Cf. F absterger.] To make clean by wiping; to wipe away; to cleanse; hence, to purge. [R.] Quincy. AbÏster¶gent (#), a. [L. abstergens, p. pr. of abstergere.] Serving to cleanse, detergent. AbÏster¶gent, n. A substance used in cleansing; a detergent; as, soap is an abstergent. AbÏsterse¶ (#), v. t. To absterge; to cleanse; to purge away. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AbÏster¶sion (#), n. [F. abstersion. See Absterge.] Act of wiping clean; a cleansing; a purging. The task of ablution and abstersion being performed. Sir W. Scott. AbÏster¶sive (#), a. [Cf. F. abstersif. See Absterge.] Cleansing; purging. Bacon. AbÏster¶sive, n. Something cleansing. The strong abstersive of some heroic magistrate. Milton. AbÏster¶siveÏness, n. The quality of being abstersive. Fuller. Ab¶stiÏnence (#), n. [F. abstinence, L. abstinentia, fr. abstinere. See Abstain.] 1. The act or practice of abstaining; voluntary forbearance of any action, especially the refraining from an indulgence of appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal or sensual propensities. Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating beverages, Ð called also total abstinence. The abstinence from a present pleasure that offers itself is a pain, nay, oftentimes, a very great one. Locke. 2. The practice of selfÏdenial by depriving one's self of certain kinds of food or drink, especially of meat. Penance, fasts, and abstinence, To punish bodies for the soul's offense. Dryden. Ab¶stiÏnenÏcy (#), n. Abstinence. [R.] Ab¶stiÏnent (#), a. [F. abstinent, L. abstinens, p. pr. of abstinere. See Abstain.] Refraining from indulgence, especially from the indulgence of appetite; abstemious; continent; temperate. Beau. & Fl. Ab¶stiÏnent, n. 1. One who abstains. 2. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect who appeared in France and Spain in the 3d century. Ab¶stiÏnentÏly, adv. With abstinence. AbÏstort¶ed (#), a. [As if fr. abstort, fr. L. ab, abs + tortus, p. p. of torquere to twist.] Wrested away. [Obs.] Bailey. Ab¶stract· (#; 277), a. [L. abstractus, p. p. of abstrahere to draw from, separate; ab, abs + trahere to draw. See Trace.] 1. Withdraw; separate. [Obs.] The more abstract... we are from the body. Norris. 2. Considered apart from any application to a particular object; separated from matter; exiting in the mind only; as, abstract truth, abstract numbers. Hence: ideal; abstruse; difficult. 3. (Logic) (a) Expressing a particular property of an object viewed apart from the other properties which constitute it; Ð opposed to concrete; as, honesty is an abstract word. J. S. Mill. (b) Resulting from the mental faculty of abstraction; general as opposed to particular; as, ½reptile¸ is an abstract or general name. Locke. A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. A practice has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression ½abstract name¸ to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes. J. S. Mill. 4. Abstracted; absent in mind. ½Abstract, as in a trance.¸ Milton. An abstract idea (Metaph.), an idea separated from a complex object, or from other ideas which naturally accompany it; as the solidity of marble when contemplated apart from its color or figure. Ð Abstract terms, those which express abstract ideas, as beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any object in which they exist; or abstract terms are the names of orders, genera or species of things, in which there is a combination of similar qualities. Ð Abstract numbers (Math.), numbers used without application to things, as 6, 8, 10; but when applied to any thing, as 6 feet, 10 men, they become concrete. Ð Abstract or Pure mathematics. See Mathematics. AbÏstract¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abstracted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abstracting.] [See Abstract, a.] 1. To withdraw; to separate; to take away. He was incapable of forming any opinion or resolution abstracted from his own prejudices. Sir W. Scott. 2. To draw off in respect to interest or attention; as, his was wholly abstracted by other objects. The young stranger had been abstracted and silent. Blackw. Mag. 3. To separate, as ideas, by the operation of the mind; to consider by itself; to contemplate separately, as a quality or attribute. Whately. 4. To epitomize; to abridge. Franklin. 5. To take secretly or dishonestly; to purloin; as, to abstract goods from a parcel, or money from a till. Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearingÐreins from the harness. W. Black. 6. (Chem.) To separate, as the more volatile or soluble parts of a substance, by distillation or other chemical processes. In this sense extract is now more generally used. AbÏstract¶, v. t. To perform the process of abstraction. [R.] I own myself able to abstract in one sense. Berkeley. Ab¶stract· (#), n. [See Abstract, a.] 1. That which comprises or concentrates in itself the essential qualities of a larger thing or of several things. Specifically: A summary or an epitome, as of a treatise or book, or of a statement; a brief. An abstract of every treatise he had read. Watts. Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled. Ford. 2. A state of separation from other things; as, to consider a subject in the abstract, or apart from other associated things. 3. An abstract term. The concretes ½father¸ and ½son¸ have, or might have, the abstracts ½paternity¸ and ½filiety.¸ J. S. Mill. 4. (Med.) A powdered solid extract of a vegetable substance mixed with sugar of milk in such proportion that one part of the abstract represents two parts of the original substance. Abstract of title (Law), an epitome of the evidences of ownership. Syn. Ð Abridgment; compendium; epitome; synopsis. See Abridgment. AbÏstract¶ed (#), a. 1. Separated or disconnected; withdrawn; removed; apart. The evil abstracted stood from his own evil. Milton. 2. Separated from matter; abstract; ideal. [Obs.] 3. Abstract; abstruse; difficult. [Obs.] Johnson. 4. Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind. ½An abstracted scholar.¸ Johnson. AbÏstract¶edÏly, adv. In an abstracted manner; separately; with absence of mind. AbÏstract¶edÏness, n. The state of being abstracted; abstract character. AbÏstract¶er (#), n. One who abstracts, or makes an abstract. AbÏstrac¶tion (#), n. [Cf. F. abstraction. See Abstract, a.] 1. The act of abstracting, separating, or withdrawing, or the state of being withdrawn; withdrawal. A wrongful abstraction of wealth from certain members of the community. J. S. Mill. 2. (Metaph.) The act process of leaving out of consideration one or more properties of a complex object so as to attend to others; analysis. Thus, when the mind considers the form of a tree by itself, or the color of the leaves as separate from their size or figure, the act is called abstraction. So, also, when it considers whiteness, softness, virtue, existence, as separate from any particular objects. µ Abstraction is necessary to classification, by which things are arranged in genera and species. We separate in idea the qualities of certain objects, which are of the same kind, from others which are different, in each, and arrange the objects having the same properties in a class, or collected body. Abstraction is no positive act: it is simply the negative of attention. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. An idea or notion of an abstract, or theoretical nature; as, to fight for mere abstractions. 4. A separation from worldly objects; a recluse life; as, a hermit's abstraction. 5. Absence or absorption of mind; inattention to present objects. 6. The taking surreptitiously for one's own use part of the property of another; purloining. [Modern] 7. (Chem.) A separation of volatile parts by the act of distillation. Nicholson. AbÏstrac¶tionÏal (#), a. Pertaining to abstraction. AbÏstrac¶tionÏist, n. An idealist. Emerson. Ab·stracÏti¶tious (#), a. Obtained from plants by distillation. [Obs.] Crabb. AbÏstrac¶tive (#), a. [Cf. F. abstractif.] Having the power of abstracting; of an abstracting nature. ½The abstractive faculty.¸ I. Taylor. AbÏstrac¶tiveÏly, adv. In a abstract manner; separately; in or by itself. Feltham. AbÏstrac¶tiveÏness, n. The quality of being abstractive; abstractive property. Ab¶stract·ly (#; 277), adv. In an abstract state or manner; separately; absolutely; by itself; as, matter abstractly considered. Ab¶stract·ness, n. The quality of being abstract. ½The abstractness of the ideas.¸ Locke. AbÏstringe¶ (#), v. t. [L ab + stringere, strictum, to press together.] To unbind. [Obs.] Bailey. AbÏstrude¶ (#), v. t. [L. abstrudere. See Abstruse.] To thrust away. [Obs.] Johnson. AbÏstruse¶ (#), a. [L. abstrusus, p. p. of abstrudere to thrust away, conceal; ab, abs + trudere to thrust; cf. F. abstrus. See Threat.] 1. Concealed or hidden out of the way. [Obs.] The eternal eye whose sight discerns Abstrusest thoughts. Milton. 2. Remote from apprehension; difficult to be comprehended or understood; recondite; as, abstruse learning. Profound and abstruse topics. Milman. AbÏstruse¶ly, adv. In an abstruse manner. AbÏstruse¶ness, n. The quality of being abstruse; difficulty of apprehension. Boyle. AbÏstru¶sion (#), n. [L. abstrusio. See Abstruse.] The act of thrusting away. [R.] Ogilvie. AbÏstru¶siÏty (#), n. Abstruseness; that which is abstruse. [R.] Sir T. Browne. AbÏsume¶ (#), v. t. [L. absumere, absumptum; ab + sumere to take.] To consume gradually; to waste away. [Obs.] Boyle. AbÏsump¶tion (#; 215), n. [L. absumptio. See Absume.] Act of wasting away; a consuming; extinction. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. AbÏsurd¶ (#), a. [L. absurdus harshÐsounding; ab + (prob) a derivative fr. a root svar to sound; not connected with surd: cf. F. absurde. See Syringe.] Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and fiatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; as, an absurd person, an absurd opinion; an absurd dream. This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak. 'This phrase absurd to call a villain great. Pope.

