Part 1

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VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS AND FARM VILLAGES.

GEO. E. WARING, JR.

CONSULTING ENGINEER FOR SANITARY AND AGRICULTURAL WORKS.

BOSTON: JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY, (Late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co.) 1877.

COPYRIGHT, 1877, BY GEO. E. WARING, JR.

FRANKLIN PRESS: RAND, AVERY, & CO., BOSTON.

The following papers on Village Improvements and Farm Villages are reprinted, with some amendments, from "Scribners Monthly." These constitute the more practical part of the book, so far as villages are concerned.

It has, however, been judged appropriate to add to them a paper on Eastern Farming, which originally appeared in "The Atlantic Monthly," and which continues the discussion of the question of village residence as a means for mitigating some of the hardships which beset the lives of isolated country families.

The wide-spread and growing interest in the topics considered makes it seem worth while to give these short essays a more permanent form.

G. E. W., JR. NEWPORT, R.I., June, 1877.

CONTENTS.

PAGE VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS 11

VILLAGE SANITARY WORK 69

FARM VILLAGES 114

LIFE AND WORK OF THE EASTERN FARMER 159

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE FIG. 1.--DRAINAGE OF HILL-SIDE FOOT-PATH 31

FIG. 2.--SECTION OF ROAD WITH DRAINS 44

FIG. 3.--PIPES RESTING ON THEIR SHOULDERS 73

FIG. 4.--PIPES RESTING ON THEIR FULL LENGTH 73

FIG. 5.--GREASE-TRAP 79

FIG. 6.--FIELD'S FLUSH-TANK 80

FIG. 7.--THE EMERSON VENTILATOR 86

FIG. 8.--DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING MANNER OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL AT LENOX, MASS. 97

FIG. 9.--SETTLING BASIN 102

FIG. 10.--ARRANGEMENT OF ABSORPTION DRAINS, 105

FIG. 11.--DIVISION OF FOUR SQUARE MILES WITH CENTRAL VILLAGE 124