Part 33

RODNEY, Admiral, development of naval warfare identified with name of, 4; uplifted the navy, 6; before Havre, 126; succeeds Hawke, 145; his descent, 148; his father in command of the royal yacht, 148; George I. his sponsor, 148; given the name of the king, 148; his advancement, 148; contrasted in temperament with Hawke, 152; presented at Court, 153; complimented to the king, 153; appointed Commodore, and commander of Newfoundland station, 154; letter to, from Earl of Sandwich, 154, 155; the Earl's confidence in, 155; returns to England, 156; elected to Parliament, 156; no connection with Minorca incident, 156; breaks with tradition, 156; accompanies Rochefort expedition under Hawke, 157; commands ship-of-the-line under Boscawen, at Louisburg, 157; again returns to England, 157; promoted to rear-admiral, 158; operates against Havre and Brest, 158; again elected to Parliament, 158; appointed to Leeward Islands station, 158; sails for his new post, 158; begins operations against Martinique, 158; begins hostilities against Spain, 159; receives intelligence of approach of Brest fleet, 160; gives pursuit, 160; hastens to succor of Jamaica, 160; takes the responsibility, 162, 163; his bitter disappointment, 164; ordered to join expedition under Pocock, 164; his letter to Earl of Sandwich, 164; goes to Martinique, 166; at fall of Havana, 166; active service in Seven Years War terminated, 166; returns to England, 1763, 166; made a vice-admiral of the Blue, and vice-admiral of the Red, 167; appointed commander-in-chief at Jamaica, 167; governor of Greenwich hospital, 167; his report concerning free-ports, 169, 170; was a pronounced Tory, 170; demands of governor of Cartagena delivery of captured war schooner Hawke, 171; disturbs British ministry by Hawke incident, 172; Sandwich's cautionary letter to, 172, 173; his act justified by government, 174; Sandwich reassures him, 174; his hopes for a colonial appointment, 174; Jamaica his first choice, 174; Sandwich's renewed assurances, 175; is superseded, 175; has permission to remain at Jamaica, 175; lands in England, 175; lacked influence to obtain preferment, 175; settles in Paris, 175; becomes pecuniarily involved, 175; applies to Admiralty for employment, 176; his application disregarded, 176; admiral of white squadron, 177; declaration of Sandwich concerning, in House of Lords, 178; Richard Cumberland's remark concerning, 178; detained in France by creditors, 179; Lady Rodney's efforts to release, 179; Marechal Biron makes advance to, 179; demands of creditors of, satisfied, 179, 180; repays Biron, 180; returns to England, 180; appointed to command Leeward Islands station, 185; analysis of his powers in 1782, 186; Sandwich urges him to sea with all despatch, 187; sails from Plymouth, 187; captures a Spanish convoy, 188; sights Spanish fleet, off Cape St. Vincent, 188; is congratulated by Sandwich, 190; letter of latter to, 191; letter to, from Lady Rodney, 191; his reply, 192; his report of battle, 192; Sandwich's letter to, 193; England's joy over achievement of, 193; reaches St. Lucia, 194; place of, among naval chiefs, 196; follows De Guichen's sailing from Martinique, 197; overtakes French fleet, 197; attacks the enemy, 198; criticises misconduct of his officers, 204; his stern discipline, 206, 207; makes suggestions to the Admiralty, 209; sails for North American coast, 211; anchors off Sandy Hook, 211; his coming a grievous blow to Washington, 211; disclaims intention of offending Arbuthnot, 213; lands at New York, 214; returns to West Indies, 216; destruction of Langara's fleet by, 216; reaches Barbados, 217; vessels lost in hurricane, 217; ordered to proceed against Dutch shipping, 217; captures St. Eustatius island, 218; captures Dutch fleet of merchant ships, 218; author criticises hampering of Hood, 222; writes to Admiral Parker, 225; is advised of approach of French fleet, 225, 226; devotes himself to supervision of St. Eustatius island, 226; his error, 227; sends small force against De Grasse, 229; forced to retire, 230; his return to England, 232; again afloat, 232; sails for his station, 232; reaches Barbados, 234; learns of capitulation of St. Kitts, 235; takes united fleet to Santa Lucia, 235; is assailed in Parliament, 235; follows French fleet from Martinique, 236; pushes reinforcements to Hood, 237; battle with De Grasse, 238-242; his victory, 242; moves toward Jamaica, 243; is criticised for lethargic action, by Hood, 244; his defence, 244, 245; analysis of character as shown in battle with De Grasse, 248, 249, 250; his professional career ends, 251; is superseded, 251; succeeded by Pigot, 251; leaves Jamaica and lands at Bristol, 251; Hood's comment on, 252; receives thanks of Parliament, 252; advanced to the peerage, 252; is voted a pension, 252; his other honors, 253; made vice-admiral of Great Britain, 253; his troublous later years, 253; death of, 253; in accord with Lord Sandwich, 287.

RODNEY, Lady, goes to England to obtain pecuniary relief for husband, 179; her letter to husband concerning victory off Cape St. Vincent, 191, 192.

ROOKE, Admiral, his movements off Malaga, 15.

ROWLEY, Rear-Admiral, off Toulon, 21, 28; compliments Hawke, 84.

Royal, Fort, 235.

Royal George, ship, 140; loss of, 290; 393.

Royal Savage, schooner, 438.

Russell, ship, Saumarez appointed to command, 395; 396.

Russia, Sweden at war with, 421; breach of, with Napoleon, 422; fleet of, takes refuge in Gulf of Finland, 425.

Russia, Czar of, 421.

St. Antoine, ship, 420.

St. Christopher, island, 394.

St. Eustatius, island, captured by Rodney, 217, 218; recaptured by French, 233; Rodney assailed in Parliament for acts at, 235.

St. George, ship, 351; two seamen of, condemned for infamous crime, 360; outburst of crew of, 360; execution of seamen of, 361.

St. Johns (Canada); 434, 435; 437.

St. Kitts, 163; 165; 228; is besieged by French, 234; capitulates, 235.

St. Lawrence, river, 433; 434.

St. Vincent, Cape, captured by British, 159; Spanish fleet sighted by Rodney, off, 188; battle off, 190; victory of Jervis at, 345; 353; 355; Jervis's battle off, 352-357; Saumarez at battle off, 400.

ST. VINCENT, Earl, declines a command, 286; denounces ministry to George III., 287; Admiral Jervis created, 356; 359; 360; 361; 362; 364; 367; 368; 370; 372; 373; 374; 375; 376; 377; 379; 380; 381; 401; assumes command Channel fleet, 411; complimentary note of, to Saumarez, 411, 412; his praise of Saumarez, 412, 413; recognizes ability of Pellew, 460, see also Jervis.

SAINTE-ANDRE, Jean Bon, 312.

SANDWICH, Earl of, letter from, to Rodney, 154,155; his confidence in Rodney, 155; his cautionary letter to Rodney, 172, 173; disregards Rodney's application for employment, 176; his remark concerning Rodney in House of Lords, 178; urges Rodney to sea with all despatch, 187; congratulates Rodney, 190; private letter from, to Rodney, 193; character of, 285, 286.

Sandy Hook, Rodney anchors off, 211.

San Fiorenzo Bay, 333; 348.

San Josef, ship, 355.

San Nicolas, ship, 355.

Santa Lucia, island, captured by British, 159; 228; French proceed against, 229; failure of attack on, 229; Rodney takes united fleet to, 235; 245; 248.

Santo Domingo, 244.

Saratoga, 276; 441; 442.