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Syn. Ð Foolish; irrational; ridiculous; preposterous; inconsistent; incongruous. Ð Absurd, Irrational, Foolish, Preposterous. Of these terms, irrational is the weakest, denoting that which is plainly inconsistent with the dictates of sound reason; as, an irrational course of life. Foolish rises higher, and implies either a perversion of that faculty, or an absolute weakness or fatuity of mind; as, foolish enterprises. Absurd rises still higher, denoting that which is plainly opposed to received notions of propriety and truth; as, an absurd man, project, opinion, story, argument, etc. Preposterous rises still higher, and supposes an absolute inversion in the order of things; or, in plain terms, a ½putting of the cart before the horse;¸ as, a preposterous suggestion, preposterous conduct, a preposterous regulation or law. AbÏsurd¶ (#), n. An absurdity. [Obs.] Pope. AbÏsurd¶iÏty (#), n.; pl. Absurdities (#). [L. absurditas: cf. F. absurdite.] 1. The quality of being absurd or inconsistent with obvious truth, reason, or sound judgment. ½The absurdity of the actual idea of an infinite number.¸ Locke. 2. That which is absurd; an absurd action; a logical contradiction. His travels were full of absurdities. Johnson. AbÏsurd¶ly, adv. In an absurd manner. AbÏsurd¶ness, n. Absurdity. [R.] Ø AÏbu¶na (#), n. [Eth. and Ar., our father.] The Patriarch, or head of the Abyssinian Church. AÏbun¶dance (#), n. [OE. (h)abudaunce, abundance, F. abundance, F. abondance, L. abundantia, fr. abundare. See Abound.] An overflowing fullness; ample sufficiency; great plenty; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; wealth: Ð strictly applicable to quantity only, but sometimes used of number. It is lamentable to remember what abundance of noble blood hath been shed with small benefit to the Christian state. Raleigh. Syn. Ð Exuberance; plenteousness; plenty; copiousness; overflow; riches; affluence; wealth. Ð Abundance, Plenty, Exuberance. These words rise upon each other in expressing the idea of fullness. Plenty denotes a sufficiency to supply every want; as, plenty of food, plenty of money, etc. Abundance express more, and gives the idea of superfluity or excess; as, abundance of riches, an abundance of wit and humor; often, however, it only denotes plenty in a high degree. Exuberance rises still higher, and implies a bursting forth on every side, producing great superfluity or redundance; as, an exuberance of mirth, an exuberance of animal spirits, etc. AÏbun¶dant (#), a. [OE. (h)abundant, aboundant, F. abondant, fr. L. abudans, p. pr. of abundare. See Abound.] Fully sufficient; plentiful; in copious supply; Ð followed by in, rarely by with. ½Abundant in goodness and truth.¸ Exod. xxxiv. 6. Abundant number (Math.), a number, the sum of whose aliquot parts exceeds the number itself. Thus, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, the aliquot parts of 12, make the number 16. This is opposed to a deficient number, as 14, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2, 7, the sum of which is 10; and to a perfect number, which is equal to the sum of its aliquot parts, as 6, whose aliquot parts are 1, 2., 3. Syn. Ð Ample; plentiful; copious; plenteous; exuberant; overflowing; rich; teeming; profuse; bountiful; liberal. See Ample. AÏbun¶dantÏly, adv. In a sufficient degree; fully; amply; plentifully; in large measure. AÏburst¶ (#), adv. [Pref. aÐ + burst.] In a bursting condition. AÏbus¶aÏble (#), a. That may be abused. AÏbus¶age (#), n. Abuse. [Obs.] Whately (1634). AÏbuse¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Abused (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Abusing.] [F. abuser; L. abusus, p. p. of abuti to abuse, misuse; ab + uti to use. See Use.] 1. To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to misuse; to put to a bad use; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert; as, to abuse inherited gold; to make an excessive use of; as, to abuse one's authority. This principle (if one may so abuse the word) shoots rapidly into popularity. Froude. 2. To use ill; to maltreat; to act injuriously to; to punish or to tax excessively; to hurt; as, to abuse prisoners, to abuse one's powers, one's patience. 3. To revile; to reproach coarsely; to disparage. The... tellers of news abused the general. Macaulay. 4. To dishonor. ½Shall flight abuse your name?¸ Shak. 5. To violate; to ravish. Spenser. 6. To deceive; to impose on. [Obs.] Their eyes red and staring, cozened with a moist cloud, and abused by a double object. Jer. Taylor. Syn. Ð To maltreat; injure; revile; reproach; vilify; vituperate; asperse; traduce; malign. AÏbuse¶ (#), n. [F. abus, L. abusus, fr. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.] 1. Improper treatment or use; application to a wrong or bad purpose; misuse; as, an abuse of our natural powers; an abuse of civil rights, or of privileges or advantages; an abuse of language. Liberty may be endangered by the abuses of liberty, as well as by the abuses of power. Madison. 2. Physical ill treatment; injury. ½Rejoice... at the abuse of Falstaff.¸ Shak. 3. A corrupt practice or custom; offense; crime; fault; as, the abuses in the civil service. Abuse after disappeared without a struggle.. Macaulay. 4. Vituperative words; coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; virulent condemnation; reviling. The two parties, after exchanging a good deal of abuse, came to blows. Macaulay. 5. Violation; rape; as, abuse of a female child. [Obs.] Or is it some abuse, and no such thing? Shak. Abuse of distress (Law), a wrongful using of an animal or chattel distrained, by the distrainer. Syn. Ð Invective; contumely; reproach; scurrility; insult; opprobrium. Ð Abuse, Invective. Abuse is generally prompted by anger, and vented in harsh and unseemly words. It is more personal and coarse than invective. Abuse generally takes place in private quarrels; invective in writing or public discussions. Invective may be conveyed in refined language and dictated by indignation against what is blameworthy. C. J. Smith. AÏbuse¶ful (#), a. Full of abuse; abusive. [R.] ½Abuseful names.¸ Bp. Barlow. AÏbus¶er (#), n. One who abuses [ in the various senses of the verb]. AÏbu¶sion (#), n. [OE. abusion, abusioun, OF. abusion, fr. L. abusio misuse of words, f. abuti. See Abuse, v. t.] Evil or corrupt usage; abuse; wrong; reproach; deception; cheat. Chaucer. AÏbu¶sive (#), a. [Cf. F. abusif, fr. L. abusivus.] 1. Wrongly used; perverted; misapplied. I am... necessitated to use the word Parliament improperly, according to the abusive acceptation thereof. Fuller. 2. Given to misusing; also, full of abuses. [Archaic] ½The abusive prerogatives of his see.¸ Hallam. 3. Practicing abuse; prone to ill treat by coarse, insulting words or by other ill usage; as, an abusive author; an abusive fellow. 4. Containing abuse, or serving as the instrument of abuse; vituperative; reproachful; scurrilous. ½An abusive lampoon.¸ Johnson. 5. Tending to deceive; fraudulent; cheating. [Obs.] ½An abusive treaty.¸ Bacon. Syn. Ð Reproachful; scurrilous; opprobrious; insolent; insulting; injurious; offensive; reviling. AÏbu¶siveÏly, adv. In an abusive manner; rudely; with abusive language. AÏbu¶siveÏness, n. The quality of being abusive; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. Pick out mirth, like stones out of thy ground, Profaneness, filthiness, abusiveness. Herbert. AÏbut¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Abutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Abutting.] [OF. abouter, aboter; cf. F. aboutir, and also abuter; a (L. ad) + OF. boter, buter, to push: cf. F. bout end, and but end, purpose.] To project; to terminate or border; to be contiguous; to meet; Ð with on, upon, or against; as, his land abuts on the road. AÏbu¶tiÏlon (#), n. [Ar. aub?tÆl?n.] (Bot.) A genus of malvaceous plants of many species, found in the torrid and temperate zones of both continents; Ð called also Indian mallow. AÏbut¶ment (#), n. 1. State of abutting. 2. That on or against which a body abuts or presses; as (a) (Arch.) The solid part of a pier or wall, etc., which receives the thrust or lateral pressure of an arch, vault, or strut. Gwilt. (b) (mech.) A fixed point or surface from which resistance or reaction is obtained, as the cylinder head of a steam engine, the fulcrum of a lever, etc. (c) In breechÐloading firearms, the block behind the barrel which receives the pressure due to recoil. AÏbut¶tal (#), n. The butting or boundary of land, particularly at the end; a headland. Spelman. AÏbut¶ter (#), n. One who, or that which, abuts. Specifically, the owner of a contiguous estate; as, the abutters on a street or a river. AÏbuzz¶ (#), a. [Pref. aÏ + buzz.] In a buzz; buzzing. [Colloq.] Dickens. AÏby¶, AÏbye¶ } (#), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Abought (#).] [AS. ¾bycgan to pay for; pref. ¾Ï (cf. Goth. usÏ, Ger. erÏ, orig. meaning out) + bycgan to buy. See Buy, and cf. Abide.] 1. To pay for; to suffer for; to atone for; to make amends for; to give satisfaction. [Obs.] Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear. Shak. 2. To endure; to abide. [Obs.] But nought that wanteth rest can long aby. Spenser. AÏbysm¶ (#), n. [OF. abisme; F. abime, LL. abyssimus, a superl. of L. abyssus; Gr. ?. See Abyss.] An abyss; a gulf. ½The abysm of hell.¸ Shak. AÏbys¶mal (#), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, an abyss; bottomless; unending; profound. Geology gives one the same abysmal extent of time that astronomy does of space. Carlyle. AÏbys¶malÏly, adv. To a fathomless depth; profoundly. ½Abysmally ignorant.¸ G. Eliot. AÏbyss¶ (#), n. [L. abyssus a bottomless gulf, fr. Gr. ? bottomless; ? priv. + ? depth, bottom.] 1. A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable, and, specifically, hell, or the bottomless pit. Ye powers and spirits of this nethermost abyss. Milton. The throne is darkness, in the abyss of light. Dryden. 2. Infinite time; a vast intellectual or moral depth. The abysses of metaphysical theology. Macaulay. In unfathomable abysses of disgrace. Burke. 3. (Her.) The center of an escutcheon. µ This word, in its leading uses, is associated with the cosmological notions of the Hebrews, having reference to a supposed illimitable mass of waters from which our earth sprung, and beneath whose profound depths the wicked were punished. Encyc. Brit. AÏbyss¶al (#), a. [Cf. Abysmal.] Belonging to, or resembling, an abyss; unfathomable. Abyssal zone (Phys. Geog.), one of the belts or zones into which Sir E. Forbes divides the bottom of the sea in describing its plants, animals, etc. It is the one furthest from the shore, embracing all beyond one hundred fathoms deep. Hence, abyssal animals, plants, etc. Ab·ysÏsin¶iÏan (#), a. Of or pertaining to Abyssinia. Abyssinian gold, an alloy of 90.74 parts of copper and 8.33 parts of zink. Ure. Ab·ysÏsin¶iÏan, n. 1. A native of Abyssinia. 2. A member of the Abyssinian Church. AÏca¶ciÏa (#), n. (Antiq.) A roll or bag, filled with dust, borne by Byzantine emperors, as a memento of mortality. It is represented on medals. AÏca¶cia (#), n.; pl. E. Acacias (#), L. Acaci‘ (#). [L. from Gr. ?; orig. the name of a thorny tree found in Egypt; prob. fr. the root ak to be sharp. See Acute.] 1. A genus of leguminous trees and shrubs. Nearly 300 species are Australian or Polynesian, and have terete or vertically compressed leaf stalks, instead of the bipinnate leaves of the much fewer species of America, Africa, etc. Very few are found in temperate climates. 2. (Med.) The inspissated juice of several species of acacia; Ð called also gum acacia, and gum arabic. Ac¶aÏcin, Ac¶aÏcine (#), n. Gum arabic. Ac·aÏdeme¶ (#), n. [L. academia. See Academy.] An academy. [Poetic] Shak. Ac·aÏde¶miÏal (#), a. Academic. [R.] Ac·aÏde¶miÏan (#), n. A member of an academy, university, or college. { Ac·aÏdem¶ic (#), Ac·aÏdem¶icÏal (#), } a. [L. academicus: cf. F. acad‚migue. See Academy.] 1. Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato; as, the Academic sect or philosophy. 2. Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning; scholarly; literary or classical, in distinction from scientific. ½Academic courses.¸ Warburton. ½Academical study.¸ Berkeley. Ac·aÏdem¶ic, n. 1. One holding the philosophy of Socrates and Plato; a Platonist. Hume. 2. A member of an academy, college, or university; an academician. Ac·aÏdem·icÏalÏly, adv. In an academical manner. Ac·aÏdem¶icÏals (#), n. pl. The articles of dress prescribed and worn at some colleges and universities. Ac·aÏdeÏmi¶cian (#; 277), n. [F. acad‚micien. See Academy.] 1. A member of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, as of the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of arts. 2. A collegian. [R.] Chesterfield. Ac·aÏdem¶iÏcism (#), n. 1. A tenet of the Academic philosophy. 2. A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy. AÏcad¶eÏmism (#), n. The doctrines of the Academic philosophy. [Obs.] Baxter. AÏcad¶eÏmist (#), n. [F. academiste.] 1. An Academic philosopher. 2. An academician. [Obs. or R.] Ray. AÏcad¶eÏmy (#), n.; pl. Academies (#). [F. acad‚mie, L. academia. Cf. Academe.] 1. A garden or grove near Athens (so named from the hero Academus), where Plato and his followers held their philosophical conferences; hence, the school of philosophy of which Plato was head. 2. An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university. Popularly, a school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between a college and a common school. 3. A place of training; a school. ½Academies of fanaticism.¸ Hume. 4. A society of learned men united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science; as, the French Academy; the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; academies of literature and philology. 5. A school or place of training in which some special art is taught; as, the military academy at West Point; a riding academy; the Academy of Music. Academy figure (Paint.), a drawing usually half lifeÐsize, in crayon or pencil, after a nude model. AÏca¶diÏan (#), a. Of or pertaining to Acadie, or Nova Scotia. ½Acadian farmers.¸ Longfellow. Ð n. A native of Acadie. Acadian epoch (Geol.), an epoch at the beginning of the American paleozoic time, and including the oldest American rocks known to be fossiliferous. See Geology. Ð Acadian owl (Zo”l.), a small North American owl (Nyctule Acadica); the sawÐwhet. Ø Ac¶aÏjou (#), n. [F. See Cashew.] (Bot.) (a) The cashew tree; also, its fruit. See Cashew. Ð (b) The mahogany tree; also, its timber. Ac¶aÏleph (#), Ac·aÏle¶phan (#) } n.; pl. Acalephs (#), Acalephans (#). [See Acaleph‘.] (Zo”l.) One of the Acaleph‘. Ø Ac·aÏle¶ph‘ (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ?, a nettle.] A group of Coelenterata, including the Medus‘ or jellyfishes, and hydroids; Ð so called from the stinging power they possess. Sometimes called sea nettles. Ac·ale¶phoid (#), a. [Acaleph + Ïoid.] (Zo”l.) Belonging to or resembling the Acaleph‘ or jellyfishes. AÏcal¶yÏcine (#), Ac·aÏlys·iÏnous (#), a. [Gr. ? priv. + ? calyx.] (Bot.) Without a calyx, or outer floral envelope. AÏcanth¶ (#), n. Same as Acanthus. Ø AÏcan¶tha (#), n. [Gr. ? thorn, fr. ? point. See Acute.] 1. (Bot.) A prickle. 2. (Zo”l.) A spine or prickly fin. 3. (Anat.) The vertebral column; the spinous process of a vertebra. Dunglison. Ac¶anÏtha¶ceous (#), a. 1. Armed with prickles, as a plant. 2. (Bot.) Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the family of plants of which the acanthus is the type.

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AÏcan¶thine (#), a. [L. acanthinus, Gr. ?, thorny, fr. ?. See Acanthus.] Of, pertaining to, or resembling, the plant acanthus. AÏcan·thoÏcar¶pous (#), a. [Gr. ? thorn + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Having the fruit covered with spines. Ø AÏcan·thoÏceph¶aÏla (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? a spine, thorn + ? head.] (Zo”l.) A group of intestinal worms, having the proboscis armed with recurved spines. AÏcan·thoÏceph¶aÏlous (#), a. (Zo”l.) Having a spiny head, as one of the Acanthocephala. Ac·anÏthoph¶oÏrous (#), a. [Gr. ?, fr. ? spine + ? to bear.] SpineÐbearing. Gray. AÏcan·thoÏpo¶diÏous (#), a. [Gr. ? thorn + ?, ?, foot.] (Bot.) Having spinous petioles. Ø Ac·anÏthop¶terÏi (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? thorn + ? wing, fin.] (Zo”l.) A group of teleostean fishes having spiny fins. See Acanthopterygh. Ac·anÏthop¶terÏous (#), a. [Gr. ? spine + ? wing.] 1. (Zo”l.) SpinyÐwinged. 2. (Zo”l.) Acanthopterygious. Ac·anÏthop·terÏyg¶iÏan (#), a. (Zo”l.) Belonging to the order of fishes having spinose fins, as the perch. Ð n. A spinyÐfinned fish. Ø Ac·anÏthop·terÏyg¶iÏi (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? thorn + ? fin, dim. fr. ? wing.] (Zo”l.) An order of fishes having some of the rays of the dorsal, ventral, and anal fins unarticulated and spinelike, as the perch. Ac·anÏthop·terÏyg¶iÏous (#), a. (Zo”l.) Having fins in which the rays are hard and spinelike; spinyÐfinned. AÏcan¶thus (#), n.; pl. E. Acanthuses (#), L. Acanthi (#). [L., from Gr. ?. Cf. Acantha.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of herbaceous prickly plants, found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India; bear'sÐbreech. 2. (Arch.) An ornament resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus (Acanthus spinosus); Ð used in the capitals of the Corinthian and Composite orders. Ø A capÏpel¶la (#). [It. See Chapel.] (Mus.) (a) In church or chapel style; Ð said of compositions sung in the old church style, without instrumental accompaniment; as, a mass a capella, i. e., a mass purely vocal. (b) A time indication, equivalent to alla breve. AÏcap¶suÏlar (#), a. [Pref. aÐ not + capsular.] (Bot.) Having no capsule. AÏcar¶diÏac (#), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? heart.] Without a heart; as, an acardiac fetus. AÏcar¶iÏdan (#), n. [See Acarus.] (Zo”l.) One of a group of arachnids, including the mites and ticks. Ø Ac·aÏri¶na (#), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. ? a mite.] (Zo”l.) The group of Arachnida which includes the mites and ticks. Many species are parasitic, and cause diseases like the itch and mange. Ac¶aÏrine (#), a. (Med.) Of or caused by acari or mites; as, acarine diseases. Ac¶aÏroid (#), a. [NL., acarus a mite + Ðoid.] (Zo”l.) Shaped like or resembling a mite. Ac·arÏpel¶lous (#), a. [Pref. aÐ not + carpel.] (Bot.) Having no carpels. AÏcar¶pous (#), a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? fruit.] (Bot.) Not producing fruit; unfruitful. Ø Ac¶aÏrus (#), n.; pl. Acari (#). [NL., from Gr. ? the cheese mite, tick.] (Zo”l.) A genus including many species of small mites. AÏcat·aÏlec¶tic (#), a. [L. acatalecticus, Gr. ?, not defective at the end; ? priv. + ? to cease.] (Pros.) Not defective; complete; as, an acatalectic verse. Ð n. A verse which has the complete number of feet and syllables. AÏcat¶aÏlep·sy (#), n. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? to seize, comprehend.] Incomprehensibility of things; the doctrine held by the ancient Skeptic philosophers, that human knowledge never amounts to certainty, but only to probability. AÏcat·aÏlep¶tic (#), a. [Gr. ?.] Incapable of being comprehended; incomprehensible. AÏca¶ter (#), n. See Caterer. [Obs.] AÏcates¶ (#), n. pl. See Cates. [Obs.] AÏcau¶date (#), a. [Pref. aÐ not + eaudate.] Tailless. Ac·auÏles¶cent (#), a. [Pref. aÐ not + caulescent.] (Bot.) Having no stem or caulis, or only a very short one concealed in the ground. Gray. AÏcau¶line (#), a. [Pref. aÐ not + cauline.] (Bot.) Same as Acaulescent. AÏcau¶lose (#), AÏcau¶lous (#),} a. [Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? stalk or L. caulis stalk. See Cole.] (Bot.) Same as Acaulescent. AcÏca¶diÏan (#), a. [From the city Accad. See Gen. x. 10.] Pertaining to a race supposed to have lived in Babylonia before the Assyrian conquest. Ð AcÏca¶diÏan, n., Ac¶cad (#), n. Sayce. AcÏcede¶ (#), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Acceded; p. pr. & vb. n. Acceding.] [L. accedere to approach, accede; ad + cedere to move, yield: cf. F. acc‚dere. See Cede.] 1. To approach; to come forward; Ð opposed to recede. [Obs. or R.] T. Gale. 2. To enter upon an office or dignity; to attain. Edward IV., who had acceded to the throne in the year 1461. T. Warton. If Frederick had acceded to the supreme power. Morley. 3. To become a party by associating one's self with others; to give one's adhesion. Hence, to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; as, he acceded to my request. The treaty of Hanover in 1725 . . . to which the Dutch afterwards acceded. Chesterfield. Syn. Ð To agree; assent; consent; comply; acquiesce; concur. AcÏced¶ence (#), n. The act of acceding. AcÏced¶er (#), n. One who accedes. Ø AcÏcel·erÏan¶do (#), a. [It.] (Mus.) Gradually accelerating the movement. AcÏcel¶erÏate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accelerated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accelerating.] [L. acceleratus, p. p. of accelerare; ad + celerare to hasten; celer quick. See Celerity.] 1. To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of; Ð opposed to retard. 2. To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant, the increase of wealth, etc. 3. To hasten, as the occurence of an event; as, to accelerate our departure. Accelerated motion (Mech.), motion with a continually increasing velocity. Ð Accelerating force, the force which causes accelerated motion. Nichol. Syn. Ð To hasten; expedite; quicken; dispatch; forward; advance; further. AcÏcel·erÏa¶tion (#), n. [L. acceleratio: cf. F. acc‚l‚ration.] The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as, a falling body moves toward the earth with an acceleration of velocity; Ð opposed to retardation. A period of social improvement, or of intellectual advancement, contains within itself a principle of acceleration. I. Taylor. (Astr. & Physics.) Acceleration of the moon, the increase of the moon's mean motion in its orbit, in consequence of which its period of revolution is now shorter than in ancient times. Ð Acceleration and retardation of the tides. See Priming of the tides, under Priming. Ð Diurnal acceleration of the fixed stars, the amount by which their apparent diurnal motion exceeds that of the sun, in consequence of which they daily come to the meridian of any place about three minutes fiftyÐsix seconds of solar time earlier than on the day preceding. Ð Acceleration of the planets, the increasing velocity of their motion, in proceeding from the apogee to the perigee of their orbits. AcÏcel¶erÏaÏtive (#), a. Relating to acceleration; adding to velocity; quickening. Reid. AcÏcel¶erÏa·tor (#), n. One who, or that which, accelerates. Also as an adj.; as, accelerator nerves. AcÏcel¶erÏaÏtoÏry (#), a. Accelerative. AcÏcel¶erÏoÏgraph (#), n. [Accelerate + Ðgraph.] (Mil.) An apparatus for studying the combustion of powder in guns, etc. AcÏcel·erÏom¶eÏter (#), n. [Accelerate + Ðmeter.] An apparatus for measuring the velocity imparted by gunpowder. AcÏcend¶ (#), v. t. [L. accendere, accensum, to kindle; ad + cand?re to kindle (only in compounds); rel. to cand‰re to be white, to gleam. See Candle.] To set on fire; to kindle. [Obs.] Fotherby. AcÏcend·iÏbil¶iÏty (#), n. Capacity of being kindled, or of becoming inflamed; inflammability. AcÏcend¶iÏble (#), a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled; combustible; inflammable. Ure. AcÏcen¶sion (#), n. The act of kindling or the state of being kindled; ignition. Locke. AcÏcen¶sor (#), n. [LL., from p. p. accensus. See Accend.] (R. C. Ch.) One of the functionaries who light and trim the tapers. Ac¶cent· (#), n. [F. accent, L. accentus; ad + cantus a singing, canere to sing. See Cant.] 1. A superior force of voice or of articulative effort upon some particular syllable of a word or a phrase, distinguishing it from the others. µ Many English words have two accents, the primary and the secondary; the primary being uttered with a greater stress of voice than the secondary; as in as·pira¶tion, where the chief stress is on the third syllable, and a slighter stress on the first. Some words, as an·tiap·oÏplec¶tic, inÏcom·preÏhen·siÏbil¶iÏty, have two secondary accents. See Guide to Pron., ?? 30Ð46. 2. A mark or character used in writing, and serving to regulate the pronunciation; esp.: (a) a mark to indicate the nature and place of the spoken accent; (b) a mark to indicate the quality of sound of the vowel marked; as, the French accents. µ In the ancient Greek the acute accent (·) meant a raised tone or pitch, the grave (?), the level tone or simply the negation of accent, the circumflex ( ? or ?) a tone raised and then depressed. In works on elocution, the first is often used to denote the rising inflection of the voice; the second, the falling inflection; and the third (^), the compound or waving inflection. In dictionaries, spelling books, and the like, the acute accent is used to designate the syllable which receives the chief stress of voice. 3. Modulation of the voice in speaking; manner of speaking or pronouncing; peculiar or characteristic modification of the voice; tone; as, a foreign accent; a French or a German accent. ½Beguiled you in a plain accent.¸ Shak. ½A perfect accent.¸ Thackeray. The tender accent of a woman's cry. Prior. 4. A word; a significant tone; (pl.) expressions in general; speech. Winds! on your wings to Heaven her accents bear, Such words as Heaven alone is fit to hear. Dryden. 5. (Pros.) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse. 6. (Mus.) (a) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure. (b) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure. (c) The rythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period. (d) The expressive emphasis and shading of a passage. J. S. Dwight. 7. (Math.) (a) A mark placed at the right hand of a letter, and a little above it, to distinguish magnitudes of a similar kind expressed by the same letter, but differing in value, as y·,y··. (b) (Trigon.) A mark at the right hand of a number, indicating minutes of a degree, seconds, etc.; as, 12·27··, i. e., twelve minutes twenty seven seconds. (c) (Engin.) A mark used to denote feet and inches; as, 6·10·· is six feet ten inches. AcÏcent¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accented; p. pr. & vb. n. Accenting.] [OF. accenter, F. accentuer.] 1. To express the accent of (either by the voice or by a mark); to utter or to mark with accent. 2. To mark emphatically; to emphasize. Ac¶cent·less (#), a. Without accent. AcÏcen¶tor (#), n. [L. ad. + cantor singer, canere to sing.] 1. (Mus.) One who sings the leading part; the director or leader. [Obs.] 2. (Zo”l.) A genus of European birds (so named from their sweet notes), including the hedge warbler. In America sometimes applied to the water thrushes. AcÏcen¶tuÏaÏble (#), a. Capable of being accented. AcÏcen¶tuÏal (#), a. Of or pertaining to accent; characterized or formed by accent. AcÏcen·tuÏal¶iÏty (#), n. The quality of being accentual. AcÏcen¶tuÏalÏly (#), adv. In an accentual manner; in accordance with accent. AcÏcen¶tuÏate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accentuated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accentuating.] [LL. accentuatus, p. p. of accentuare, fr. L. accentus: cf. F. accentuer.] 1. To pronounce with an accent or with accents. 2. To bring out distinctly; to make prominent; to emphasize. In Bosnia, the struggle between East and West was even more accentuated. London Times. 3. To mark with the written accent. AcÏcen·tuÏa¶tion (#), n. [LL. accentuatio: cf. F. accentuation.] Act of accentuating; applications of accent. Specifically (Eccles. Mus.), pitch or modulation of the voice in reciting portions of the liturgy. AcÏcept¶ (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accepted; p. pr. & vb. n. Accepting.] [F. accepter, L. acceptare, freq. of accipere; ad + capere to take; akin to E. heave.] 1. To receive with a consenting mind (something offered); as, to accept a gift; Ð often followed by of. If you accept them, then their worth is great. Shak. To accept of ransom for my son. Milton. She accepted of a treat. Addison. 2. To receive with favor; to approve. The Lord accept thy burnt sacrifice. Ps. xx. 3. Peradventure he will accept of me. Gen. xxxii. 20. 3. To receive or admit and agree to; to assent to; as, I accept your proposal, amendment, or excuse. 4. To take by the mind; to understand; as, How are these words to be accepted? 5. (Com.) To receive as obligatory and promise to pay; as, to accept a bill of exchange. Bouvier. 6. In a deliberate body, to receive in acquittance of a duty imposed; as, to accept the report of a committee. [This makes it the property of the body, and the question is then on its adoption.] To accept a bill (Law), to agree (on the part of the drawee) to pay it when due. Ð To accept service (Law), to agree that a writ or process shall be considered as regularly served, when it has not been. Ð To accept the person (Eccl.), to show favoritism. ½God accepteth no man's person.¸ Gal.ii.6. Syn. Ð To receive; take; admit. See Receive. AcÏcept¶, a. Accepted. [Obs.] Shak. AcÏcept·aÏbil¶iÏty (#), n. [LL. acceptabilitas.] The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness. ½Acceptability of repentance.¸ Jer. Taylor. AcÏcept¶aÏble (#), a. [F. acceptable, L. acceptabilis, fr. acceptare.] Capable, worthy, or sure of being accepted or received with pleasure; pleasing to a receiver; gratifying; agreeable; welcome; as, an acceptable present, one acceptable to us. AcÏcept¶aÏbleÏness (#), n. The quality of being acceptable, or suitable to be favorably received; acceptability. AcÏcept¶aÏbly, adv. In an acceptable manner; in a manner to please or give satisfaction. AcÏcept¶ance (#), n. 1. The act of accepting; a receiving what is offered, with approbation, satisfaction, or acquiescence; esp., favorable reception; approval; as, the acceptance of a gift, office, doctrine, etc. They shall come up with acceptance on mine altar. Isa. lx. i. 2. State of being accepted; acceptableness. ½Makes it assured of acceptance.¸ Shak. 3. (Com.) (a) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance. (b) The bill itself when accepted. 4. An agreeing to terms or proposals by which a bargain is concluded and the parties are bound; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking possession as owner. 5. (Law) An agreeing to the action of another, by some act which binds the person in law. µ What acts shall amount to such an acceptance is often a question of great nicety and difficulty. Mozley & W.

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µ In modern law, proposal and acceptance are the constituent elements into which all contracts are resolved. Acceptance of a bill of exchange, check, draft, or order, is an engagement to pay it according, to the terms. This engagement is usually made by writing the word ½accepted¸ across the face of the bill. Acceptance of goods, under the statute of frauds, is an intelligent acceptance by a party knowing the nature of the transaction. 6. Meaning; acceptation. [Obs.] Acceptance of persons, partiality, favoritism. See under Accept. AcÏcept¶anÏcy (#), n. Acceptance. [R.] Here's a proof of gift, But here's no proof, sir, of acceptancy. Mrs. Browning. AcÏcept¶ant (#), a. Accepting; receiving. AcÏcept¶ant, n. An accepter. Chapman. Ac·cepÏta¶tion (#), n. 1. Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; state of being acceptable. [Obs. or Archaic] This is saying worthy of all acceptation. 1 Tim. i. 15. Some things... are notwithstanding of so great dignity and acceptation with God. Hooker. 2. The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received; as, term is to be used according to its usual acceptation. My words, in common acceptation, Could never give this provocation. Gay. AcÏcept¶edÏly (#), adv. In a accepted manner; admittedly. AcÏcept¶er (#), n. 1. A person who accepts; a taker. 2. A respecter; a viewer with partiality. [Obs.] God is no accepter of persons. Chillingworth. 3. (Law) An acceptor. AcÏcep·tiÏla¶tion (#), n. [L. acceptilatio entry of a debt collected, acquittance, fr. p. p. of accipere (cf. Accept) + latio a carrying, fr. latus, p. p. of ferre to carry: cf. F. acceptilation.] (Civil Law) Gratuitous discharge; a release from debt or obligation without payment; free remission. AcÏcep¶tion (#), n. [L. acceptio a receiving, accepting: cf. F. acception.] Acceptation; the received meaning. [Obs.] Here the word ½baron¸ is not to be taken in that restrictive sense to which the modern acception hath confined it. Fuller. Acceptation of persons or faces (Eccl.), favoritism; partiality. [Obs.] Wyclif. AcÏcept¶ive (#), a. 1. Fit for acceptance. 2. Ready to accept. [Obs.] B. Jonson. AcÏcept¶or (#; 277), n. [L.] One who accepts; specifically (Law & Com.), one who accepts an order or a bill of exchange; a drawee after he has accepted. AcÏcess¶ (#; 277), n. [F. accŠs, L. accessus, fr. accedere. See Accede.] 1. A coming to, or near approach; admittance; admission; accessibility; as, to gain access to a prince. I did repel his letters, and denied His access to me. Shak. 2. The means, place, or way by which a thing may be approached; passage way; as, the access is by a neck of land. ½All access was thronged.¸ Milton. 3. Admission to sexual intercourse. During coverture, access of the husband shall be presumed, unless the contrary be shown. Blackstone. 4. Increase by something added; addition; as, an access of territory. [In this sense accession is more generally used.] I, from the influence of thy looks, receive Access in every virtue. Milton. 5. An onset, attack, or fit of disease. The first access looked like an apoplexy. Burnet. 6. A paroxysm; a fit of passion; an outburst; as, an access of fury. [A Gallicism] AcÏces¶saÏriÏly (#), adv. In the manner of an accessary. AcÏces¶saÏriÏness, n. The state of being accessary. AcÏces¶saÏry (#; 277), a. Accompanying, as a subordinate; additional; accessory; esp., uniting in, or contributing to, a crime, but not as chief actor. See Accessory. To both their deaths thou shalt be accessary. Shak. Amongst many secondary and accessary causes that support monarchy, these are not of least reckoning. Milton. AcÏces¶saÏry (277), n.; pl. Accessaries (#). [Cf. Accessory and LL. accessarius.] (Law) One who, not being present, contributes as an assistant or instigator to the commission of an offense. Accessary before the fact (Law), one who commands or counsels an offense, not being present at its commission. Ð Accessary after the fact, one who, after an offense, assists or shelters the offender, not being present at the commission of the offense. µ This word, as used in law, is spelt accessory by Blackstone and many others; but in this sense is spelt accessary by Bouvier, Burrill, Burns, Whishaw, Dane, and the Penny Cyclopedia; while in other senses it is spelt accessory. In recent textÐbooks on criminal law the distinction is not preserved, the spelling being either accessary or accessory. AcÏcess·iÏbil¶iÏty (#), n. [L. accessibilitas: cf. F. accessibilit‚.] The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptibility. Langhorne. AcÏcess¶iÏble (#), a. [L. accessibilis, fr. accedere: cf. F. accessible. See Accede.] 1. Easy of access or approach; approachable; as, an accessible town or mountain, an accessible person. 2. Open to the influence of; Ð with to. ½Minds accessible to reason.¸ Macaulay. 3. Obtainable; to be got at. The best information... at present accessible. Macaulay. AcÏcess¶iÏbly (#), adv. In an accessible manner. AsÏces¶sion (#), n. [L. accessio, fr. accedere: cf. F. accession. See Accede.] 1. A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined; as, a king's accession to a confederacy. 2. Increase by something added; that which is added; augmentation from without; as, an accession of wealth or territory. The only accession which the Roman empire received was the province of Britain. Gibbon. 3. (Law) (a) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species). Thus, the owner of a cow becomes the owner of her calf. (b) The act by which one power becomes party to engagements already in force between other powers. Kent. 4. The act of coming to or reaching a throne, an office, or dignity; as, the accession of the house of Stuart; Ð applied especially to the epoch of a new dynasty. 5. (Med.) The invasion, approach, or commencement of a disease; a fit or paroxysm. Syn. Ð Increase; addition; augmentation; enlargement. AcÏces¶sionÏal (#), a. Pertaining to accession; additional. [R.] Sir T. Browne. AcÏces¶sive (#), a. Additional. Ac·cesÏso¶riÏal (#), a. Of or pertaining to an accessory; as, accessorial agency, accessorial guilt. AcÏces¶soÏriÏly (#), adv. In the manner of an accessory; auxiliary. AcÏces¶soÏriÏness, n. The state of being accessory, or connected subordinately. AcÏces¶soÏry (#; 277), a. [L. accessorius. See Access, and cf. Accessary.] Accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; additional; connected as an incident or subordinate to a principal; contributing or contributory; said of persons and things, and, when of persons, usually in a bad sense; as, he was accessory to the riot; accessory sounds in music. µ Ash accents the antepenult; and this is not only more regular, but preferable, on account of easiness of pronunciation. Most orho‰pists place the accent on the first syllable. Syn. Ð Accompanying; contributory; auxiliary; subsidiary; subservient; additional; acceding. AcÏces¶soÏry, n.; pl. Accessories (#). 1. That which belongs to something else deemed the principal; something additional and subordinate. ½The aspect and accessories of a den of banditti.¸ Carlyle. 2. (Law) Same as Accessary, n. 3. (Fine Arts) Anything that enters into a work of art without being indispensably necessary, as mere ornamental parts. Elmes. Syn. Ð Abettor; accomplice; ally; coadjutor. See Abettor. Ø AcÏciac·caÏtu¶ra (#), n. [It., from acciaccare to crush.] (Mus.) A short grace note, one semitone below the note to which it is prefixed; Ð used especially in organ music. Now used as equivalent to the short appoggiatura. Ac¶ciÏdence (#), n. [A corruption of Eng. accidents, pl. of accident. See Accident, 2.] 1. The accidents, of inflections of words; the rudiments of grammar. Milton. 2. The rudiments of any subject. Lowell. Ac¶ciÏdent (#), n. [F. accident, fr. L. accidens, Ïdentis, p. pr. of accidere to happen; ad + cadere to fall. See Cadence, Case.] 1. Literally, a befalling; an event that takes place without one's foresight or expectation; an undesigned, sudden, and unexpected event; chance; contingency; often, an undesigned and unforeseen occurrence of an afflictive or unfortunate character; a casualty; a mishap; as, to die by an accident. Of moving accidents by flood and field. Shak. Thou cam'st not to thy place by accident: It is the very place God meant for thee. Trench. 2. (Gram.) A property attached to a word, but not essential to it, as gender, number, case. 3. (Her.) A point or mark which may be retained or omitted in a coat of arms. 4. (Log.) (a) A property or quality of a thing which is not essential to it, as whiteness in paper; an attribute. (b) A quality or attribute in distinction from the substance, as sweetness, softness. 5. Any accidental property, fact, or relation; an accidental or nonessential; as, beauty is an accident. This accident, as I call it, of Athens being situated some miles from the sea. J. P. Mahaffy. 6. Unusual appearance or effect. [Obs.] Chaucer. µ Accident, in Law, is equivalent to casus, or such unforeseen, extraordinary, extraneous interference as is out of the range of ordinary calculation. Ac·ciÏden¶tal (#), a. [Cf. F. accidentel, earlier accidental.] 1. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; casual; fortuitous; as, an accidental visit. 2. Nonessential; not necessary belonging; incidental; as, are accidental to a play. Accidental chords (Mus.), those which contain one or more tones foreign to their proper harmony. Ð Accidental colors (Opt.), colors depending on the hypersensibility of the retina of the eye for complementary colors. They are purely subjective sensations of color which often result from the contemplation of actually colored bodies. Ð Accidental point (Persp.), the point in which a right line, drawn from the eye, parallel to a given right line, cuts the perspective plane; so called to distinguish it from the principal point, or point of view, where a line drawn from the eye perpendicular to the perspective plane meets this plane. Ð Accidental lights (Paint.), secondary lights; effects of light other than ordinary daylight, such as the rays of the sun darting through a cloud, or between the leaves of trees; the effect of moonlight, candlelight, or burning bodies. Fairholt. Syn. Ï Casual; fortuitous; contingent; occasional; adventitious. Ð Accidental, Incidental, Casual, Fortuitous, Contingent. We speak of a thing as accidental when it falls out as by chance, and not in the regular course of things; as, an accidental meeting, an accidental advantage, etc. We call a thing incidental when it falls, as it were, into some regular course of things, but is secondary, and forms no essential part thereof; as, an incremental remark, an incidental evil, an incidental benefit. We speak of a thing as casual, when it falls out or happens, as it were, by mere chance, without being prearranged or premeditated; as, a casual remark or encounter; a casual observer. An idea of the unimportant is attached to what is casual. Fortuitous is applied to what occurs without any known cause, and in opposition to what has been foreseen; as, a fortuitous concourse of atoms. We call a thing contingent when it is such that, considered in itself, it may or may not happen, but is dependent for its existence on something else; as, the time of my coming will be contingent on intelligence yet to be received. Ac·ciÏden¶tal (#), n. 1. A property which is not essential; a nonessential; anything happening accidentally. He conceived it just that accidentals... should sink with the substance of the accusation. Fuller. 2. pl. (Paint.) Those fortuitous effects produced by luminous rays falling on certain objects so that some parts stand forth in abnormal brightness and other parts are cast into a deep shadow. 3. (Mus.) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note. Ac·ciÏden¶talÏism (#), n. Accidental character or effect. Ruskin. Ac·ciÏdenÏtal¶iÏty (#), n. The quality of being accidental; accidentalness. [R.] Coleridge. Ac·ciÏden¶talÏly (#), adv. In an accidental manner; unexpectedly; by chance; unintentionally; casually; fortuitously; not essentially. Ac·ciÏden¶talÏness, n. The quality of being accidental; casualness. Ac¶ciÏdie (#), n. [OF. accide, accidie, LL. accidia, acedia, fr. Gr. ?; ? priv. + ? care.] Sloth; torpor. [Obs.] ½The sin of accidie.¸ Chaucer. Ac·ciÏpen¶ser (#), n. See Acipenser. AcÏcip¶iÏent (#), n. [L. accipiens, p. pr. of accipere. See Accept.] A receiver. [R.] Bailey Ø AcÏcip¶iÏter (#), n.; pl. E. Accipiters (#). L. Accipitres (#). [L., hawk.] 1. (Zo”l.) A genus of rapacious birds; one of the Accipitres or Raptores. 2. (Surg.) A bandage applied over the nose, resembling the claw of a hawk. AcÏcip¶iÏtral (#), n. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a falcon or hawk; hawklike. Lowell. Ø AcÏcip¶iÏtres (#), n. pl. [L., hawks.] (Zo”l.) The order that includes rapacious birds. They have a hooked bill, and sharp, strongly curved talons. There are three families, represented by the vultures, the falcons or hawks, and the owls. AcÏcip¶iÏtrine (#; 277), a. [Cf. F. accipitrin.] (Zo”l.) Like or belonging to the Accipitres; raptorial; hawklike. Ø AcÏcis¶mus (#), n. [NL., fr. Gr. ?.] (Rhet.) Affected refusal; coyness. AcÏcite¶ (#), v. t. [L. accitus, p. p. of accire, accere, to call for; ad + ciere to move, call. See Cite.] To cite; to summon. [Obs.] Our heralds now accited all that were Endamaged by the Elians. Chapman. AcÏclaim¶ (#), v. t. [L. acclamare; ad + clamare to cry out. See Claim, Clamor.] [R.] 1. To applaud. ½A glad acclaming train.¸ Thomson. 2. To declare by acclamations. While the shouting crowd Acclaims thee king of traitors. Smollett. 3. To shout; as, to acclaim my joy. AcÏclaim¶, v. i. To shout applause. AcÏclaim¶, n. Acclamation. [Poetic] Milton. AcÏclaim¶er (#), n. One who acclaims. Ac·claÏma¶tion (#), n. [L. acclamatio: cf. F. acclamation.] 1. A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause. On such a day, a holiday having been voted by acclamation, an ordinary walk would not satisfy the children. Southey. 2. (Antiq.) A representation, in sculpture or on medals, of people expressing joy. Acclamation medals are those on which laudatory acclamations are recorded. Elmes. AcÏclam¶aÏtoÏry (#), a. Pertaining to, or expressing approval by, acclamation. AcÏcli¶maÏtaÏble (#), a. Capable of being acclimated. AcÏcli·maÏta¶tion (#), n. [Cf. F. acclimation. See Acclimate.] Acclimatization. AcÏcli¶mat? (#; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimating.] [F. acclimater; ? (l. ad) + climat climate. See Climate.] To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize. J. H. Newman. AcÏcli¶mateÏment (#), n. Acclimation. [R.] Ac·cliÏma¶tion (#), n. The process of becoming, or the state of being, acclimated, or habituated to a new climate; acclimatization. AcÏcli¶maÏti·zaÏble (#), a. Capable of being acclimatized.

p. 12

AcÏcli¶maÏtiÏza¶tion (#), n. The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured. Darwin. AcÏcli¶maÏtize (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Acclimatized (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Acclimatizing (#).] To inure or habituate a climate different from that which is natural; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate; said of man, the inferior animals, or plants. AcÏcli¶maÏture (#; 135), n. The act of acclimating, or the state of being acclimated. [R.] Caldwell. AcÏclive¶ (#), a. Acclivous. [Obs.] AcÏcliff¶iÏtous (#), a. Acclivous. I. Taylor. AcÏcliv¶iÏty, n.; pl. Acclivities (#). [L. acclivitas, fr. acclivis, acclivus, ascending; ad + clivus a hill, slope, fr. root kli to lean. See Lean.] A slope or inclination of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as ascending, in opposition to declivity, or descending; an upward slope; ascent. AcÏcli¶vous (#; 277), a. [L. acclivis and acclivus.] Sloping upward; rising as a hillside; Ð opposed to declivous. AcÏcloy¶ (#), v. t. [OF. encloyer, encloer, F. enclouer, to drive in a nail, fr. L. in + clavus nail.] To fill to satiety; to stuff full; to clog; to overload; to burden. See Cloy. [Obs.] Chaucer. AcÏcoast¶ (#), v. t. & i. [See Accost, Coast.] To lie or sail along the coast or side of; to accost. [Obs.] Whether high towering or accosting low. Spenser. AcÏcoil¶ (#), v. t. [OE. acoillir to receive, F. accueillir; L. ad + colligere to collect. See Coil.] 1. To gather together; to collect. [Obs.] Spenser. 2. (Naut.) To coil together. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Ac·coÏlade¶ (#; 277), n. [F. accolade, It. accolata, fr. accollare to embrace; L. ad + collum neck.] 1. A ceremony formerly used in conferring knighthood, consisting am embrace, and a slight blow on the shoulders with the flat blade of a sword. 2. (Mus.) A brace used to join two or more staves. AcÏcomÏbiÏna¶tion (#), n. [L. ad + E. combination.] A combining together. [R.] AcÏcom¶moÏdaÏble (#), a. [Cf. F. accommodable.] That may be accommodated, fitted, or made to agree. [R.] I. Watts. AcÏcom¶moÏdableÏness, n. The quality or condition of being accommodable. [R.] Todd. AcÏcom¶moÏdate (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accommodated (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accommodating (#).] [L. accommodatus, p. p. of accommodare; ad + commodare to make fit, help; conÏ + modus measure, proportion. See Mode.] 1. To render fit, suitable, or correspondent; to adapt; to conform; as, to accommodate ourselves to circumstances. ½They accomodate their counsels to his inclination.¸ Addison. 2. To bring into agreement or harmony; to reconcile; to compose; to adjust; to settle; as, to accommodate differences, a dispute, etc. 3. To furnish with something desired, needed, or convenient; to favor; to oblige; as, to accommodate a friend with a loan or with lodgings. 4. To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.; as, to accommodate prophecy to events. Syn. Ð To suit; adapt; conform; adjust; arrange. AcÏcom¶moÏdate, v. i. To adapt one's self; to be conformable or adapted. [R.] Boyle. AcÏcom¶moÏdate (#), a. [L. accommodatus, p.p. of accommodare.] Suitable; fit; adapted; as, means accommodate to end. [Archaic] Tillotson. AcÏcom¶moÏdateÏly, adv. Suitably; fitly. [R.] AcÏcom¶moÏdateÏness, n. Fitness. [R.] AcÏcom¶moÏda·ting (#), a. Affording, or disposed to afford, accommodation; obliging; as an accommodating man, spirit, arrangement. AcÏcom·moÏda¶tion (#), n. [L. accommodatio, fr. accommodare: cf. F. accommodation.] 1. The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment; Ð followed by to. ½The organization of the body with accommodation to its functions.¸ Sir M. Hale. 2. Willingness to accommodate; obligingness. 3. Whatever supplies a want or affords ease, refreshment, or convenience; anything furnished which is desired or needful; Ð often in the plural; as, the accomodations Ð that is, lodgings and food Ð at an inn. A volume of Shakespeare in each pocket, a small bundle with a change of linen slung across his shoulders, an oaken cudgel in his hand, complete our pedestrian's accommodations. Sir W. Scott. 4. An adjustment of differences; state of agreement; reconciliation; settlement. ½To come to terms of accommodation.¸ Macaulay. 5. The application of a writer's language, on the ground of analogy, to something not originally referred to or intended. Many of those quotations from the Old Testament were probably intended as nothing more than accommodations. Paley. 6. (Com.) (a) A loan of money. (b) An accommodation bill or note. Accommodation bill, or note (Com.), a bill of exchange which a person accepts, or a note which a person makes and delivers to another, not upon a consideration received, but for the purpose of raising money on credit. Ð Accommodation coach, or train, one running at moderate speed and stopping at all or nearly all stations. Ð Accommodation ladder (Naut.), a light ladder hung over the side of a ship at the gangway, useful in ascending from, or descending to, small boats. AcÏcom¶moÏda·tor (#), n. He who, or that which, accommodates. Warburton. AcÏcom¶paÏnaÏble (#), a. Sociable. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. AcÏcom¶paÏniÏer (#), n. He who, or that which, accompanies. Lamb. AcÏcom¶paÏniÏment (#), n. [F. accompagnement.] That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry. Specifically: (Mus.) A part performed by instruments, accompanying another part or parts performed by voices; the subordinate part, or parts, accompanying the voice or a principal instrument; also, the harmony of a figured bass. P. Cyc. AcÏcom¶paÏnist (#), n. The performer in music who takes the accompanying part. Busby. AcÏcom¶paÏny (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accompanied (#); p. pr. & vb. n. Accompanying (#)] [OF. aacompaignier, F. accompagner, to associate with, fr. OF. compaign, compain, companion. See Company.] 1. To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with; Ð followed by with or by;as, he accompanied his speech with a bow. The Persian dames,... In sumptuous cars, accompanied his march. Glover. The are never alone that are accompanied with noble thoughts. Sir P. Sidney. He was accompanied by two carts filled wounded rebels. Macaulay. 2. To cohabit with. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert. Syn. Ð To attend; escort; go with. Ð To Accompany, Attend, Escort. We accompany those with whom we go as companions. The word imports an equality of station. We attend those whom we wait upon or follow. The word conveys an idea of subornation. We escort those whom we attend with a view to guard and protect. A gentleman accompanies a friend to some public place; he attends or escorts a lady. AcÏcom¶paÏny, v. i. 1. To associate in a company; to keep company. [Obs.] Bacon. Men say that they will drive away one another,... and not accompany together. Holland. 2. To cohabit (with). [Obs.] Milton. 3. (Mus.) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition. AcÏcom¶pleÏtive (#), a. [L. ad + complere, completum, to fill up.] Tending to accomplish. [R.] AcÏcom¶plice (#), n. [AcÏ (perh. for the article a or for L. ad) + E. complice. See Complice.] 1. A cooperator. [R.] Success unto our valiant general, And happiness to his accomplices! Shak. 2. (Law) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory. ½And thou, the cursed accomplice of his treason.¸ Johnson. It is followed by with or of before a person and by in (or sometimes of) before the crime; as, A was an accomplice with B in the murder of C. Dryden uses it with to before a thing. ½Suspected for accomplice to the fire.¸ Dryden. Syn. Ð Abettor; accessory; assistant; associate; confederate; coadjutor; ally; promoter. See Abettor. AcÏcom¶pliceÏship (#), n. The state of being an accomplice. [R.] Sir H. Taylor. Ac·comÏplic¶iÏty (#), n. The act or state of being an accomplice. [R.] AcÏcom¶plish (#), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accomplished (#), p. pr. & vb. n. Accomplishing.] [OE. acomplissen, OF. accomplir, F. accomplir; L. ad + complere to fill up, complete. See Complete, Finish.] 1. To complete, as time or distance. That He would accomplish seventy years in the desolations of Jerusalem. Dan. ix. 2. He had accomplished half a league or more. Prescott. 2. To bring to an issue of full success; to effect; to perform; to execute fully; to fulfill; as, to accomplish a design, an object, a promise. This that is written must yet be accomplished in me. Luke xxii. 37. 3. To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish. The armorers accomplishing the knights. Shak. It [the moon] is fully accomplished for all those ends to which Providence did appoint it. Wilkins. These qualities... go to accomplish a perfect woman. Cowden Clarke. 4. To gain; to obtain. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. Ð To do; perform; fulfill; realize; effect; effectuate; complete; consummate; execute; achieve; perfect; equip; furnish. Ð To Accomplish, Effect, Execute, Achieve, Perform. These words agree in the general idea of carrying out to some end proposed. To accomplish (to fill up to the measure of the intention) generally implies perseverance and skill; as, to accomplish a plan proposed by one's self, an object, a design, an undertaking. ½Thou shalt accomplish my desire.¸ 1 Kings v. 9. He... expressed his desire to see a union accomplished between England and Scotland. Macaulay. To effect (to work out) is much like accomplish. It usually implies some degree of difficulty contended with; as, he effected or accomplished what he intended, his purpose, but little. ½What he decreed, he effected.¸ Milton. To work in close design by fraud or guile What force effected not. Milton. To execute (to follow out to the end, to carry out, or into effect) implies a set mode of operation; as, to execute the laws or the orders of another; to execute a work, a purpose, design, plan, project. To perform is much like to do, though less generally applied. It conveys a notion of protracted and methodical effort; as, to perform a mission, a part, a task, a work. ½Thou canst best perform that office.¸ Milton. The Saints, like stars, around his seat Perform their courses still. Keble. To achieve (to come to the end or arrive at one's purpose) usually implies some enterprise or undertaking of importance, difficulty, and excellence. AcÏcom¶plishÏaÏble (#), a. Capable of being accomplished; practicable. Carlyle. AcÏcom¶plished (#), a. 1. Completed; effected; established; as, an accomplished fact. 2. Complete in acquirements as the result usually of training; Ð commonly in a good sense; as, an accomplished scholar, an accomplished scholar, an accomplished villain. They... show themselves accomplished bees. Holland. Daughter of God and man, accomplished Eve. Milton. AcÏcom¶plishÏer (#), n. One who accomplishes. AcÏcom¶plishÏment (#), n. [F. accomplissement, fr. accomplir.] 1. The act of accomplishing; entire performance; completion; fulfillment; as, the accomplishment of an enterprise, of a prophecy, etc. 2. That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training. ½My new accomplishment of dancing.¸ Churchill. ½Accomplishments befitting a station.¸ Thackeray. Accomplishments have taken virtue's place, And wisdom falls before exterior grace. Cowper. AcÏcompt¶ (#; formerly #), n. See Account. µ Accompt, accomptant, etc., are archaic forms. AcÏcomp¶aÏble (#), a. See Accountable. AcÏcompt¶ant (#), n. See Accountant. AcÏcord¶ (#), n. [OE. acord, accord, OF. acort, acorde, F. accord, fr. OF. acorder, F. accorder. See Accord, v. t.] 1. Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action; harmony of mind; consent; assent. A mediator of an accord and peace between them. Bacon. These all continued with one accord in prayer. Acts i. 14. 2. Harmony of sounds; agreement in pitch and tone; concord; as, the accord of tones. Those sweet accords are even the angels' lays. Sir J. Davies. 3. Agreement, harmony, or just correspondence of things; as, the accord of light and shade in painting. 4. Voluntary or spontaneous motion or impulse to act; Ð preceded by own; as, of one's own accord. That which groweth of its own accord of thy harvest thou shalt not reap. Lev. xxv. 5. Of his own accord he went unto you. 2 Cor. vii. 17. 5. (Law) An agreement between parties in controversy, by which satisfaction for an injury is stipulated, and which, when executed, bars a suit. Blackstone. With one accord, with unanimity. They rushed one accord into the theater. Acts xix. 29. AcÏcord¶, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Accorded; p. pr. & vb. n. According.] [OE. acorden, accorden, OF. acorder, F. accorder, fr. LL. accordare; L. ad + cor, cordis, heart. Cf. Concord, Discord, and see Heart.] 1. To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust; Ð followed by to. [R.] Her hands accorded the lute's music to the voice. Sidney. 2. To bring to an agreement, as persons; to reconcile; to settle, adjust, harmonize, or compose, as things; as, to accord suits or controversies. When they were accorded from the fray. Spenser. All which particulars, being confessedly knotty and difficult can never be accorded but by a competent stock of critica learning. South. 3. To grant as suitable or proper; to concede; to award; as, to accord to one due praise. ½According his desire.¸ Spenser. AcÏcord¶, v. i. 1. To agree; to correspond; to be in harmony; Ð followed by with, formerly also by to; as, his disposition accords with his looks. My heart accordeth with my tongue. Shak. Thy actions to thy words accord. Milton. 2. To agree in pitch and tone. AcÏcord¶aÏble (#), a. [OF. acordable, F. accordable.] 1. Agreeing. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Reconcilable; in accordance. AcÏcord¶ance (#), n. [OF. acordance.] Agreement; harmony; conformity. ½In strict accordance with the law.¸ Macaulay. Syn. Ð Harmony; unison; coincidence. AcÏcord¶anÏcy (#), n. Accordance. [R.] Paley. AcÏcord¶ant (#), a. [OF. acordant, F. accordant.] Agreeing; consonant; harmonious; corresponding; conformable; Ð followed by with or to. Strictly accordant with true morality. Darwin. And now his voice accordant to the string. Coldsmith. AcÏcord¶antÏly, adv. In accordance or agreement; agreeably; conformably; Ð followed by with or to. AcÏcord¶er (#), n. One who accords, assents, or concedes. [R.] AcÏcord¶ing, p. a. Agreeing; in agreement or harmony; harmonious. ½This according voice of national wisdom.¸ Burke. ½Mind and soul according well.¸ Tennyson. According to, agreeably to; in accordance or conformity with; consistent with. According to him, every person was to be bought. Macaulay. Our zeal should be according to knowledge. Sprat. µ According to has been called a prepositional phrase, but strictly speaking, according is a participle in the sense of agreeing, acceding, and to alone is the preposition. According as, precisely as; the same as; corresponding to the way in which. According as is an adverbial phrase, of which the propriety has been doubted; but good usage sanctions it. See According, adv. Is all things well, According as I gave directions? Shak. The land which the Lord will give you according as he hath promised. Ex. xii. 25.

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